Substance Abuse

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A position paper is a written essay that discusses a reasonable and arguable opinion about a specific issue. The purpose of a position paper is to describe support for that particular opinion and present an overall foundation for your argument. Part of the process of writing a position paper includes collecting facts and information to support or disprove the hypothesis. For this reason, the paper should include and describe factual and quantifiable factors as much as possible (This means using credible, peer-reviewed sources). Only once the facts and information have been thoroughly researched should a position be stated. In this case, you will either support or reject a change in the current federal legal status of marijuana.Finally, this is a 3-page position paper (double space), excluding the title and reference page.

Nutritional Side Effects Of Cancer Treatments

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Nutritional Side Effects of Cancer Treatments

Let’s imagine that you are working at a hospice community outreach center as a clinical nutrition aide and the supervising RD asks you to prepare a preliminary nutrition assessment on a stage 4 colon cancer patient. The patient has experienced severe weight loss (more than 20% weight loss) and is suffering from N/V/D (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea) due to the extensive chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical resection of part of his colon. The nursing notes reveal that the patient is unable to tolerate his meals (bland/soft diet) and is even having a hard time keeping clear liquids down when taking his medication.

· Why does extensive chemotherapy, radiation and colon resection (surgery where part of the diseased colon tissue is removed) often  lead to such serious negative nutritional outcomes?

· What nutrition therapy options are available to patients with these types of nutrition complications?

· Which nutrition therapy method would you suggest and why?

· What other considerations need to be made before making the nutrition therapy recommendation to the supervising dietitian and Physician? (Please consider ethical aspects, family wishes, overall medical prognosis etc.).

Start a New Thread

Describe the temperature danger zone.

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Review food safety scenarios and answer questions in relation to Food Safety.

Consult the Food Safety Scenarios document and then complete the following for each scenario:

Scenario 1

  • Write at least 50-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.
  • Based on Scenario 1, what are the possible sources of food-borne illness?
  • Although Jeremiah did not get sick, there were several areas throughout Jeremiah’s day that could have led him to a serious case of food-borne illness. Point out these areas and briefly explain why they are of concern and what Jeremiah could have done differently.
  • Why is it safe for steak to be pink in the middle, but potentially dangerous for a hamburger not to be cooked all the way through?

Scenario 2

  • Write at least 50-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.
  • How could this illness have been prevented?
  • Based on the incubation period and symptoms of the illness, what is the most likely microorganism responsible for this illness?
  • Describe the temperature danger zone.
  • How could Martha have sped up the cooling process of the lasagna?
  • If the leftover lasagna was thoroughly reheated, (which it was), how did it still lead to food-borne illness?

Scenario 3

  • Write at least 50-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.
  • What could be the cause of Sally and her family members’ illness?
  • How could this illness have been prevented?

The Grading Guide for Food Safety will be used for this assignment.

  Title

ABC/123 Version X

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  Food Safety Scenarios

SCI/220 Version 11

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University of Phoenix Material

Food Safety Scenarios

Scenario 1

Jeremiah went grocery shopping on a hot summer day. He bought the following food for an upcoming family BBQ: ground beef for hamburgers, a couple of steaks, and the ingredients for making potato salad.

When he left the store, he put his groceries in the trunk and stopped by the sports outlet store to pick up a Frisbee and croquet set. It took about 10 minutes at the sports store, and then Jeremiah headed home to prepare the food. He was concerned that it had been too hot in the car, but everything was still cold when he got home. Jeremiah put everything in the refrigerator. The meat fit well on the top shelf, right above the potato salad ingredients.

Later on, he got the groceries out to prep everything for the BBQ. He cooked the potatoes and used a sharp knife to trim some excess fat off of the raw steaks. Then he cut up the rest of the vegetables for the potato salad with the sharp knife on a cutting board.

Jeremiah formed the hamburger patties, seasoned the steaks, and finished making the potato salad. With only about 45 minutes to go before leaving for the BBQ, Jeremiah left everything sitting out on the counter while he showered and got ready.

