Political Science Power Point

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America’s Healthcare Issue 1

 

America’s Healthcare Issue 3

America’s Healthcare Issue

There is a lot of controversy surrounding the issue of reproductive rights and abortion specifically in relation to Planned Parenthood, a non-profit organization providing cancer screenings, annual examinations and other health care services such as birth control, pregnancy tests and abortion at lower costs. The debate has been centered on two perspectives, where one side considers access to reproductive rights and abortion services a basic human right that women should be granted access to, while the pro-life side views abortion as morally wrong and has been urging the government to defund Planned Parenthood entirely and use the taxes elsewhere. According to a CNN news article by Merica (2017), ‘3% of the services it [Planned Parenthood] provides are abortions’, thereby suggesting the remaining 97% are related to other health care service that majority of the American population benefits from.

Perhaps instead of focusing on restricting funding to organizations that provide these services, two simply but far more effective strategies that could be used as a means of resolving the conflict are those of increasing access to birth control and ensuring the provision of a comprehensive sexual education. According to an article by Cartas (2016), 27 states across the U.S are never exposed to the concept of using birth control and are simply taught about abstinence. They never formally learn about the realities of unplanned pregnancies and STD’s. Furthermore, the implementation of a nation-wide initiative that helps in the expansion of the eligibility of free contraception. A Brooking Institution policy brief revealed that states that used this this policy were ultimately experienced a significant reduction in the number of sexually-active women who have unprotected sex hinting at a significant reduction in the number of unplanned pregnancies and abortions. (Douthat, 2009)

While providing sex education is a great strategy to increase the overall awareness amongst the general public, unplanned pregnancies and abortion cannot be reduced unless an improvement is made in the access of birth control. An active collaborative effort is necessary on the part of federal, state and local government in order to put such an initiative in to action. The federal, state and local governments need to devise a strategy that specifically allocates more funding towards birth control strategies, rather than eliminating centers/ organizations that already provide access to healthcare to a vast majority of the population.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Merica, D. (2017). Trump privately signs anti-Planned Parenthood law. CNN. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/13/politics/donald-trump-planned-parenthood money/

Caratas, N. (2016). A Solution to The Abortion Debate. Odyssey. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/solution-to-abortion-issue

Douthat, R. (2009). How Do You Solve a Problem Like Abortion? The Atlantic. Retrieved 15 April 2017, from https://www.theatlantic.com/personal/archive/2009/02/how-do-you solve-a-problem-like-abortion/55991/

LB BUDGET PUBLIC ADMIN

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Review the Long Beach FY 2017 adopted budget again and respond to several related questions. Respond to the following questions with full and comprehensive responses.  Responses may be two or three paragraphs in length and the total document no more than 3 to 4 pages. APA

 

http://longbeach.gov/finance/city-budget-and-finances/budget/budget-documents/

 

1. What are the three largest revenue sources for Long Beach’s General Fund and explain whether or not each represents a stable, reliable and predictable source of revenue for the City?

2. Name two general types or broad categories of expenditures (i.e., objects of expenditures) for Long Beach General Fund budget and indicate how much they have grown or decreased as a percent from FY 2015 to FY 2017 and whether or not that represents a threat or boost for the City’s financial stability.

3. How can you tell whether the City’s budget is balanced?

4. Provide an example of resources transferred from one fund to another fund in this budget and explain what purpose this transfer serves.

5. Identify two performance measures from one of the City departments and briefly explain how they might be used in making budget decisions.

 

6. What is the minimum amount the City budgeted for General Fund reserves in FY 2017 and do you believe it is adequate?

Ultimate Hacker

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Ian MacDougall Hacking, born February 18, 1936, is a Canadian philosopher specializing in the philosophy of science. Throughout his career, he has won numerous awards, such as the Killam Prize for the Humanities and the Balzan Prize, and been a member of many prestigious groups, including the Order of Canada, the Royal Society of Canada and the British Academy.

