cybercrime and cyber security in public safety organizations.

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Here are 4 discussion responses and 2 program reflections made by classmates that need responses. Must be APA format, 1 legitimate/verifiable source per response, in-text citations in each response. Must have 150-200 words per response. Due Saturday November 30, 2019 @ 11:00 PM 24 Hours. A total of 6 responses.

Discussion 1

Discussion Post #1

Clinton Chauca

 

According to the second reading, decision-making processes often founder under the weight of vested interests. These vested interests are often not overtly expressed, but may be a crucial blockage. Because they are not overtly expressed, it is hard to identify them clearly, and therefore address them, but it can sometimes be possible to do so by exploring them with someone outside the process, but in a similar position. It can also help to explore the rational/intuitive aspects with all stakeholders, usually with an external facilitator to support the process.

As the reading states it can be hard to identify them clearly and address them. The stakeholders in my issue are public safety officials including administrators. Although, this may be confusing to identify due to different officials being affected by the same issue. The main supporters to rectifying the negative image that social media brings to public safety will be public safety officials themselves. Specifically police officers, the image of a department is tainted when one police officer conducts themselves poorly or makes a mistake by having a poor choice of words. Body cams and dash cams captures the type of work police officers have to do physically which can work for them or against them. The people that will oppose this issue are civilians who are one sided or biased and believe everything they hear or see is reality in regards to a police officer making poor decisions. For example, when an officer utilizes what we perceive as excessive force there is a chance that the officer felt threatened and thought there was no choice but to firmly restrain the suspect.

Discussion Post #2

Rachel Crouch

The issue I am researching is cybercrime and cyber security in public safety organizations. Some of the stakeholders include government entities, private sector organizations, cyber criminals, operational and administrative personnel within public safety organizations, and the communities the public safety organizations serve. Government entities can be divided further into civilian personnel and government contractors (Rohrer, 2017). Government personnel are stakeholders in cyber security because they often govern public safety organizations. The federal, state, or local government may have the ultimate authority to make the decision of how to mitigate cyber security incidents within a public safety organization. Government contractors are often used to mitigate occurrences of cybercrime. Private sector organizations are also stakeholders of cybercrime because they may also have the ability to provide protection from and mitigate cybercrime occurrences within public safety organizations. Cybercriminals are stakeholders of cybercrime because they are the individuals or groups who are committing the crime and demand of ransom from the affected organizations. Operational and administrative personnel are stakeholders of cybercrime and are affected directly. The technology dependent upon by these personnel impedes daily operations when it is unavailable to them. Finally, the citizens within the communities are stakeholders because they are negatively affected when public safety organizations cannot carry out their daily operations.

Rohrer, K. (2017). Cybersecurity stakeholders. Strategic Finance. Retrieved from:

https://sfmagazine.com/post-entry/november-2017-cybersecurity-stakeholders/

 

 

Discussion 2

 

Discussion Post #1

 

Darryl Duncan

When I look at recommendations ;especially mines I believe that all of my recommendations may not be finalized. I believe some of them can be finalized but it may take a while. The conclusions and recommendations may be combined or, in long reports, presented in separate sections. If there are no recommendations to be made as a result of the project. The conclusion sums up the key points of your discussion, the essential features as your design, or the significant outcomes of your investigation. As its function is to round off the story of your project, it should: be written to relate directly to the aims of the project as stated in the introduction. Indicate the extent to which the aims have been achieved. Summarize the key findings, outcomes or information in your report. Acknowledge limitations and make recommendations for future work. Highlight the significance or usefulness of your work. The conclusions should relate to the aims of the work. A brief example of what the distinction between the conclusion and the recommendation, The aim of this project is to change the homeless rate in the united states today. The conclusion is that the homeless rate can be improved but not every homeless person can be saved.

