Historical & Cultural Context Of The Statue Of Pharaoh Ramesses II Enthroned

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WRITING ASSIGNMENT 2

CONTEXUTALIZING A WORK OF ART This assignment involves putting the work of art you chose for Assignment 1 back into its historical and cultural context. This paper should be approximately 5-6 pages in length (SEE General Information & Writing Guidelines on Blackboard for further format instructions). v GOALS: You are not looking to study the specific work of art you wrote about for Paper #1 so much as to relate it to its broader cultural context. In fact, you are not likely to find information directly about the Houston work. [If you do, be sure you also answer the following bigger questions] This assignment asks you to discuss the subject and the religious, social, and political or other cultural context of the work of art you wrote about in Assignment 1 in order to put it back into that context. o CRITICAL THINKING: As you do your research and look again at the work you selected to write about, be sure to define a thesis to guide you. The thesis could be a question or a particular issue that you want to find out about in relation to this object. ALSO: Think about the sources you are using as making an argument, not only as sources of information. What assumptions might they be making? Do different sources give different perspectives on the work or its role in its culture? What do you find compelling or, in contrast, not convincing based on what you have learned in the course.

v RESEARCH: What does the object tell us about the culture and people from which it comes?

v TIP: Think of taking the work out of the museum and putting it back into the world from which it came. INTEGRATE the visual analysis of the work you did for your first assignment (revised, using feedback from the grader, and selected to be relevant) into a new paper that explains how the work of art you chose reflects its original cultural context. DO NOT CUT AND PASTE your previous paper word for word.

v RESEARCH TIPS & PREPARATION FOR WRITING LOOK FOR THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION

Ø ID the type of work you wrote about for Assignment 1 and the parts of its culture to which it relates. Since you are not likely to find many (if

 

 

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any) sources that deal directly with the exact object you are working on, these will be your starting points for research

Ø TO GUIDE YOUR RESEARCH & WRITING, CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS in relation to your work of art: o What kind of function or purpose might this work have served for its culture and what did it mean for the people of that culture? § Was the work connected to the culture’s religious practices or beliefs?

§ Is it related to the political structure or to power politics? § Is it related to the social structure of the society? § Is it connected with specific historical events or circumstances of the work’s time and place?

§ Be specific about the social, cultural ideas, experiences, or values the piece reflects

o Investigate the subject matter, but don’t go overboard with details that don’t contribute to the goal of this assignment! (you may have to drop some of the details you had put in Assignment 1) Make sure you can relate the subject matter to the culture and the part of the culture it addresses. § Is it a figurative theme (represent people, buildings, animals, plants) or purely decorative – eg plant forms or geometric or organic shapes; or just lines?

§ Is it related to the religious system or beliefs of the culture?

SOURCES

Use your textbook AND a minimum of TWO OTHER SOURCES [See Choosing, Using, and Citing Sources on Blackboard for information about acceptable types of sources to use]

These sources may include:

Ø RECOMMENDED OR REQUIRED READINGS on Blackboard Ø E-BOOKS (equivalent to printed books) Ø NO MORE THAN HALF OF ALL THE SOURCES YOU USE MAY BE FROM THE INTERNET and the internet sources you use MUST be connected with a MUSEUM, UNIVERSITY or other ACADEMIC site. (usually .org OR .edu)

 

 

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o See CHOOSING, USING AND CITING SOURCES for more detailed information on acceptable types of sources and how to use and create citations acknowledging your use of them

Ø FINDING BOOKS AND ARTICLES Ø Here is an online research guide put together by the Arts Librarian: https://guides.lib.uh.edu/c.php?g=432806&p=4612923

Ø GO TO: http://libraries.uh.edu/branches/jenkins/ Ø SCROLL DOWN TO: Research Tools

o SELECT Art Databases Ø CHOOSE FROM (or try several!)

o Art Full Text (art history journals with articles on line) OR o JSTOR (on-line journals with articles in various disciplines, including art history but also history, religion, etc)

o Oxford Art Online (encyclopedia written by art historians and acceptable for art history papers)

Ø Do a Keyword or use “Boolean” searches (using two words with AND or OR between them are often better than simple subject searches as they usually produce more focused and useful results o Examples: Hellenistic AND sculpture; Greek AND bronze AND sculpture; Roman AND sarcophagus; Roman AND sculpture