 

Contents

[hide]

  • 1Life
  • 2Works
  • 3Awards and lectures
  • 4Selected works
    • 4.1Books
    • 4.2Chapters in books
    • 4.3Articles
  • 5References
  • 6External links

 

Life[edit]

Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, he earned undergraduate degrees from the University of British Columbia (1956) and the University of Cambridge (1958), where he was a student at Trinity College, Cambridge. Hacking also earned his PhD at Cambridge (1962), under the direction of Casimir Lewy, a former student of Ludwig Wittgenstein.[1]

He started his teaching career as an instructor at Princeton University in 1960 but, after just one year, moved to the University of Virginia as an assistant professor. After working as a research fellow at Cambridge from 1962 to 1964, he taught at his alma mater, UBC, first as an assistant professor and later as an associate professor from 1964 to 1969. He became a lecturer at Cambridge in 1969 before shifting to Stanford University in 1974. After teaching for several years at Stanford, he spent a year at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Bielefeld, Germany, from 1982 to 1983. Hacking was promoted to Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto in 1983 and University Professor, the highest honour the University of Toronto bestows on faculty, in 1991.[1] From 2000 to 2006, he held the Chair of Philosophy and History of Scientific Concepts at the Collège de France. Hacking is the first Anglophone to be elected to a permanent chair in the Collège’s history.[2] After retiring from the Collège de France, Hacking was a Professor of Philosophy at UC Santa Cruz, from 2008 to 2010. He concluded his teaching career in 2011 as a visiting professor at the University of Cape Town and currently spends his days tending to his inner-city garden in Toronto with his wife, Judith Baker.[1]

Works[edit]

Influenced by debates involving Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, Paul Feyerabend and others, Hacking is known for bringing a historical approach to the philosophy of science. The fourth edition (2010) of Feyerabend’s 1975 book Against Method, and the 50th anniversary edition (2012) of Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions include an Introduction by Hacking. He is sometimes described as a member of the “Stanford School” in philosophy of science, a group that also included John Dupré, Nancy Cartwright and Peter Galison. Hacking himself still identifies as a Cambridge analytic philosopher. Hacking has been a main proponent of a realism about science called “entity realism.” This form of realism encourages a realistic stance towards answers to the scientific unknowns hypothesized by mature sciences, but skepticism towards scientific theories. Hacking has also been influential in directing attention to the experimental and even engineering practices of science, and their relative autonomy from theory. Because of this, Hacking moved philosophical thinking a step further than the initial historical, but heavily theory-focused, turn of Kuhn and others.[3]

After 1990, Hacking shifted his focus somewhat from the natural sciences to the human sciences, partly under the influence of the work of Michel Foucault. Foucault was an influence as early as 1975 when Hacking wrote Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy? and The Emergence of Probability. In the latter book, Hacking proposed that the modern schism between subjective or personalistic probability, and the long-run frequency interpretation, emerged in the early modern era as an epistemological “break” involving two incompatible models of uncertainty and chance. As history, the idea of a sharp break has been criticized, but competing ‘frequentist’ and ‘subjective’ interpretations of probability still remain today. Foucault’s approach to knowledge systems and power is also reflected in Hacking’s work on the historical mutability of psychiatric disorders and institutional roles for statistical reasoning in the 19th century. He labels his approach to the human sciences “dynamic nominalism” (or, alternately, “dialectical realism”), a historicised form of nominalism that traces the mutual interactions over time between the phenomena of the human world and our conceptions and classifications of them.[4]

In Rewriting the Soul: Multiple Personality and the Sciences of Memory, by developing a historical ontology of multiple personality disorder, Hacking provides a discussion of how people are constituted by the descriptions of acts available to them (see Acting under a description).

In Mad Travelers (1998) Hacking provided a historical account of the effects of a medical condition known as fugue in the late 1890s. Fugue, also known as “mad travel,” is a diagnosable type of insanity in which European men would walk in a trance for hundreds of miles without knowledge of their identities.

Awards and lectures[edit]

In 2002, Hacking was awarded the first Killam Prize for the Humanities, Canada’s most distinguished award for outstanding career achievements. He was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 2004. Hacking was appointed visiting professor at University of California, Santa Cruz for the Winters of 2008 and 2009. On August 25, 2009, Hacking was named winner of the Holberg International Memorial Prize, a Norwegian award for scholarly work in the arts and humanities, social sciences, law and theology.[5] Hacking was chosen for his work on how statistics and the theory of probability have shaped society.

