IH Resources.

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Name: _______________________________________

PUBH 4310 Lab

Industrial Hygiene Recognition of Hazards

Laboratory Exercise 5: Toxicology Resources

 

Objectives:

This session is intended to familiarize students with some of the toxicology resources available on the Web. After this session, students should know about Web resources for:

· Technical and detailed toxicology information

· Non-technical toxicology information, suitable for workers and the public

· SDS databases (formally called MSDS, but now SDS)

Assignment (due Wed the week after lab, and before class to be on time and avoid a 20% late penalty):

· Complete exercises using Web resources – fill in the information and submit it to the instructor.

· Submit a short (1-2 paragraphs) report summarizing this lab, word-processed and spell-checked. Don’t discuss the mechanics of the lab, rather explain how you benefited (or did not benefit) from it. For example, will you use these resources for future classwork or employment situations?

 

Web Activities:

I. SDS databases

Suppose a lab worker is concerned about the Fisher reagent-grade acetone (99.5%) he is using and wants to see the SDS, but the lab’s copy seems to be missing. This section will explore several ways to find SDS documents on the Internet

A. Using the search engine of your choice, search for “Fisher Reagent Grade Acetone (99.5%)” SDS.

 

1. What site did you find the SDS (MSDS)? ________________________________.

2. What date was it created? _______________ . What is the latest revision date and revision number? ______________________________________________.
3. What is the CAS number? ____________ [Visit http://www.cas.org/ to learn more about CAS numbers]

Note: CAS Registry Numbers have a builtin checksum. To calculate the checksum, number each digit from 1 to N, starting at the secondlast digit and progressing to the left. Then, multiply each digit by the number you assigned. Add the sums, and take the units digit. This unit’s digit should match the last digit of the CAS number.

B. OSHA has specific requirements regarding SDS (MSDS) providers.

Go to http://www.osha.gov and refer to 29 CFR 1910.1200((g)(6)(iii) concerning the appropriate source for SDSs. Where can you get an SDS if one wasn’t included with a shipment of hazardous chemicals? ________________________________________________________________________

 

C. Go to the ILPI site, http://www.ilpi.com/msds/index.html.

How many free MSDS sites on the internet do they list? ___________________________

D. If a manufacturer is not listed on a site like this, you can then use an internet search engine. Use a search engine (http://www.google.com, etc.) to find “Dumond Chemicals”. NOTE: Search engines may try to direct you to a supplier, not the manufacturer. Find the SDS for Peel Away 1.

 

What are the hazardous ingredients in this product? ______________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

 

E. Use a search engine to find the Savogran website (the manufacturer) and find a MSDS for Strypeeze Original aka Original Semi-Paste Strypeeze (paint stripper).

 

1. What is the first ingredient listed on the MSDS? ______________________________________

2. What is the name OSHA uses to refer to this chemical? (Use www.osha.gov and search for this chemical) ___________________________________________________.

II. “Non-technical” (plain English) toxicology sites

Assume an employee is worried about perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene) residue in clothes that have been dry-cleaned. This person needs general information about chemicals. MSDSs and toxicology information may be too technical and/or inappropriate.

 

A. Go to the ATSDR ToxFAQ page at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/index.asp and follow the menu to tetrachloroethylene and answer the following question: What are the common industrial uses of tetrachloroethylene? ________________________________________________________________

B. Go to the Environmental Defense Scorecard page at http://www.scorecard.org/ and search for the perchloroethylene scorecard. Look under Hazard Ranking and follow links until you get to the Human Health Effects Score (UTN): _____________________________________________________

MSDS information is cryptic and brief. Employees often are interested in more data, and in an easier to understand form.

 

C. Visit the New Jersey “Right to Know” page at http://web.doh.state.nj.us/rtkhsfs/indexfs.aspx , and follow the alphabetical listing to find acetone. What is the first recommendation for Workplace Controls and Practices? ______________________________________________________________

 

D. Go to the INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL SAFETY CARDS (ICSCs) page at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/default.html and look up the card for acetone. Under the PREVENTION column, what is the recommendation to prevent ingestion? __________________________________________________________________________________

 

E. Go to the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Hazardous Chemicals at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ and look up sodium hydroxide. What are the target organs for this chemical?