References

Conclusions and recommendations. (2018, August 9). Retrieved from https://www.monash.edu/rlo/assignment-samples/engineering/eng-writing-technical-reports/conclusions-and-recommendations

Paper Masters. (n.d.). How to properly write the conclusions and recommendations for a research paper. Retrieved from https://www.papermasters.com/conclusions_recommendations.html

 

 

Discussion Post #2

 

Clinton Chauca

 

As the weekly reading suggest, you draw conclusions from your analysis of the results and then make recommendations based on your analysis. Tell your reader what your results mean and what actions should be taken as a result of your findings. In making your recommendations, you must show how your results support them. A good recommendation for a preferred alternative should include:Specifically stating what should be done, the steps required to implement the policy, and the resources needed; Discussion of the benefits to the organization and what problems would be corrected or avoided; Discussion of the feasibility of the proposed policy; General statement about the nature and timing of an evaluation plan that would be used to determine the effectiveness of the proposed policy.

https://www.papermasters.com/conclusions_recommendations.html

 

 

Program Reflection

 

Post #1

Gilberto Cabrera

 

Reflection on Policy, and Procedures for Public Safety

The curriculum has been crucial in modeling my ability to develop concise policies and procedures that support public safety administration. Policies are usually formal statements that are supported by top-level management. They can be issue-specific, system-specific, or organization-specific. For instance, in class PSAD 306 Public Safety Planning we learned how to identify and analyze organizational strategic plans. In my department the policies set by the organization reflect the objectives for ensuring the safety of our employees and the public. Therefore, policies are like a foundation that is designed to last and resist erosion. On the other hand, procedures provide a step by step guidance on how to achieve a specific goal. In public safety administration, procedures should adhere to changes in the control processes.

Developing concise policies and procedures is essential in safeguarding the members of the community, protecting the public and private properties, and preventing crimes and disasters. By developing effective policies, I will be able to promote the smooth functioning of my department by stressing on the importance of taking necessary precautions, cooperation between the public and all the stakeholders and encouraging team members to comply with fire regulations (Varone, 2018).

Public safety administrators respond to safety calls and incidents of crime and enforce the law through policies, directives, and procedures that are responsive to the community. Therefore, the curriculum has equipped me with the skill of developing policies and procedures that will help in conducting investigations, responding to an incidents command structure in the community, and also collaborating with other agencies during disaster management (Hatt, 2019). Effective policies and procedures will help in facilitating a timely and efficient response to emergencies.

References

Hatt, K. (2019). Policies your fire department needs. Retrieved from https://www.firerescue1.com/scba/articles/fdic-2019-quick-take-10-policies-your-fire-department-needs-Xok3a6sqJVvhYlRu/

Varone, C. (2018). Fire law: Policies, procedures, liability, & leadership. Retrieved from https://www.firehouse.com/safety-health/article/20997231/fire-service-policies-procedures-and-liability

 

Post #2

 

Randy McCreadie

 

Develop concise policy, plans, and procedures to support public safety administration.

Program outcome #5 was addressed in several classes within the degree program.  PSAD 306, Public Safety Planning, addressed this program outcome by discussing important items that need to be addressed when supporting public safety administrations.  I learned about operations plans, how to create one and how to analyze one during this class.  I also learned about strategic plans and their importance to the organization.  Lastly, budgeting was a component of this class because everything that public safety administrations do ties into money.  Learning all of these items has helped make me a more valuable employee for my organization because I now understand them and can be a part of team that designs them.

PSAD 408, Public Safety Legal Issues and Public Policy, helped me to understand the legal aspects of running and supporting a public safety administration.  During class I learned about public policy and the importance of making them and enacting them.  I learned about the various legal requirements of public safety administrations and what implications exist for not following them.

Personally, this stated outcome has been met in my career with the fire department.  I have learned what legal requirements exist for a municipal fire department in my state.  I was able to complete a research paper on the Affordable Care Act during PSAD 408.  This paper helped me to better understand the healthcare law and how it has impacted my organization.  I also was able to complete an Executive Briefing during PSAD 408, which helped me to understand the importance of addressing elected officials when the fire chief is not around.  Through these classes I feel like I am better able to support my organization through creating plans that are legal and meet the needs of the organization.

Analysis of the Agency’s Policies, Procedures, and Plans Regarding Unions,

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Running head: AGENCY’S LAW AND ETHICS OF HIRING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 1

 

AGENCY’S LAW AND ETHICS OF HIRING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE 4

 

 

 

 

 

