Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function

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Select one of the case studies below for your assignment. In your discussion, be sure to discuss developing collaborative relationships with clients when teaching concepts concerning pathological states to individuals and families.
 
Make sure all of the topics in the case study have been addressed.
Cite at least three references in your case study paper; this may include peer-reviewed journal articles, textbooks, or evidence-based practice websites to support the content.
All reference sources must be within 5 years.
Do not use sources such as Wikipedia or UpToDate as a reference.
Assignments must have at least four full pages of analytic content, double-spaced (the cover and reference pages do not count in the page count, but must be included with the assignment), and follow APA 7th edition format.
Case Study 1: Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function
Robert is a 68-year-old who has dealt with alcoholism for over 30 years. He has cirrhosis and is anemic. His appetite has declined, and he regularly complains of abdominal pain. Recently, while preparing himself a sandwich, he cut his finger deeply with a knife. The wound bled profusely, and he used a kitchen towel to stop the flow. Refusing to go and seek medical assistance, he put ice on his finger and wrapped the towel around it. He sat down in his recliner with his hand over his head and fell asleep.
Anemia and clotting disorders are common features of alcoholic liver disease. What are the mechanisms that cause these hematologic disorders?
What gastrointestinal bleed is associated with a high mortality rate in those with advanced cirrhosis? What is the pathophysiology of this condition?
Acute pancreatitis is sometimes seen in alcoholics, particularly after binge drinking. Why are tachycardia and hypotension indications of this condition?
Why are women more predisposed to alcoholic liver disease than men?
Case Study 2: Somatosensory Function, Pain, Headache, and Temperature Regulation
Ramandeep is an active 23-year-old. She works as a part-time nurse during the day and is studying for a postgraduate certificate in the evening. Ramandeep started to wear a bite plate at night after she began to experience jaw pain and headaches. Sometimes the pain radiated to her ear, and she would apply a hot water bottle to it to ease the discomfort. It was not until her husband mentioned to her that he heard her grinding her teeth at night while she was sleeping. She knew then that her headaches might be from temporomandibular joint syndrome, and she went to her dentist to confirm her thoughts. In addition to the bite plate, the dentist also recommended she should continue with the application of heat, use NSAIDs when needed, and incorporate regular relaxation exercises throughout her stressful days.
What effect does heat have on nociceptors so that it makes a good nonpharmacologic treatment for pain?
Heat and cold treatment are both hypothesized to have an effect on the release of endogenous opioids. What are these chemicals, and why are they hypothesized to be beneficial in the body?
Using your knowledge of physiology, how do NSAID analgesics function in the management of pain?
Case Study 3: Disorders of Visual Function
Phil is a 54-year-old with type 2 diabetes. After he was initially diagnosed with the condition, his physician referred him to an ophthalmologist for a comprehensive eye examination. Phil had been struggling with the lifestyle changes he was required to make. He was able to return to a healthy weight with physical exercise and dietary changes, but he worked long hours and ate poorly when on business trips. Phil missed his second annual checkup with his ophthalmologist because of such a trip. When he finally made it in, she examined him and stated there was no evidence of small retinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool exudates. She emphasized his need to reduce his hypertension and hyperlipidemia and wrote up a report for his physician.
How do visual disturbances arise from background and proliferative retinopathy?
How might blindness occur with a prolonged detached retina? Explain using your knowledge of pathophysiology.
What are the similarities and differences between traction retinal detachment and rhegmatogenous detachment?
Case Study 4: Mechanisms of Endocrine Control
Leda is a 38-year-old woman who began to experience weight gain, mood swings, and weakness. When her periods became irregular, she went to her physician. Leda’s physician heard the symptoms Leda was concerned about and then ordered a 24-hour free cortisol urine test and an overnight dexamethasone suppression test and measured her serum ACTH levels. The results indicated that Leda had Cushing disease, a condition caused by the hypersecretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary and resulting in elevated cortisol levels. To confirm the diagnosis, Leda’s physician ordered a cranial MRI to identify the presence of a pituitary tumor.
 
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Leadership and Group Collaboration

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W​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​rite a 3–4 page letter in response to a task given to you by a supervisor outlined in a scenario in which you are asked to describe your approaches to leadership and group collaboration. Your letter should be 3–4 double-spaced pages in length. Apply current APA formatting to all in-text citations and references. Use Times New Roman, 12-point font. Express your main points, arguments, and conclusions coherently. Use correct grammar and m​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​echanics. Support your claims, arguments, and conclusions with credible evidence from 2–3 current scholarly or professional sources. Proofread your writing. Develop a professional response in the form of a letter to the supervisor in the scenario. The letter should have two main components: Identify the qualities of a successful leader and compare them to your leadership characteristics. Make recommendations on how to lead and foster te​‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​amwork.
 
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Safety quality issue pertaining to medication administration in a health care

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Develop a 3-5 page paper that examines a safety quality issue pertaining to medication administration in a health care setting. You will analyze the issue and examine potential evidence-based and best-practice solutions from the literature as well as the role of nurses and other stakeholders in addressing the issue.
Health care organizations and professionals strive to create safe environments for patients; however, due to the complexity of the health care system, maintaining safety can be a challenge. Since nurses comprise the largest group of health care professionals, a great deal of responsibility falls in the hands of practicing nurses. Quality improvement (QI) measures and safety improvement plans are effective interventions to reduce medical errors and sentinel events such as medication errors, falls, infections, and deaths. A 2000 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report indicated that almost one million people are harmed annually in the United States, (Kohn et al., 2000) and 210,000–440,000 die as a result of medical errors (Allen, 2013).
The role of the baccalaureate nurse includes identifying and explaining specific patient risk factors, incorporating evidence-based solutions to improving patient safety and coordinating care. A solid foundation of knowledge and understanding of safety organizations such as Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), the Institute of Medicine (IOM), and The Joint Commission and its National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) program is vital to practicing nurses with regard to providing and promoting safe and effective patient care.
You are encouraged to complete the Identifying Safety Risks and Solutions activity. This activity offers an opportunity to review a case study and practice identifying safety risks and possible solutions. We have found that learners who complete course activities and review resources are more successful with first submissions. Completing course activities is also a way to demonstrate course engagement.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
• Competency 1: Analyze the elements of a successful quality improvement initiative.
o Explain evidence-based and best-practice solutions to improve patient safety focusing on medication administration and reducing costs.
• Competency 2: Analyze factors that lead to patient safety risks.
o Explain factors leading to a specific patient-safety risk focusing on medication administration.
• Competency 4: Explain the nurse’s role in coordinating care to enhance quality and reduce costs.
o Explain how nurses can help coordinate care to increase patient safety with medication administration and reduce costs.
o Identify stakeholders with whom nurses would need to coordinate to drive quality and safety enhancements with medication administration.
 
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