__________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III. Technical toxicological sites

Sites with information on carcinogenicity:

 

A. Go to NTP’s Report on Carcinogens at http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ and search for ionizing radiation.

Answer the following questions from the Ionizing Radiation Report:

1. Workers employed in uranium, hard-rock, and phosphate mining potentially are exposed to ____________________________________________.
2. How many lung cancer deaths are caused by radon exposure in single-family homes per year?
. What is the report’s cited source? ______________________.

B. Go to IARC’s home page at http://www.iarc.fr/. Search for Man-Made Vitreous Fibers.

1. Locate “The Monograph” to determine IARC’s carcinogen classification for refractory ceramic fibers: ______________________________________________________________________.

 

C. Visit EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm?fuseaction=iris.showSubstanceList and look up asbestos.

1. What is airborne asbestos concentration equal to 1 in a 1,000,000 risk level for lung cancer or mesothelioma? _______________________________________________________________.

2. Dement, et al, found 2.8 increase in cancer risk for textile workers exposed to _____ fiber-yr/mL.

 

Other sites with detailed toxicological information

D. Visit the National Library of Medicine databases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/index.html and select/find the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, HSDB.

1. Select HSDB and look up acetone. According to the “Environmental Fate” section, the atmospheric half-life of acetone vapor is _________ days.
2. Find the TOXNET database. Search for “acetone”, how many entries are there under the TOXLINE database? ______________________________________________________________________
3. Go to the ChemIDplus database and find the chemical name for water glass: ________________ _____________________. [Select “Names and Synonyms”, to find out more about this chemical.]

E. Go to NIOSH at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh and search for tetrachloroethylene 78-112.

NIOSH document 78112, states “it is prudent to handle this chemical as if it were a ____________”.

 

The following sites are not too technical in nature, but they provide a refreshing look at the position of carcinogens in our diet:

 

F. Go to the HERP site at http://potency.berkeley.edu/herp.html

1. What is the %HERP cancer ranking of 229 g of beer (based on the alcohol content)? __________.

2. How does the risk for historic (1940s-80s) methylene chloride workers compare with beer? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

G. Search “Holiday Menu + broccoli” at http://acsh.org to answer the following question. Or search “carcinogen found in broccoli” and list it and the website used.

1. Which carcinogen is found in broccoli? _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

 

PUBH 4310 Lab #2 1 July 17, 2017

 

 

 

3

Revision Milestone Three

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Running head: ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIC APPROACHES 1

 

ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIC APPROACHES 6

 

 

 

Needs to be redo it, attached the feedback Milestone three PHH-Milestone 1-4

Feedback: I am going to ask that you redo this particular assignment. In regards to alternative strategies, they need to be related to programming, accessibility, delivery, quality, or policy, not treatment. This should tie into the the previous milestones where you addressed policy, Medicaid expansion, rapid diagnosis and support from states. Please resubmit by As soon as possible.

 

Feedback :The purpose of this assignment was for you to create an alternative strategy, policy, program, etc that would address your chosen issue. For those that chose diabetes, the assignment was not about alternative treatments

 

Milestone three PBH-14

Alternative Strategic Approaches

Diabetes is alleged to be a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. It is a dreadful illness that is prevalent in all parts of the world. It is becoming a threat to the existence of humanity. There exist different chemical agents that are available to control and also treat diabetes. However, no data of recovery from diabetes has been published. Besides, the adverse effects of the drug treatment are not effective (Colberg et al, 2016). Alternative strategies are needed to assist patients with diabetes. Some of the alternatives include the use of dietary supplements, acupuncture, and yoga. The alternative approaches are less likely to have adverse side effects as compared to the conventional methods.

The standard therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes is that life style management is fundamental. In addition to exercise and medical nutrition, the conventional treatment suggests that the patient should consume oral glucose and insulin. The pharmacological treatments imply that during fasting, the glucose level exceeds 140 mg/dl which may be ideal. All the same, the conventional treatments have limitations. The oral glucose lowering drugs are approved for the treatment of diabetes (Jang et al, 2003). The oral therapy is ideal for patients whom diet and exercises have failed to achieve the glycemic control. Altogether, the initial response is good. However, the pharmacological treatments may lose their effectiveness in some patients. Some of these drugs include alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. The drugs have been faulted for the side effects they have. For instance, a person may gain weight and experience fatigue. Insulin may also be added to oral drugs and used for the treatment of diabetes. Some of the side effects of insulin include abnormal weight gain and general fatigue.