Agency’s Law and Ethics of Hiring a Diverse Workforce

Delores Blango

Strayer University

Dr. Pantaleo

PAD-530 Public Personnel Management

November 17, 2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

Laws Affecting the Agency

Law of discrimination based on the age impacts the agency’s personal management. The Age Discrimination Act of 1967 prohibits the employers from discriminating individuals who are above forty years. In United States, there are penalties and charges for the individual who are involved in discrimination. The act also applies to the businesses, which have more than 20 employees and those operating overseas and interstate. Some of the actions show’s discrimination against age a demoting or fired because they have reached at the age of 40 years. Age discrimination can also come with other factors such as the race of the individual, ethnicity and nationality (Cumming, Dannhauser & Johan, 2015). Age discrimination can bring anxiety and hatred because some of the people feel that they are not valued. Similarly, another law is Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA). The aim of the act was protecting federal employees and ensuring that their rights have been improved and protected. The employers have changed the ways of handling business because of the issue of whistle blowing. It is something, which is very common and the Human Resource Managers have to make sure that the employees maintain behavior that is acceptable in the organization. When there is whistle blowing in the organization, some of the employees may end up feeling that the situation is happening because of racial discrimination. Before the employees are involved in the issues of whistle blowing, they should first understand the consequences that are associated with it. It is good for the employees who want to engage in whistle blowing to check on their families and people who depend on them. Whistle blowing can ruin the reputation of the company and make it hard for the business perform very well.

 

Personal Recruitment and Hiring practices

The personal management has responsibility of meeting the needs of the different group or diversity of the people in an organization. When people who were hired from diverse group, it brings creativity within the organization. Diverse group also brings innovation and new ways of solving problems. In a diverse group, people have to understand the differences of the people and various, which treat them by, hiring harmony and collaboration. Secondly, human resource recruiting people from diverse groups enhances chances of developing market strategy. The diversity puts into consideration the ethnicity, age, gender and race. It brings exceptional ideas within the organizations (Wright & Vanderford, 2017). People who usually come from different areas will have varied ideas and can assist in solving problems, which faces different business. Human resources should have high consideration of hiring people from diverse areas so that the quality of production is improved. The cost is reduced through use of efficient methods and it assist in saving time. Diversity also brings the base of the customers that is diverse. When the employees to be hired from different areas, they are more likely to get customers from different geographical areas. There is appreciation of the cultural diversity when the employees hired from different corners of the world. Similarly, in the hiring process, human resource managers should not consider the sexuality of the individual as long as they are qualified for the job. Both gay and lesbians recruited if they have the right experience or they are qualified for the job. The weakness of the hiring practices is utilization of resources while hiring new team. The jobs advertised in the websites and all protocols followed. After advertisement, the best candidates selected and the interviews carried out so that the best candidate chosen.

 

Ethics and diversity training

Training of the employees happens to the newly recruited one as well as existing employees. The training is very important because it enables the employees who been employed to appreciate, acknowledge and respect other people despite of their age, sexual orientation and gender. Training enables the employees to keep learning new things and understanding the trends, which exist in the market. The world is changing very fast and the employees need to interact with other people from different parts of the world so that they can learn about these changes (Self, Wise, Beauvais & Molinari, 2018). The tool that promotes the collaboration within the organization and understanding between the employees. Training enables the employees to gain new knowledge about other employees from different geographical areas and start appreciating the differences. In the training, employees gain new knowledge and skills, which they utilize in their regular basis. The employees are motivated during training so that they can focus on the goals of the organizations and their strength. The weaknesses of ethnics and diversity training high cost of training and time consuming. Allocated Resources for facilitating training and making sure that the training is successful. Time also consumed when training both the existing and new employees of the organization.

Recommendations for recruiting and training a diversified Workforce

The first action can be taken is including all the individuals from varied background. It is good to make sure that the cultural diversity integrated in the operation of the organizations. It assists in making sure that all employees in the organizations feel that they are valued and their contribution appreciated. The training and development should have high consideration on the utilization of both form and informal processes so that all people are included. Another recommendation is consideration of the time factor. It is very important for the employees to have in mind that time is very important factor for the success of the organization. Organization can make impact to the clients or customers if certain product or service delivered within specific time (Lokko, 2016). Expect the time for the training articulated and all the employees to adhere to time. There should be no much time taken while training and it should not be little for the completion of all the activities. It is good during the time of training to spend quality time with the employees so that their needs understood. Similarly, when there is recruitment of the workforce that is diverse, the entire team of the management is involved. For the employment of the candidate who is qualified and has relevant skills, the human resource managers should have thorough assessment. Before application of the job, the employees should make sure the skills match with the description of the job. The candidate accessed against a specific profile and make sure that the candidate is able to perform the duties and the responsibilities, which been articulated. Relevant skills and experience relating to the job, which been described is very important.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Cumming, D., Dannhauser, R., & Johan, S. (2015). Financial market misconduct and agency conflicts: A synthesis and future directions. Journal of Corporate Finance, 34, 150-168.