Ø USING SOURCES FROM THE INTERNET (other than the databases you can find on the Art & Architecture Library website) ONLY those associated with a museum or university will be accepted for papers in this course. These can be identified by the url that ends in .org for museums or .edu for universities

Ø Here are some good places to search for general background information on the type of object you are writing about and the culture from which it comes o OXFORD ART ONLINE (remember Wikipedia is NOT an

acceptable source for a college paper – See CHOOSING, USING, AND CITING SOURCES)

o The Metropolitan Museum of Art: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah

o The British Museum: http://www.britishmuseum.org/default.aspx

Ø Googling a topic is not an acceptable way to find a reliable source.

 

 

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Ø RE-READ THE TEXTBOOK and other assigned readings (as well as relevant recommended readings) that pertain to the culture and type of object you have chosen. TAKE NOTES on those readings if you didn’t the first time. REVIEW the powerpoints from class relevant to the work of art you are writing about. o NOTE: If you wrote on a work of Greek pottery, BE SURE to use the Recommended Reading selection on Greek pottery as one of your sources. IF YOU WRITE ON ANY GREEK WORK OF ART, USE THE POLLITT READING on Blackboard OR the full book from which it is excerpted.

Ø WRITE DOWN THE PAGE NUMBERS from which you have taken information and/or ideas next to the material you have taken from that page. [You will need this information for your footnotes or in-text citations when you write your paper] If you are using an online source there probably will not be page numbers. o REMEMBER: If you use information or ideas of any kind from a source (including your textbook) other than class notes you must provide a citation at the end of the sentence or paragraph where you have used a source

o Make sure you understand the information and ideas and PUT THEM IN YOUR OWN WORDS. § Do not quote secondary sources, but do cite any information or ideas you get from them.

§ If you copy the words of your source into your paper that is PLAGIARISM and may lead to your failing the course. Changing just a word or two is not enough to claim it as your own.

Ø OUTLINE THE MAJOR IDEAS, VALUES & INFORMATION about the culture that you will use to put your work of art back into its original context

v WRITING YOUR PAPER: KEEP IN MIND: The goal is to write a single, coherent paper that talks about the work of art as an expression of its culture

Ø INTEGRATE o STYLISTIC ANALYSIS you did for Assignment 1 (taking into account the grader’s comments

 

 

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§ Use only those parts of your first paper that help you explain the object as a product of its cultural context

o WHAT YOU LEARNED FROM RESEARCH o INFORMATION, CONCEPTS, TERMS you have learned in the course

Ø Write a separate INTRODUCTION that identifies the work of art you discuss AND sets out your THESIS or main ideas about its cultural context and significance.

Ø Write a CONCLUSION that summarizes the main points you have made in your paper (You will lose points for “fluffy” endings that do not pull together important elements of your paper.)

Ø ADD an extra page for the Bibliography with the full bibliographic information for each source you use.

Ø USE FOOTNOTES OR IN-TEXT CITATIONS for each source and page from which you take information. If you know a standard citation format you may use it. If you don’t know a standard citation format SEE CHOOSING, USING, AND CITING SOURCES on Blackboard o You will also have to CITE THE MUSEUM WALL LABEL again for this paper

SEE Choosing, using, and Citing Sources and General Information & Guidelines on Blackboard for further details.

Submitting Your Writing Assignments We are using TURNITIN assignment tool in Blackboard as a means of detecting and preventing plagiarism. TURNITIN also records the time and date that you turn in your paper.

You WILL NOT turn in a hard copy of your paper but ONLY upload it to

TURNITIN.COM.

To post your papers on Blackboard you do NOT need a code! -Go to the course homepage on Blackboard

-Click on the computer-like link for the Assignment you want to upload -This should bring up a screen with an option to upload your paper.

 

 

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-Click Upload to submit your paper. Be sure all your pages are in one document!

BE SURE TO PRINT OUT A RECEIPT

TO SHOW THAT YOUR PAPER HAS UPLOADED CORRECTLY!

IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE UPLOADING YOUR PAPER -Immediately contact the help line at the bottom of the course Blackboard

homepage -Notify me through mail on Blackboard.

