What are three kinds of information that epidemiology can tell us about diseases?

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Name_______________________

Question 1

Epidemiologists gather a lot of information from patients about what they have been doing in their lives in order to get clues about their illness, how they caught it, how it spreads, what type of interactions with people put other people at risk, etc. They compile the information and use it to determine the risks associated with different behaviors.

Can epidemiology predict the likelihood that you, as an individual, will become infected at some point in your life? Explain your answer.

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Question 2

What are three kinds of information that epidemiology can tell us about diseases?

1.

2.

3.

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Question 3

What are three criteria for establishing a causal relationship between a factor and a disease? Explain each of these.

1.

2.

3.

Question 4  10 pts

Describe two non-AIDS-related examples of epidemiological studies in the past that helped to establish the cause of a disease.

1.

2.

Question 5 

What are the two basic kinds of epidemiological studies?

1.

2.

Question 8

Explain how the presence of different subgroups and clades of the HIV can make it easier for epidemiologists to track the route of transmission of the virus, while at the same time, complicate the detection of the virus in patients.

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Question 10

According to the epidemiology data presented in Chapter 6, what sexual practice has been shown to be associated with the highest risk of HIV transmission?

Chapter 6 Part 1 Quiz Name_______________________

 

Question 1 10 pts

Epidemiologists gather a lot of information from patients about what they have been doing in their lives in order to get clues about their illness, how they caught it, how it spreads, what type of interactions with people put other people at risk, etc. They compile the information and use it to determine the risks associated with different behaviors.

Can epidemiology predict the likelihood that you, as an individual, will become infected at some point in your life? Explain your answer.

 

 

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Question 2 10 pts

What are three kinds of information that epidemiology can tell us about diseases?

1.

2.

3.

 

 

 

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Question 3 10 pts

What are three criteria for establishing a causal relationship between a factor and a disease? Explain each of these.

1.

2.

3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Question 4 10 pts

Describe two non-AIDS-related examples of epidemiological studies in the past that helped to establish the cause of a disease.

1.

2.

 

 

Question 5 10 pts

What are the two basic kinds of epidemiological studies?

1.

2.

 

Question 6 10 pts

Look at Figure 6-1. The graph on the top half of the figure shows the total number of new AIDS cases in each year, as well as the total number of deaths during that year. According to the graph, how has the incidence rate and death rate of AIDS changed since 2000. Choose the best answer:

The death rate has increased, while the incidence rate has decreased.

 

Both the death rate and the incidence rate have remained the same.

 

Both the death rate and the incidence rate have increased slightly.

 

Both the death rate and the incidence rate have decreased slightly.

 

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Question 7 10 pts

Look at the lower graph in Figure 6-1. This represents the cumulative number of AIDS cases and deaths to date for the given year.

Approximately how many patients had been diagnosed with AIDS in the USA by the year 2010?

What fraction of these patients had died by the end of 1998?

What fraction of these patients had died by the end of 2010?

1,000,000; 1/2; 7/8

 

1,000,000; 1/3; 2/3

 

1,200,000; 1/3; 1/2

 

1,200,000; 1/2; 2/3

 

 

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Question 8 10 pts

Explain how the presence of different subgroups and clades of the HIV can make it easier for epidemiologists to track the route of transmission of the virus, while at the same time, complicate the detection of the virus in patients.

 

 

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Question 9 10 pts

Look at Figure 6-4. Epidemiology has allowed us to track changes in disease patterns over time. Discuss:

1. Which risk group in the USA was most impacted by the AIDS epidemic as of 1986,

2. How had this changed by 2010?

3. Can you explain any of these differences in terms of the historical events or other changes in society between 1986 and 2010?

 

 

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Question 10 10 pts

According to the epidemiology data presented in Chapter 6, what sexual practice has been shown to be associated with the highest risk of HIV transmission?

Explain how cross-tabulation can be used to determine the cause of an outbreak

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1. Explain how cross-tabulation can be used to determine the cause of an outbreak. Provide at least one specific example to demonstrate this process.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

2. Describe the role of epidemiology in advancing community health. Provide at least two significant, historical examples of ways in which epidemiology has advanced community health.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length

3.Explain the key objectives of epidemiology in advancing community health. For each objective, provide at least one practical example of its impact on community health.

4.Investigation of acute disease outbreaks is a very important component of epidemiology practice. Please describe the steps involved in investing such an outbreak. Provide at least two examples of disease outbreaks that might be investigated in this manner.

