Where superficial characteristics are used to form an intrinsic relationship.

Logical Fallacies ENC 1101

 

 

Non Sequitur

• “Does Not Follow” in Latin

 

 

False Cause

• Where the effect is mistakenly attributed to a cause.

 

 

Stacking the Deck

• Using evidence that only supports your claim.

 

 

False Authority

• Where the “expert” cited is not really an expert in the field.

 

 

False Analogy

• Where superficial characteristics are used to form an intrinsic relationship.

 

 

Red Herring

• A false lead or a logical distraction. Something irrelevant.

 

 

Begging the Question

• Circular logic that masks opinion as fact.

 

 

Hasty Generalization

• Quick conclusion based on superficial facts.

 

 

Bandwagon

• Assuming something is right because of popular opinion.

 

 

Ad Hominem

• An attack against the person and not the argument.

 

 

Circular Reasoning

• An argument that uses its own claim as evidence to support itself.

 

 

Either/or Fallacy

• An argument that only presents two choices where in reality there are other options.

 

  • Logical Fallacies
  • Non Sequitur
  • False Cause
  • Stacking the Deck
  • False Authority
  • False Analogy
  • Red Herring
  • Begging the Question
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Bandwagon
  • Ad Hominem
  • Circular Reasoning
  • Either/or Fallacy

Sentencing Options

Overview In this assignment, you review various aspects of the correctional system by comparing and contrasting different sanctions as well as the history of punishment.

Objectives 1. Compare/Contrast the differences between probation and parole (I, IX) 2. Analyze the different types of sanctions that apply to a case (IX) 4. Describe major issues that prisons/prisoners face today (IX)

Instructions For this assignment, write a sentencing report that compares and contrasts the different sentencing options for the offenders in the module’s interactive Exploration based upon readings in the textbook and outside research. The report should include the following:

1. overview of the different sanctions in the textbook

2. your opinion on which option would work best for the offender (please be specific)

3. research on the success rates in relation to our case

4. future issues facing our offender and how the system can reduce recidivism for our offender

2 – 4 pages 1 inch margins

11 pt. Times New Roman Font

Double spaced  Well-written with proper grammar, punctuation, etc.

APA Style; referencing and citations

Refer to the CRJ Resources webpage for research sources, as well as help in developing your intext citations and references.

4 – Assignment 1: Sentencing Options

Overview In this assignment, you review various aspects of the correctional system by comparing and contrasting different sanctions as well as the history of punishment.

Objectives 1. Compare/Contrast the differences between probation and parole (I, IX) 2. Analyze the different types of sanctions that apply to a case (IX) 4. Describe major issues that prisons/prisoners face today (IX)

Instructions For this assignment, write a sentencing report that compares and contrasts the different sentencing options for the offenders in the module’s interactive Exploration based upon readings in the textbook and outside research. The report should include the following:

 overview of the different sanctions in the textbook

 your opinion on which option would work best for the offender (please be specific)

 research on the success rates in relation to our case

 future issues facing our offender and how the system can reduce recidivism for our offender

Formatting Requirements  2 – 4 pages

 1 inch margins

 11 pt. Times New Roman Font

 Double spaced

 Well-written with proper grammar, punctuation, etc.

 APA Style; referencing and citations

 Refer to the CRJ Resources webpage for research sources, as well as help in developing your in- text citations and references.

Deliverable  Word document – saved as CRJ110_M4_Assign1_firstnamelastname

See the Schedule and Course Rubrics in the Syllabus Module for due dates and grading

information. When you are finished, attach your document to the assignment folder and upload it.

 

http://ccconline.libguides.com/criminaljustice

Discussion 2: Documents And Website Content As Data Sources For A Qualitative Study 8310

Websites and social media sites can provide important sources of data that will help expand your understanding of the stakeholders who are connected to the phenomena you are exploring.

Walden has devoted an entire website to making visible its actions and activities about social change. At the social change website, you will find videos, annual reports, text, and images. As you explore this data source, consider what text, images, and reports you would like to include as part of your data analysis exercise.

To prepare for this Discussion:

  • Choose one of the three social change literature review articles found in this week’s Learning Resources and review the article in detail.
  • Explore the Walden Social Change website and locate an additional document, video, or webpage that will inform your understanding of the meaning of positive social change. Reflect on any additional sources you find.
  • Next, write field notes based on the information you gathered from the Walden social change website and any other documents or websites that might inform your changing impressions about the meaning of positive social change.
  • Finally, review the media programs related to coding and consider how you will use this information to support this Discussion. Note: In your Excel Video Coding template there is a tab for your website data. Use this tab to place your content and codes for the website.

ASSIGNMENT 

 

Prepare a brief explanation of your understanding of the meaning of positive social change thus far. Refer to the additional sources you have reviewed this week, and comment on how they are shaping your experience. Use the data you gathered from your analytic memo to support your explanation.

Be sure to support your main post and response post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA style.