Lokko, H. N., Chen, J. A., Parekh, R. I., & Stern, T. A. (2016). Racial and ethnic diversity in the US psychiatric workforce: a perspective and recommendations. Academic Psychiatry, 40(6), 898-904.

Self, M. M., Wise, E. H., Beauvais, J., & Molinari, V. (2018). Ethics in training and training in ethics: Special considerations for postdoctoral fellowships in health service psychology. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 12(2), 105.

Wright, C. B., & Vanderford, N. L. (2017). What faculty-hiring committees want? Nature biotechnology, 35(9), 885.

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

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CASES

 

1. Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Broad overview: This case relates to the controversial executive order issued by President Roosevelt in World War II.  Remember from an earlier discussion, during WWII, President Roosevelt issued an order that essentially authorized the government to create internment camps and round-up people of Japanese descent to place in those camps because they were considered a threat to national security.  This case was a challenge to that executive order and involves a man from San Leandro who purposefully disobeyed this order.  Surely the Supreme Court would consider this executive order to be unconstitutional…right???  See below for the answer.

Your task: If this case sounds interesting, read/watch the material below.  While you are reading/watching, be able to do the following

· Identify the important facts of the case; meaning, what is this case about? (More detailed than what I provided above.)

· What is the outcome of the case?

· What, in your opinion, is the significance of the case?  What do you think about the outcome of the case?

1. https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-korematsu-v-us

2. https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/korematsu-a-decision-that-will-live-in-infamy/

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Roe v. Wade (1973)

Broad overview: This is one of the most famous Supreme Court cases of all time.  The Roe v. Wade case was the decision that legalized abortion throughout the country.  Prior to this decision, states had laws criminalizing and restricting access to abortions.  An interesting aspect of this case is the role that privacy rights played in the Court’s decision and how the 14th amendment was used as justification for legalizing abortions.  See below for more information on why the Court decided to overturn state laws which had made abortions illegal.

Your task:  If this case sounds interesting, read/watch the material below.  While you are reading/watching, be able to do the following

· Identify the important facts of the case; meaning, what is this case about? (More detailed than what I provided above.)

· What is the outcome of the case?

· What, in your opinion, is the significance of the case?  What do you think about the outcome of the case?

Case information: 

1. https://www.cnn.com/2013/11/04/us/roe-v-wade-fast-facts/index.html

2. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roe-v-wade

3. https://www.vox.com/2019/5/10/18564436/ohio-abortion-bill-law-alabama-georgia-details

Interestingly, this case has been the source of some recent cases that are attempting at either changing the decision or at least weakening it:

https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/4/19/18412384/abortion-heartbeat-bill-georgia-louisiana-ohio-2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Murphy v. NCAA (2018)

Brief overview:  Are you a gambling man or woman?? Well, this case might interest you!  Prior to 2018, sports gambling was very tightly restricted and regulated.  In 1992, Congress passed a law outlawing state-based sports gambling, with the exception of the states of Nevada, Delaware, Oregon, and Montana.  These states had already legalized gambling in their states before 1992.  However, there were some states that thought this was unfair and infringed on their states’ right to make their own laws. Who won and what were the consequences? Find out below!

Your task:  If this case sounds interesting, read/watch the material below.  While you are reading/watching, be able to do the following

· Identify the important facts of the case; meaning, what is this case about? (More detailed than what I provided above.)

· What is the outcome of the case?

· What, in your opinion, is the significance of the case?  What do you think about the outcome of the case?

Case information: 

1. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2017/16-476

 

2. https://www.theregreview.org/2018/07/10/somin-federalism-comes-out-winner-murphy-v-ncaa/

3. https://www.scotusblog.com/2018/05/opinion-analysis-justices-strike-down-federal-sports-gambling-law/

 

4. https://thehill.com/opinion/judiciary/387653-murphy-v-ncaa-its-about-much-more-than-gambling-on-sports

 

 

4. Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Broad overview:  This incredibly important case deals with campaign finances.  Prior to 2010, there were very specific restrictions and regulations on what businesses and corporations could do to help people who were running for office.  Essentially, corporations were unable to spend money that helped someone get elected.  A central question in this was “is it Constitutional to have these kinds of limits?”  Another interesting question that comes from this case is “does the 1st Amendment protect corporations and does it also protect money?”  See below for how the Supreme Court answered those questions.