In 2003, he gave the The Sigmund H. Danziger, Jr. Memorial Lecture in the Humanities, and in 2010 he gave the René Descartes Lectures at the Tilburg Center for Logic and Philosophy of Science (TiLPS).007. Hacking also gave the Howison lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, on the topic of mathematics and its sources in human behavior (‘Proof, Truth, Hands and Mind’) in 2010. In 2012, Hacking was awarded the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art, and in 2014 he was awarded the Balzan Prize.[6

  1. some times the hacker makes a lots  of money by doing work on computers they can hack every electronic things..

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibits racial discrimination in home

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This week, our topic was civil rights and liberties.  Watch NOW, the PBS news show from February 6, 2009 at  http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/506/index.html  (half hour program) that discusses the foreclosure problem in American cities that caused the Great Recession, starting in 2008.  The program talks about the use of a technique called “Reverse Redlining.”  Redlining is the policy banks use to avoid lending to the inner-city poor who live in certain  neighborhoods – banks will literally put a “red line” on the city map around a poor neighborhood and will not lend to homeowners in that area.  “Reverse Redlining” is the practice of banks and other financial institutions targeting these areas with predatory lending practices – trying to give loans (subprime mortgages) to people of  lesser means, some of whom should not have been given credit in the first place, while others would have qualified for conventional prime home loans.  African Americans and other minorities have been disproportionately affected by Reverse Redlining policies in America’s inner cities (African Americans are 3 times more likely to have been offered subprime mortgages than other Americans, even African Americans with higher incomes).  People with subprime mortgages on their homes were 8 times more likely to default than people with conventional prime home mortgages during this crisis, which unfortunately continues in the present for many Americans still struggling.  Between 30% to 50% of people who received subprime mortgages actually would have qualified for safer, conventional prime mortgages.  So these facts bring race into the picture as banks are being accused of having racially targeted individuals, which is against the law.   The Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibits racial discrimination in home financing.  Most Americans do not understand the intricacies of credit and contracts, so there is the ethical question of how responsible banks were to have lent money to people who now can no longer pay, especially now that their subprime loans have become a burden because they have readjusted to higher rates of interest.  Most borrowers were not aware that the money they were borrowing would readjust to higher rates of interest after a period of time (adjustable rate mortgages).  More recently, in April 2014, Myron Orfield of the Institute on Metropolitan Opportunity at the University of Minnesota Law School, published a study about our own area, the Twin Cities, about Unequal Treatment of Communities of Color in Mortgage Lending: http://www.startribune.com/u-of-m-study-sees-signs-of-mortgage-redlining-in-twin-cities/254464331/.

Please respond in your posting to the following questions:

1) how responsible are banks and other financial institutions for the subprime mortgage foreclosure catastrophe in America?  Many financial institutions have been sued, and several judgments have been handed down against the mortgage industry, including a decision involving law suits by 49 state attorney generals (https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-government-and-state-attorneys-general-reach-25-billion-agreement-five-largest), as well as a suit involving federal regulators regarding improper practices by mortgage lenders in foreclosure proceedings.  Predatory lending practice accusations have also been lodged by the Justice Department, resulting in a 2012 judgment against Wells Fargo, although Wells Fargo admits no wrongdoing: http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2012/0712/Wells-Fargo-to-pay-175M-in-discrimination-lawsuit.  Another example of suits by local governments against discriminatory lending practices include this example against Bank of America http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eric-t-schneiderman/bank-of-america-deal-a-vi_b_5698608.html.

2) as this foreclosure problem has affected African Americans and people of color at a much higher rate than other Americans, should the courts continue to look to the violation of the rights of African Americans and other targeted minorities in order to provide a remedy to this problem?  The financial crisis caused an increase in the wealth gap between minority families and other Americans, which now stands at 13:1: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/.

3) how can we move forward in the financial services industry to avoid these problems in the future?  What can we learn from studying our own local area?  In October 2015, new rules by the Consumer Protection Financial Bureau were implemented to simplify the mortgage process for first-time home buyers: http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/yourmoney/sc-millennial-money-advice-bigda-consumer-1008-20151005-column.html.  But the situation is far from over: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/americas-foreclosure-crisis-isnt-over/.  Also, here are a few recent stories of fallout from the Financial Crisis: http://www.npr.org/2016/05/22/479038232/a-decade-out-from-the-mortgage-crisis-former-homeowners-still-grasp-for-stabilit?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr&utm_term=nprnews&utm_content=20160522.

Liz