IMPERIALISM BY GERMANY AND AFRICA

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Week 1 Case Study Grading Rubric Week 1 Case Study Grading Rubric CriteriaRatings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLength 5.0 pts Meets length requirement 0.0 pts Does not meet length requirement 5.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent 10.0 pts Paper addresses all aspects of the assignment. 8.5 pts Paper addresses most aspects of the assignment. 7.5 pts Paper addresses some aspects of the assignment. 6.0 pts Paper addresses few aspects of the assignment. 0.0 pts No effort 10.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAnalysis 20.0 pts Throughout the whole work, content expresses original thoughts or interprets the subject matter in a different perspective. 17.0 pts Throughout most of the work, content expresses original thoughts or interprets the subject matter in a different perspective. 15.0 pts Throughout some of the work, content expresses original thoughts or interprets the subject matter in a different perspective. 12.0 pts Throughout little of the work, content expresses original thoughts or interprets the subject matter in a different perspective. 0.0 pts No effort 20.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSupport 20.0 pts Throughout the whole work, claims are supported with detailed and persuasive examples; accurate facts and circumstances are used for support. 17.0 pts

 

 

Throughout most of the work, claims are supported with detailed and persuasive examples; accurate facts and circumstances are used for support. 15.0 pts Throughout some of the work, claims are supported with detailed and persuasive examples; accurate facts and circumstances are used for support. 12.0 pts Throughout little of the work, claims are supported with detailed and persuasive examples; accurate facts and circumstances are used for support. 0.0 pts No effort 20.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting: Mechanics & Usage 10.0 pts The writing is free of errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation that would detract from a clear reading of the paper. 8.5 pts The writing contains a few errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, but the errors do not detract from a clear reading of the text. 7.5 pts The writing contains some errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation that need to be addressed for a clearer reading of the paper. 6.0 pts The writing contains several errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation that impede a clear reading of the paper. 0.0 pts No effort 10.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeClarity & Flow 10.0 pts The writing contains strong word choice that clarifies ideas and masterful sentence variety aids with the flow of ideas. 8.5 pts The writing contains varied word choice and sentence structures that clarify ideas and aid with the flow of ideas. 7.5 pts The writing contains word choice and sentence structures that can be revised for better clarification of ideas and flow of ideas. 6.0 pts The writing contains wording and sentence structures that are awkward and/or unclear, impeding the clarity and flow of ideas. 0.0 pts No effort 10.0 pts

 

 

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSource Integration 10.0 pts Paper includes reference to a scholarly source and properly integrates the source. 7.0 pts Paper includes reference to a scholarly source but does not properly integrate the source. 0.0 pts Paper does not make reference to a scholarly source. 10.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA: Citation and Reference Formatting 10.0 pts All sources are properly cited in the text and references page demonstrating a mastery of resource and APA citation reference format. 8.5 pts Most sources are cited in the text and references page. Some minor errors may exist in citation, but it does not interfere with understanding the source of the information. 7.5 pts Most sources are integrated, structured, and cited in the text and references page. Some errors may exist in citation that need to be addressed to clarify the source of information. 6.0 pts Sources are not properly cited in the text/references page. Formatting contains several errors that suggest a lack of understanding of APA format. 0.0 pts Sources are not cited. 10.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA Paper Format 5.0 pts Paper is formatted to include all 7 of the following: title page, references page, Times New Roman font, 12-point font, double spacing, running header, and page numbers. 4.25 pts Paper is formatted to include 6 of the following: title page, references page, Times New Roman font, 12-point font, double spacing, running header, and page numbers. 3.75 pts Paper is formatted to include 5 of the following: title page, references page, Times New Roman font, 12-point font, double spacing, running header, and page numbers. 3.0 pts Paper is formatted to include 4 of the following: title page, references page, Times New Roman font, 12-point font, double spacing, running header, and page numbers. 0.0 pts Paper is formatted to include less than 4 of the following: title page, references page, Times New Roman font, 12-point font, double spacing, running header, and page numbers. 5.0 pts Total Points: 100.0

Which best describes a major belief of Hinduism?

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QUESTION 1

1. Which was not a broad trend from 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?

 

    advanced political organization
    specialization of labor
    rise of matriarchal societies
    development of agriculture

 

2 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Which best describes a major belief of Hinduism?

    polytheism
    Stoicism
    egalitarianism
    animal sacrifice

2 points   

QUESTION 3

1. Which best describes the geographic spread of Islam?

    Muslim missionaries entered through Italy and proselytized in Europe.
    Muslim forces brought modern-day Syria and Egypt under their control.
    Islam swept through and stayed entirely on the Arabian Peninsula.
    Islam overran Jewish and Christian settlements in eastern Russia.