Your task:  If this case sounds interesting, read/watch the material below.  While you are reading/watching, be able to do the following

· Identify the important facts of the case; meaning, what is this case about? (More detailed than what I provided above.)

· What is the outcome of the case?

· What, in your opinion, is the significance of the case?  What do you think about the outcome of the case?

Case information:

1. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2008/08-205

2. https://www.britannica.com/event/Citizens-United-v-Federal-Election-Commission

 

3. http://www.cc.com/video-clips/u9n4jn/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-supreme-corp

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Trump v. Hawaii (2018)

Broad overview: This recent case deals with President Trump’s travel ban that was previously discussed.  Again, this executive order dealt with the president’s desire to ban people from certain countries from entering the US.  After the president issued this executive order a group of states, led by Hawaii, moved to block the executive order from being enforced on the grounds that they believed it violated the Constitution and was an abuse of presidential power.  There was also the belief that the president was targeting these countries simply because they were Muslim-majority countries.  See below for how the Supreme Court resolved this debate.

Your task:  If this case sounds interesting, read/watch the material below.  While you are reading/watching, be able to do the following

· Identify the important facts of the case; meaning, what is this case about? (More detailed than what I provided above.)

· What is the outcome of the case?

· What, in your opinion, is the significance of the case?  What do you think about the outcome of the case?

Case information: 

1. https://ballotpedia.org/Trump_v._Hawaii

2. https://www.vox.com/2018/6/26/17492410/travel-muslim-ban-supreme-court-ruling

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Broad overview:  This case deals with the issue of same-sex marriage.  Prior to 2015, states were allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to legalize same-sex marriage.  Some states allowed it, and some states did not.  However, there was a lot of debate over whether states should have this power and it created a complicated situation where people in some states could get married but people in other states could not.  The central issue is whether this violated the Constitution, more specifically the Equal Protection clause in the 14th amendment.  See below for how the Supreme Court answered that.

Your task:  If this case sounds interesting, read/watch the material below.  While you are reading/watching, be able to do the following

· Identify the important facts of the case; meaning, what is this case about? (More detailed than what I provided above.)

· What is the outcome of the case?

· What, in your opinion, is the significance of the case?  What do you think about the outcome of the case?

Case information: 

1. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2014/14-556

2. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/576/14-556/

 

3. https://www.vox.com/2015/6/26/8851699/gay-marriage-scotus-decision-obergefell-v-hodges

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Department of Commerce v. New York (2019)

Broad overview: This recently decided case deals with the Trump administration’s desire to place a question on the 2002 Census that asks about citizenship status (the Department of Commerce is the federal agency that oversees the census).  The Trump administration maintains that this would be important and valuable information and will not be used for purposes of deportations, but many states, like New York, feared that this is a form of voter suppression and would lead to certain communities and states being undercounted.

Your task:  If this case sounds interesting, read/watch the material below.  While you are reading/watching, be able to do the following

· Identify the important facts of the case; meaning, what is this case about? (More detailed than what I provided above.)

· Do you agree with the outcome of the case?

· What, in your opinion, is the significance of the case and how might it have an impact on our society/government?

Case information: 

1. https://www.vox.com/2019/4/23/18511060/supreme-court-census-citizenship-2020

2. https://www.vox.com/2019/6/27/18761016/supreme-court-census-citizenship-opinion-decision

Analyze and explain the challenges with freedom of speech.

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Research, review and analyze Korb v. Raytheon, 707 F.Supp. 63 (D.Mass. 1989). Based on your research and the case, write a 5-6 page paper in which you:

  1. Analyze and evaluate each case independently by providing the following (about two paragraphs per case):
  • Facts of the case
  • Issues
  • Rule
  1. Analyze and explain the challenges with freedom of speech.
  2. Analyze and explain any challenges with freedom of information.
  3. Analyze and explain any challenges with employment law.
  4. Analyze and discuss the public perceptions of Raytheon and its influence with the Department of Defense.
  5. Analyze and discuss any fraud or misrepresentation on either side of the case.
  6. Provide at least four (4) additional court cases that support your analysis.

Your assignment must:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.