When he arrived at the BBQ, he set the potato salad on the picnic table and went to grill the steaks and burgers. He cooked both to about medium doneness, meaning both were pink in the middle.

Jeremiah enjoyed one of the steaks he prepared and gave one to his cousin. The other family members enjoyed the burgers and potato salad, Jeremiah didn’t have a chance to try the salad. A couple of days after the BBQ, Jeremiah learned that everyone at the BBQ, with exception of himself and his cousin, experienced a bout of flu-like symptoms the following day.

Scenario 2

After enjoying a delicious dinner of lasagna, Martha cleaned up the kitchen and left the covered tray of leftover lasagna on the counter to cool. Since the lasagna was so dense and thick, it took about 4 hours for it to feel cool enough to go into the fridge for the night. The next day, Martha served leftover lasagna for lunch. She heated the lasagna thoroughly and it was finished.

Within about 2–3 hours, everyone who ate the lasagna developed stomach cramps, fever, and nausea. Most of them eventually started vomiting. The illness was pretty awful, but thankfully relatively short-lived.

Scenario 3

Sally was making marinated shish-kabobs to grill for dinner. She made a beautiful marinade and then cut up the raw chicken on a cutting board. She put the chunks of chicken in the marinade and let it sit on the counter for about three hours until it was time to cook.

While the chicken was marinating, Sally prepared the vegetables. She cut them using the same cutting board and knife. She rinsed both the cutting board and knife off with warm water between cutting the chicken and the vegetables.

Once the chicken had marinated, Sally put the chicken and vegetables on skewers to be grilled. She also started rice in the rice cooker to go with the shish-kabobs. As the shish-kabobs were grilling, Sally put the marinade in a serving dish for extra sauce to put over the rice.

Several hours later, Sally and her family members all developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, and abdominal pain.

Copyright © XXXX by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2016 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Experienced discrimination and racial differences in leukocyte gene expression

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Using as references any of this sources:

1. This article provides more insight on the basics of community health assessment. ● Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [CDC]. (2018). Community Health Assessment & Health Improvement Planning. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/cha/index.html

2. Click on this Community Health Assessment Toolkit link below and go to the “Community Engagement” tab to learn more about the community engagement approach. http://www.healthycommunities.org/Resources/toolkit.shtml#.W3HLAuhKhPY Association for Community Health Improvement. (2017). Community Health Assessment Toolkit. Retrieved from http://www.healthycommunities.org/Resources/toolkit.shtml#.W318ruhKhPZ

3. These articles will pertain to the learning activity related to the course outcomes in this unit. ● Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2018). Determinants of health. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-ofHealth ● World Health Organization. [WHO]. (2018). Health impact assessment: The determinants of health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/

4. Readings based on a study that concludes that routine implementation of a community health assessment and improvement plan in local health agencies leads to improved public health decisionmaking and actions. ● Rabarison, K. M., Timsina, L., & Mays, G. P. (2015). Community Health Assessment and Improved Public Health Decision-Making: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. American Journal of Public Health, 105(12), 2526-2533. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302795

5. This article describes details of how economic and social disadvantage affects health, and describes some policy approaches to improve health and reduce health inequities by addressing socioeconomic disadvantage. ● Swain, G. (2016-2017). How does economic and social disadvantage affect health? Retrieved from https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc331a.pdf

6. Mathematical models can be very helpful to understand the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. This book presents examples of epidemiological models and modeling tools that can assist policymakers to assess and evaluate disease control strategies. ● Feng, Z. (2014). Applications of Epidemiological Models to Public Health Policymaking: The Role of Heterogeneity in Model Predictions. New Jersey: World Scientific.