2 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Which was not a cause of the Great European Witch Hunt?

 

    religious divisions
    unexplained phenomena
    hatred of women
    racial prejudice

 

2 points   

QUESTION 5

1. Which best describes an economic feature of the Islamic states in East Africa?

    production of polished gemstones
    carpets and quilts fashioned for export
    exotic goods imported from China
    export of cotton textiles and indigo

2 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Which best describes the influence of the Mauryan Empire?

    It provided the region with iron weapons.
    It spread Hindu beliefs throughout India.
    It freed peasantry from oppressive rule.
    It created India’s first centralized empire.

2 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Which was a key feature of trade and urbanization during Roman times?

    well-built and secure roads and sea lanes
    shortages of food for the lower skilled workers
    lower population numbers of the middle class
    great merchants becoming the elites of Rome

2 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Which best describes the purpose for Chinese reconnaissance in the Indian Ocean?

    to retake traditional land routes such as the Silk Road
    to defeat the Ottoman Turks in their colonization of India
    to reestablish national prestige and predominance abroad
    to find an all-water route to gold-rich Africa and Arabia

2 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Which best describes the rise of the Inca Empire?

    People migrated and settled in the desolate highlands of the Andes.
    Trade with neighboring kingdoms encouraged a government takeover.
    Missionaries proselytized and converted neighboring city-states.
    A series of military campaigns led to the defeat of the Chimu kingdom.

2 points   

QUESTION 10

1. Which was not an effect of field rotation?

 

    higher productivity
    abundant harvests
    raised dietary protein
    renewed crop imports

 

2 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Which is a basic feature of a civilization?

    redistribution of land to the poor
    formal political organization
    reduction of religious rituals
    egalitarian society

2 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Which best describes a fundamental Daoist belief?

    ritual worship
    humble living
    nirvana
    monotheism

2 points   

QUESTION 13

1. Which was not a common religious belief of both Sunnis and Shiites?

 

    Submission to Allah means living by the Five Pillars of Islam.
    The teachings of Mohammed are contained in the Qur’an
    Based on Mosaic Law, abstinence from alcohol and pork is required.
    The Umayyad Caliphate has legitimate rule.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. Which best explains how Buddhist teachings affected gender roles?

    Gender segregation in worship was established.
    Women were considered subordinate to men.
    Equality for some women was restored in China.
    Women could benefit from spiritual blessings.

2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. Which describes how the Peninsulares culture was formed in the Americas?

    Peoples of pure European ancestry who were born in the Americas created a dominant class over the natives.
    Native Americans and African slaves freely mingled and produced children with a mixed ethnic heritage.
    Iberian-born Spanish families immigrated to the New World and intermarried to re-create a European-style society.
    Nearly all Spanish immigrants were male, so children came from unions with Native Americans.

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Which helped establish a common Islamic cultural foundation?

    The ulama resolved public disputes based on sharia.
    Mosques were built throughout dar al-Islam.
    Anti-Sufism unified peoples in the Islamic world.
    The pilgrimage to Medina attracted all believers.

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which best describes a development of the early Christian Church?

    The lower classes of the Roman Empire were attracted to Christianity’s message of hope in a better life.
    The Roman branch of the early church encouraged the production of many texts about the faith.
    People began to believe that original sin on the part of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden tainted all believers with responsibility for that sin.
    Leadership in conducting church rituals was communal, without the authority of an ordained priest.

2 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Which best describes the role of women in Chinese society from c. 600 to c. 1450 C.E.?

    Women helped in reviving Confucianism.
    Women were to bear sons for their husbands.
    Women served as teachers and writers.
    Women led the backlash against Buddhism.

2 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Which was not a major event during the first two and a half centuries of the Roman Empire?

 

    Civil war ended with Julius Caesar’s triumph.
    A huge network of roads integrated the empire.
    Its territories were expanded to its greatest size.
    Caesar Augustus’s reign ushered in pax romana.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Which was an accomplishment of Kublai Khan?