Your response must be at least 300 words in length.

Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders

All answers must be referenced

Assignment Two: Addressing Mental Health, Class, Gender, and Race

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Assignment Two: Addressing Mental Health, Class, Gender, and Race

Overview

If you’ve taken a sociological theory course you are likely familiar with Herbert Blumer’s work and social interactionism theory.  In the 1960s, Erving Goffman put forward the idea that social interactionism can be applied to understanding mental health. Individuals engage in self-fulfilling prophecies that support them living up to the image others have of them, and expect of them.  Goffman suggested that people institutionalized with mental illness can rework their self-image based on the institutionalization.

For this assignment, we will expand upon our understanding of sociology of medicine, health, illness; more specifically, mental health and illness. You will explain the link between stress and mental illness, and then use that explanation to explain the three social variables:  class, gender, and race differences in mental illness.

Instructions

For this assignment, you will put together a presentation.

You may also use PowerPoint or use another presentation program.  Please attach, embed, or provide a link to your presentation to submit it for grading.

Your Presentation must do the following:

  1. Explain the link between stress, mental health, and illness.
  2. Next, explain class, gender, and race differences in mental health.
  3. Apply at least four concepts from our readings/materials that relate to mental health and illness. For example, social isolation and stigma.
  4. Select one sociological theory and explain how it can be applied to mental health and illness. Sociological theories include functionalism, conflict theory, feminist theory, symbolic interactionism, and others as mentioned in our readings and materials.
  5. Include at least 3 peer-reviewed journal articles no more than five years old.

Your 10 – 12 slide presentation should utilize sound critical thought and it should include appropriate APA in-text citations and full APA references at the end. Please note, the cover and reference slide do not count toward the requirements.

The structure of the Presentation must include the following:

— TITLE SLIDE/SECTION,

— BODY OF PRESENTATION WITH SUBHEADINGS (to identify each section)

— REFERENCE SLIDE/SECTION.

Explain Mill’s utilitarian moral theory

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you need to pick between them.  Where the first will be the rather obvious “explain and critique” sort of prompt, the second will require you to attempt to apply the theory to a particular scenario and evaluate it in its application–this will also require that you explain and critique, just with a different focus.  You can choose which you prefer or if there is some other topic you are interested in writing on related to what we have been discussing you are free to do so (I only ask you consult me first).

Prompt One:

  • Explain Mill’s utilitarian moral theory and offer an argumentative critique or defense of that position.

Prompt Two:

  • Read the following story of a unique moral dilemma [from the philosopher Bernard Williams–the essay from which it is taken is also in the book] and then (1) explain, in good detail, what Mill would argue Jim should do, (2) explain why Mill’s theory would demand such a response and (3) argue whether or not that account of the situation makes moral sense of that decision [that is, even if you think that utilitarianism tells us to do the right thing, is it right because of utility and the greater good or for some other reason?]. In answering the 1 and 2, I expect a reasonably detailed account of the basic moral theory of Mill/Utilitarianism as an answer to the normative question.

The moral dilemma:

“Jim finds himself in the central square of a small South American town. Tied up against the wall are a row of twenty Indians, most terrified, a few defiant, in front of them several armed men in uniform. A heavy man in a sweat-stained khaki shirt turns out to be the captain in charge and, after a good deal of questioning of Jim which establishes that he got there by accident while on a botanical expedition, explains that the Indians are a random group of the inhabitants who, after recent acts of protest against the government, are just about to be killed to remind other possible protestors of the advantages of not protesting. However, since Jim is an honoured visitor from another land, the captain is happy to offer him a guest’s privilege of killing one of the Indians himself. If Jim accepts, then as a special mark of the occasion, the other Indians will be let off. Of course, if Jim refuses, then there is no special occasion, and Pedro here will do what he was about to do when Jim arrived, and kill them all. Jim, with some desperate recollection of schoolboy fiction, wonders whether if he got hold of a gun, he could hold the captain, Pedro and the rest of the soldiers to threat, but it is quite clear from the set-up that nothing of that kind is going to work: any attempt at that sort of thing will mean that all the Indians will be killed, and himself. The men against the wall, and the other villagers, understand the situation, and are obviously begging him to accept. What should he do?”

If you have any questions about the format of the essay or about what is expected of you please get a hold of me as soon as possible.