Respond:

Every individual affects the community in some way. What individual factors (personal characteristics, genetics, developmental stage of life, lifestyle) affect community/public health? How can public health advocates and policy makers prevent and/or manage potential conflicts within the community that could arise as a result of public health assessments? Finally, what can advocate’s, policymakers, and others do to promote habits that will improve community health?

in two diferent paragraph give your personal opinion to Rachel Shi  and  Christopher Moran

Rachel Shi

Throughout the human lifespan, our developmental biology, health behaviors, and personal characteristics intersect with public health. Interestingly, there is far more research regarding how environmental and community factors affect individual health than vice versa. Nevertheless, one clear example of the latter is how the color of our skin, based on biology and natural variance, can be such a powerful determinant of how an individual is treated in a community which impacts their emotional wellbeing and availability of resources and opportunities. Racial disparities abound in issues of health access, housing affordability, education opportunities, and economic development. Studies report that systemic racism in turn promotes chronic illness and inflammation (Thames et al., 2019). Public health policies engage with numerous aspects of the community which directly or indirectly influence the social and physical health of an individual and population.

Communities are also vastly diverse in ideology and practices, so mutual understandings, policy negotiations, and, if conflict does arise, conflict management and resolution must be considered. One recommended approach that public health researchers have used to facilitate cooperation and understanding is community-based participatory research in which community members are more equitably engaged in the research process (Association for Community Health Improvement, 2017). In this way, health policies and initiatives should also include community voices to prevent miscommunication or a lack of communication that could lead to potential suffering of vulnerable populations.

Improving community health requires a sustained, motivated effort to mobilize numerous stakeholders and members of the community. Changing health behaviors can include raising awareness of potentially harmful habits, incentivizing health-promoting ones, and discouraging harmful ones (Hayden, 2018). Everyone can play a part: policymakers can influence regulations and laws over certain behaviors; advocates and interest groups can help with persuasion and facilitate certain behavioral or technological improvements within a community; employers can try to foster a health-promoting institutional environment (e.g. paid sick leave, paycheck deduction for tobacco use). There are a multitude of health behavior theories such as the Health Belief Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, Transtheoretical Model (stages of change), the Social Cognitive Theory, and Social Ecological Model, each of which might be more or less relevant depending on the situation and behavior (Hayden, 2018).

References

Association for Community Health Improvement. (2017). Community Health Assessment Toolkit. Retrieved from http://www.healthycommunities.org/Resources/toolkit.shtml#.W318ruhKhPZ

Hayden, J. (2018). Introduction to health behavior theory. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Thames, A. D., Irwin, M. R., Breen, E. C., & Cole, S. W. (2019). Experienced discrimination and racial differences in leukocyte gene expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 106:277-283. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.016.

Christopher Moran

In my personal opinion, I feel that age is the great factor that is affecting the community and the publics health. On one side of the spectrum there are “kids” that include teenagers, that have been stuck in a dormant phase due to the ongoing pandemic. The opposite is the elderly that do not adhere to the warnings and led to the largest spike in the Sars-Cov-2 outbreak and ended with many hospitalized or deceased since they are at a much higher risk (CDC, 2020). The younger people thought they were invincible and unaffected due to the media, the elderly were not under closer supervision inside the nursing homes.

The media plays an extensive role on the impact of people lives and how they react to situations. There unfortunately is not enough conclusive evidence to prove this theory correct; however, if health policy makers were to utilize all of the platforms that would reach younger adults it would keep them more informed (Bou-Karroum et al., 2017). While, at the same time maintaining a presence on the news and in papers for those that do not utilize modern technology as well. The more informed people are the better they will know how to take care of themselves.

Above the door to the Officer Candidate School House of the Marine Corp there is a sign that says “Ductus Exemplo”. It is Latin for, “Lead by example” (Genesis 10, 2014). When policy makers and government officials are seen not abiding by their own standards it is difficult to follow suite. I believe that if that enforcing a rule is a two way road and by leading by example it would influence others to do the same.

Do you think people are influenced by bad decisions, as fast as they are by good ones?

-Moran, C

References

Bou-Karroum, L., El-Jardali, F., Hemadi, N., Faraj, Y., Ojha, U., Shahrour, M., . . . Akl, E. (2017, April 18). Using media to impact health policy-making: An integrative systematic review. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5395744/

CDC. (2020, August 16) Older Adults. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html