    He allowed Christian proselytizing in the western part of the empire.
    He replaced the Chinese calendar with the Persian calendar.
    He reestablished Confucian-style civil service examinations.
    He included Muslims in the highest bureaucratic offices of China.

2 points   

QUESTION 21

1. Which best describes the Enlightenment?

    late seventeenth-century intellectual movement in Europe which was initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics
    sixteenth-century religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church which resulted in the formation of several new Christian denominations
    eighteenth-century European philosophical movement that emphasized the preeminence of reason rather than faith
    a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a rebirth of Greco-Roman culture from the mid-fourteenth century to the early seventeenth-century in Europe

2 points   

QUESTION 22

1. Which was a trend in gender issues from 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?

    The rise of agriculture led to greater gender equality.
    Organized religion supported female passivity.
    Increased trade lessened gender division of labor.
    The growing economy led to work opportunities for women.

2 points   

QUESTION 23

1. Which was not a method used by medieval European states to encourage growth?

 

    Merchants were guaranteed safe conduct while traveling to international markets.
    Permanent foreign consulates were created to represent state interests.
    Foreign imports were replaced with domestically-financed new industries.
    Military campaigns were organized to enlarge kingdoms and enhance trade.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 24

1. Which best describes a change that Mahayana ideas made to Buddhism?

    belief in a western-style concept of heaven
    encouragement of living moderate lives
    belief that people can perfect their souls over time
    adherence to eight moral elements of life

2 points   

QUESTION 25

1. Which was not a development in the Roman Empire that led to the Third-Century Crisis?

 

    frequent change of “barracks emperors”
    Germanic tribes raiding deep into the Roman Empire
    defense of the frontiers draining the treasury
    overspending on public works projects

 

2 points   

QUESTION 26

1. Which best explains the changing expectations of women in the early Islamic world?

    Women gradually lost the right to initiate divorce from their husbands.
    Women eventually had legally inherited dowry property taken away.
    Women progressively were induced to veil their faces outside the home.
    Women slowly saw the right to engage in business ventures disappear.

2 points   

QUESTION 27

1. Which was a political development of the Tang dynasty?

    Powerful individual kingdoms emerged.
    Feudalistic warlord regional rule appeared.
    A loose confederation of states was established.
    A centralized bureaucratic state was created.

2 points   

QUESTION 28

1. Which was not a popular interpretation about who Jesus of Nazareth was?

 

    a politically savvy man bent on using religion to gain power
    a scholar who was intent on reinforcing the importance of Jewish rituals
    an inspired individual who attempted to predict the future
    a philosopher who wanted to restore Judaism to its original state

 

2 points   

QUESTION 29

1. Which demographic change resulted from the transoceanic encounters of the early modern era?

    Iberian middle classes were reduced by twenty percent as a result of emigration to New World colonies.
    Eurasian populations were decimated by over fifty percent as a result of the spread of the bubonic plague.
    Native American societies slightly increased by ten percent from intermarriage with European conquerors.
    Native American societies were reduced by ninety percent as a result of European infectious disease.

2 points   

QUESTION 30

1. Which best describes a reason for the gradual union of the Greeks?

    to merge arable land
    to increase colonial territories
    to guard against enemies
    to enjoy shared religious practices

2 points   

QUESTION 31

1. Which was not an area impacted by the Mongol conquest?

 

    Arabia
    Afghanistan
    Mongolia
    Iraq

 

2 points   

QUESTION 32

1. During the Classical era, which development reduced the risks associated with travel and stimulated long-distance trade?

    States created large armies assigned to protect traveling merchants.
    Rulers invested heavily in the construction of roads and bridges.
    Merchants bypassed land travel in favor of shipping goods by sea.
    Treaties and agreements on trade were concluded between empires.

2 points   

QUESTION 33

1. Which was not a key feature of feudal Japan?

 

    Aristocratic clans controlled affairs from behind the royal throne.
    Centralized government was modeled on Chinese bureaucracy.
    Military talent and discipline was valued over court etiquette.
    Elaborate protocol and refined conduct prevailed at court.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 34

1. Which was a cultural similarity in both Egypt and Mesopotamia?

    few slaves
    female monarchs
    polytheistic belief
    landed noble class

2 points   

QUESTION 35

1. Which was not a key feature of the Gupta Empire?

 

    creation of the decimal system
    decline of the caste system
    religious toleration
    trade with Southeast Asia

 

2 points   

QUESTION 36

1. Which best describes the political contribution of Clovis?

    He broke relations with the Byzantine Empire to secure papal support.
    He maintained an elaborate bureaucracy to implement policies.
    He built an administrative apparatus to maintain his expansive realm.
    He unified Germanic tribes in Gaul under his central authority.