 

Required Readings

Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chapter 1, “An Introduction to Codes and Coding” (pp. 1–42)
Chapter 2, “Writing Analytic Memos About Narrative and Visual Data” (pp. 43–65)

Ravitch, S. M., & Carl, N. M. (2016). Qualitative research: Bridging the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chapter 7, “An Integrative Approach to Data Analysis” (pp. 215–236)
Chapter 8, “Methods and Processes of Data Analysis” (pp. 237–270)

Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chapter 12, “Data Analysis in the Responsive Interviewing Model” (pp. 189–211)

The following articles are examples of literature reviews on the aspects of social change. Choose one of the articles for this week’s Discussion 2.

Thomas, E.F., MCGarty, C., & Mavor, K.I. (2009). Transforming “Apathy into movement”: The role of prosocial emotions in motivation action for social change. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 13(4), 310-333.

Kezar, A. (2014). Higher education change and social networks: A review of the research. Journal of Higher Education, 85(1), 91-125.

Aguinis, H. & Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and don’t know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4). 932-968.

Walden University. (2015). Social change. Retrieved from https://www.waldenu.edu/about/social-change

As you review this website, think about Walden’s meaning of social change and how this website will guide you as you consider positive social change for your Major Assignment 2.far. Refer to the additional sources you have reviewed this week, and comment on how they are shaping your experience. Use the data you gathered from your analytic memo to support your explanation.

 

Example student 1

Discussion 2-Week 5

Social change is contextual. It can mean changing organizational culture that leads to transformational outcomes [Walden University, 2015] or it could mean advancing the greater global good [Walden University, 2015]. Positive social change is a fluid concept and depending upon the social identity of the person effecting the change his/her motives drive what kind of change will result from action as well as inaction (Thomas, McGarty, & Mavor, 2009). Social change can be driven by individuals, groups, and organizations. The relationships that develop amongst, and between these levels within institutions also influence social outcomes (Aguinis & Glavas, 2012).

After viewing videos, listening to pod casts, and reviewing articles I believe social change is a combination of motives, personal accountability, desired outcomes, and world views. Social change occurs when ontology coupled with education work in concert to create an environment that betters people’s lives. The environment that results from impactful, positive social change will not only improve the physical, emotional, socio-economic circumstances of the disadvantaged group; it will also unite them with the advantaged group, even if only for the short term (Thomas et al., 2009).  Together, in groups and out groups can create platforms that give disenfranchised individuals a voice, a seat at the table where their futures are being decided (Creswell, 2009; Thomas et al., 2009).

The resources reviewed for this week’s discussion post have helped me realize that I am not as enlightened about social change and social responsibility as I thought. I am hoping that my story is unique enough to influence others to consider how their actions impact their communities, but I am still on that journey (Simmons, 2006).  I have an obligation to leave this world a better place than I found it but how will I do that? Positive, social change is transformational not transactional (Northouse, 2013). I desire to be a true change agent; a person who strives for long lasting reform for marginalized people and groups (Creswell, 2009). This goal will be achieved only when either working alone or within a group I commit myself to creating inclusive strategies and new normals for everyday interactions (Thomas et al., 2009).

References

Aguinis, H. & Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and don’t know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 38(4), 932-968.

Creswell, J.W. (2009). Research design:Qualitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Northouse, P.G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Simmons, A. (2006). The Story Factor. (Rev. ed.). Cambridge, MA: Basic Books.

Thomas, E.F., McGarty, C., & Mavor, K.I. (2009). Transforming “Apathy into movement” :The role of prosocial emotions in motivation action for social change. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 13(4), 310-333.

Walden University. (2015). Social change. Retrieved from https://www.waldenu.edu/about/social-change

Example 2

The Qualitative Analysis Impact for Social Change

Blanca Garcia

Walden University-RSCH-8310

Dr. Joshua Ozymy

A Qualitative Overview for Literature, Videos

The Right To Remain Silent

 

Prior to beginning your written assignment, read the Fifth Amendment (Links to an external site.) article, the Competency to Waive Fifth Amendment Rights during Custodial Interview (Links to an external site.) article, You Might Have the Right to Remain Silent: An Erosion of the Fifth Amendment With the Use of Pre-arrest Silence article, and the Miranda v. Arizona, 386 U.S. 436 (1966) court decision.

Read the following case scenario:

The former Sameer Shariff, a Saudi Arabian national who changed his name to “The Left Hand of God” and is known to his followers as “Hand,” is a suspected terrorist. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agents believe that he is planning an imminent attack somewhere in Capital City. Under duress to prevent the attack, three DHS agents and three FBI agents storm into Hand’s house, burst into his bedroom, where he is in bed with a woman, and point shotguns at him. They demand to know what he is planning. No Miranda warnings are read. Hand tells them that he has hired Alex “Boom Boom” Jaxon, a known explosives expert, to plant a bomb in the Capital City Arena, with a timer to go off in three hours when the arena will be filled with over 20,000 people for a music concert.

Jaxon is known to the police and is in Central City, which is two hours away. He is arrested by Central City police and calls his lawyer in Capital City, who tells him he will meet him there and to remain silent. The lawyer then tells Central City police that they are not to question Jaxon until they arrive in Capital City and the lawyer is present.