 

There is a need for alternative medicine. Irrespective of the type of diabetes, the patients are expected to control their blood glucose with medication or exercises or even dietary plans. As a result of modernization of lifestyle, the type two diabetes has become a major health problem in the less developed countries. The patients with diabetes are places on a restricted diet and are required to perform regular exercises in order to control their weight. Even so, if the food and exercise fail to lower the blood glucose, pharmacological treatment may be used. The treatments have their drawbacks that range from resistance as well as adverse effects. Besides, none of the glucose lowering drugs have proved to be effective. The limitations that have faced the antidiabetic agents is in regards to efficacy and safety. Lack of effective alternative methods has made diabetes a global epidemic. There is a need for alternative therapy that can manage diabetes more safely and yield useful results.

Alternative strategies to combat diabetes are neither taught in medical schools, neither are they practiced in health facilities. However, the use of alternative medications is increasing. For instance, in the year 1997, about 42 percent of people in the United States used alternative medical therapy. In total, the person who used the alternative strategies were about 629 million which exceeds the number of those people who visited the primary care doctors. In countries such as Canada, it was found out that about 75 percent of the people used non prescribed alternatives to manage their conditions. Researchers suggest that the alternative approaches are taking roots in the world. Most of the patients are no longer relying on prescription medicine. Instead, they are focusing on alternatives.

 

 

The alternative approaches that would be illustrated in this paper include include physical interventions. Yoga is the first option plan. It is an old traditional Indian physical and spiritual exercise that has been studied for many decades. It has proved useful in the management of a number of chronic diseases such as obesity, asthma, and psychiatric illnesses. On the other hand, Yoga may be effective for controlling symptoms and complications linked to type2 diabetes. The results reveals that yoga could be a strategic alternative in combating diabetes. In addition, the practice of Yoga has shown improvements for people with diabetes. It is also said that the practices of Yoga play a role in the prevention of diabetes. Yoga assists the body in regulating its functions (Thind et al, 2017). Yoga also improves the overall well-being and increase lovingly. Several hypotheses exist for the mechanisms that link the benefits of Yoga in fighting diabetes. Pundits suggest that Yoga helps in relaxation. Others imply that Yoga may help patients taking diabetes medications. All the same, Yoga is an effective alternative to the ineffective medications.

Massage therapy is the next alternative approach. It serves as another strategic alternative to the conventional medications. Massage therapy is used as a relaxation therapy. Massage is recommended for diabetes for over one hundred years. Published results show that massage has a positive effect in managing diabetes. Other studies reveal that the relaxing effects of massage could help people with diabetes to achieve happiness and reduce the tension in their muscles. Besides, massage decrease anxiety among people with diabetes. The stress reducing benefits of massage have raised possibilities that massage may help people with diabetes. Massage also controls the counter-regulatory stress hormone that permits the body to use insulin more efficiently. Similarly, the body massage can stimulate the better flow of blood around the body. The improved circulation does wonder for diabetic neuropathy.

Acupuncture therapy is the other alternative approach that can be used to treat diabetes. People in China have successfully treated diabetes with acupuncture. Likewise, acupuncture is best known across the United States as an alternative therapy for chronic pains. The therapy has been used for the treatment of diabetes related complications for a long time now. Acupuncture is an efficient remedy in treating diabetes and also in managing the complications of this disease. The positive effects of acupuncture therapy on diabetes have been observed from a clinical point of view (Stenlöf et al, 2014). Experiments on animals have shown that acupuncture activates the glucose six phosphate and affects the hypothalamus.

In conclusion, acupuncture acts on the pancreas and enhances the synthesis of insulin. It also increases the number of receptors on the target cells. Likewise, it accelerates the utilization of glucose resulting in the lowering of blood sugar. Information from other studies has shown that acupuncture is effective in lowering the antiobesity effects. Medicinal herbs are the other strategic alternatives. According to the ancient literature, there exist more than 800 plans that have antidiabetic properties. Scholars have agreed that more than 1200 plants are used in the traditional medicine for their hypoglycemic effects. In India, material medica is used for relieving symptoms of diabetes. Finally, besides the initial program, the alternatives have proved to be effective as well. Therefore, people with diabetes should consult with their physicians before they embark on the alternative approaches.