Central City Police Officer McFadden drives Jaxon to Capital City. McFadden knows that DHS, FBI, and Capital City police are searching the arena, but McFadden is afraid they will not find the bomb in time. By the time that McFadden and Jaxon arrive in Central city, the concert hall is already full of audience members, and the show is set to begin in twenty minutes.

McFadden, who knows Jaxon’s family from previous police contacts, tells Jaxon that his mother and two brothers, who have been surveilled by the police for the last six weeks, are at the concert and will die if the bomb goes off. Jaxon leads McFadden to the bomb, which is defused. A crying Jaxon states that his purpose was to kill infidels, but he would never harm his family.

Research Fifth Amendment cases, including Miranda v. Arizona, 386 U.S. 436 (1966), which involves custodial interrogation and the right against self-incrimination.

In your paper,

  • Determine whether Hand was entitled to Miranda warnings.
  • Explain whether the fact that Hand was not a citizen of the United States affects his rights in relation to the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent.
  • Identify whether Hand’s questioning was custodial.
  • Explain whether McFadden’s statement abouthis family constitutes custodial interrogation.
  • Evaluate whether Hand’s statement can be used against him in a court of law.
  • Explain whether Jaxon’s statement be used against him in a court of law.
  • Determine whether Jaxon can testify against Hand.

The Right to Remain Silent paper

  • Must be 750 to 1,000 words in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.)
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
    • For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.).
  • Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.) resource for additional guidance.
  • Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.
    • For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions (Links to an external site.) as well as Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources.
  • Must use at least three court cases and one scholarly source.
    • The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.
    • To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, view this Ashford University Library Quick ‘n’ Dirty (Links to an external site.) tutorial, which introduces the Ashford University Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.
  • Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.)
  •  (Links to an external site.)Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. See the Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resource in the Ashford Writing Center for specifications.Prior to beginning your written assignment, read the Fifth Amendment (Links to an external site.) article, the Competency to Waive Fifth Amendment Rights during Custodial Interview (Links to an external site.) article, You Might Have the Right to Remain Silent: An Erosion of the Fifth Amendment With the Use of Pre-arrest Silence article, and the Miranda v. Arizona, 386 U.S. 436 (1966) court decision.

    Read the following case scenario:

    The former Sameer Shariff, a Saudi Arabian national who changed his name to “The Left Hand of God” and is known to his followers as “Hand,” is a suspected terrorist. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agents believe that he is planning an imminent attack somewhere in Capital City. Under duress to prevent the attack, three DHS agents and three FBI agents storm into Hand’s house, burst into his bedroom, where he is in bed with a woman, and point shotguns at him. They demand to know what he is planning. No Miranda warnings are read. Hand tells them that he has hired Alex “Boom Boom” Jaxon, a known explosives expert, to plant a bomb in the Capital City Arena, with a timer to go off in three hours when the arena will be filled with over 20,000 people for a music concert.

    Jaxon is known to the police and is in Central City, which is two hours away. He is arrested by Central City police and calls his lawyer in Capital City, who tells him he will meet him there and to remain silent. The lawyer then tells Central City police that they are not to question Jaxon until they arrive in Capital City and the lawyer is present.

    Central City Police Officer McFadden drives Jaxon to Capital City. McFadden knows that DHS, FBI, and Capital City police are searching the arena, but McFadden is afraid they will not find the bomb in time. By the time that McFadden and Jaxon arrive in Central city, the concert hall is already full of audience members, and the show is set to begin in twenty minutes.

    McFadden, who knows Jaxon’s family from previous police contacts, tells Jaxon that his mother and two brothers, who have been surveilled by the police for the last six weeks, are at the concert and will die if the bomb goes off. Jaxon leads McFadden to the bomb, which is defused. A crying Jaxon states that his purpose was to kill infidels, but he would never harm his family.

    Research Fifth Amendment cases, including Miranda v. Arizona, 386 U.S. 436 (1966), which involves custodial interrogation and the right against self-incrimination.

    In your paper,

    · Determine whether Hand was entitled to Miranda warnings.

    · Explain whether the fact that Hand was not a citizen of the United States affects his rights in relation to the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent.

    · Identify whether Hand’s questioning was custodial.

    · Explain whether McFadden’s statement abouthis family constitutes custodial interrogation.

    · Evaluate whether Hand’s statement can be used against him in a court of law.

    · Explain whether Jaxon’s statement be used against him in a court of law.

    · Determine whether Jaxon can testify against Hand.

     

    The Right to Remain Silent paper

    · Must be 750 to 1,000 words in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.)

    · Must include a separate title page with the following:

    · Title of paper

    · Student’s name

    · Course name and number

    · Instructor’s name

    · Date submitted

    For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.).

    · Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.) resource for additional guidance.

    · Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.

    · For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions (Links to an external site.) as well as Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources.

    · Must use at least three court cases and one scholarly source.

    · The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.

    · To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, view this Ashford University Library Quick ‘n’ Dirty (Links to an external site.) tutorial, which introduces the Ashford University Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.

    · Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.)

    ·  (Links to an external site.)Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. See the Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) resource in the Ashford Writing Center for specifications.