 

 

 

 

References

Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., … & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065-2079.

Jang, M. H., Shin, M. C., Koo, G. S., Lee, C. Y., Kim, E. H., & Kim, C. J. (2003). Acupuncture decreases nitric oxide synthase expression in periaqueductal gray area of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Neuroscience letters, 337(3), 155-158.

Thind, H., Scott-Sheldon, L., Lantini, R., Balletto, B., Donahue, M., Feulner, M., … & Brock, B. C. (2017). The Effects of Yoga on Adults with Type II Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Stenlöf, K., Cefalu, W. T., Kim, K. A., Jodar, E., Alba, M., Edwards, R., … & Meininger, G. (2014). Long-term efficacy and safety of canagliflozin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise: findings from the 52-week CANTATA-M study. Current medical research and opinion, 30(2), 163-175.

Assignment 2: Aspects of Infant Mortality Rate

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Assignment 2: Aspects of Infant Mortality Rate

Task 1–Infant Mortality Rates (20 pts)

The U.S. has higher infant mortality rates than other developed nations. In the course project, you will examine many aspects of this issue.

Begin your investigation of infant mortality rates in the U.S. by gathering and analyzing statistical data.

  • Gather data about infant mortality rates in various countries. Identify five countries that have the lowest infant mortality rates and five countries that have the highest infant mortality rates.
  • Find out the infant mortality rate in the U.S. and discuss where the U.S. ranks internationally.

Note: Using tables is a helpful approach when presenting numerical data.

Task 2–Medical Causes of Infant Mortality (20 pts)

Using the South University Online Library, select and read five articles in peer-reviewed journals, such as Journal of Epidemiology, Journal of Environment Health, and Journal of Applied Epidemiology, on medical causes of infant mortality.

Write an annotated bibliography of the five articles, which should include a one-paragraph summary of each article. Write original summaries; do not merely copy the abstracts. In each of your summaries, include the following:

  • The study’s hypothesis or objective
  • The study’s methodological approach
  • The study’s pertinent findings and conclusions

Task 3–Social, Economic, and Cultural Determinants (20 pts)

Using the South University Online Library, select and read five articles in peer-reviewed journals, such as Journal of Epidemiology and American Journal of Public Health, on socioeconomic/cultural causes of infant mortality.

Write an annotated bibliography of the five articles, which should include a one-paragraph summary of each article. Write original summaries; do not merely copy the abstracts. In each of your summaries, include the following:

  • The study’s hypothesis or objective
  • The study’s methodological approach
  • The study’s pertinent findings and conclusions

Task 4–Analysis (100 pts)

Using the information gathered, write a 2- to 3-page report about effective measures to curb infant mortality rates. Consider necessary policy changes using specific evidence from your research as a guide. Note: It may be helpful to review strategies employed by nations with low infant mortality rates.

Cite sources of information in the correct APA format.

Present all your work in a 3-page Microsoft Word document. Be sure to use APA format.

Discuss the organization’s effectiveness in decreasing/improving the selected public health issue.

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Research a federal governmental organization related to healthcare, such as FEMA, FDA, NIH, CDC, or HHS.  It is important to note that some federal agencies are interconnected and work collaboratively; therefore, it might be advantageous to compare and contrast roles and responsibilities of your selected organization.

  1. Describe the organization’s mission. Relate its stated mission to its activities. Include information to address their roles and responsibilities and provide a clear definition as to the charge of the federal agency.
  2. Select one of the following public health issues and describe 2 –3 important activities of the organization to address the issue: infant mortality rates, reducing heart disease, infectious diseases, or airborne pathogens.
  3. Examine resources utilization by the organization, particularly resources relevant the selected public health issue.
  4. Discuss the organization’s effectiveness in decreasing/improving the selected public health issue.
  5. Introduce 2–3 strategies or an action plan of public health priorities in the twenty-first century to create a healthier nation.

Write a 5-page report about the organization you select. Format the paper in the current APA style and cite sources in the correct format.