2 points   

QUESTION 37

1. Which was not a significant impact of the Indian Ocean sea lanes?

 

    The Romans established direct commercial relations with India.
    Indonesian goods traveled west to Arabia and East Africa.
    Indian products found markets in the Mediterranean Basin.
    Mali merchants traded their goods as far as Southeast Asia.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 38

1. Which was not a factor restricting the growth of major sub-Saharan states?

 

    differing social and belief systems with divergent rituals
    fluctuating climate that prevented increase in population growth
    two thousand distinct and separate languages and dialects
    elite culture established by imperialistic armies from northern areas

 

2 points   

QUESTION 39

1. Which describes economic conditions in the Spanish Caribbean during the Age of Exploration?

    Taino Indians were forced to work in the gold mines while the Spanish exported gold back to Europe.
    Spanish conquerors built forts and trading posts where merchants traded with local peoples for products sold in European markets.
    Native islanders produced new agricultural crops on plantations, which the Spanish exploited for their own profit.
    Jesuit priests educated and trained the native islanders as craftsmen of European products for lower wages.

2 points   

QUESTION 40

1. Which was not a core objective of Confucianism?

 

    to encourage ancestor veneration and filial piety
    to restore the strong customs of China’s glorious past
    to strengthen moral devotion to the high god, Di
    to promote strong family units to create a strong civilization

 

2 points   

QUESTION 41

1. Which was not a migration pattern of early humans?

 

    trekking out of Europe to southern climes
    founding communities in colder regions
    travelling out of Africa in search of food
    crossing land bridges to uninhabited regions

 

2 points   

QUESTION 42

1. Which is a precept of monotheism?

    A supreme god fights against evil in the world.
    Believers must live sparingly and modestly to honor God.
    Followers must obey proper dietary and moral principles.
    Meditation is necessary to achieve harmony with God.

2 points   

QUESTION 43

1. Which was a political development of the Song dynasty?

    A loose confederation of states appeared.
    Powerful local kingdoms emerged.
    A dominant centralized administration grew.
    Feudalistic warlord regional rule surfaced.

2 points   

QUESTION 44

1. Which was not a broad trend from 1450 to 1750 in economic development?

 

    Sources of wealth were n trade and commerce, not land.
    The middle class emerged as nonagricultural occupations rose.
    Mercantilist economic policies replaced capitalist economics.
    Proto-industrial modes of production began to appear.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 45

1. Which was an outcome of the Trojan War?

    Helen committed suicide upon the news of Paris’s death.
    Sparta was defeated when Troy won a decisive naval battle.
    King Priam of Troy was assassinated by Spartan soldiers.
    Sparta triumphed when Prince Hector defeated Achilles.

2 points   

QUESTION 46

1. Which best describes the significance of the hemispheric trading zone?

 

    Networks of communication and exchange were established throughout eastern Europe.
    Systematic overland caravan trade slowly ended as maritime trade dominated.
    Conventional commercial trade on the Silk Roads dwindled as African routes emerged.
    Elaborate trade networks transformed into straightforward routes in the Mediterranean.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 47

1. Which best describes a trend in Ming art?

    full development of the Chinese novel
    monochromatic ink brush paintings
    colorful frescoes on walls of palaces
    advanced textile production in silk

2 points   

QUESTION 48

1. Which was not a new technology in the late centuries B.C.E. that allowed domesticated animals to transport goods?

 

    yoke
    wheel
    stirrups
    saddle

 

2 points   

QUESTION 49

1. Which best describes the Jewish Diaspora?

    division of Israelites into twelve groups or family tribes in which they ruled their own states separately
    capture of the Jewish people by the Chaldeans and captivity in Babylonia for sixty-five years
    tight knit religious communities preserving their Jewish culture after Jews were driven out of Jerusalem by Rome
    uprising of Jewish slaves against the Egyptian pharaoh which led to their exodus out of Egypt into Canaan

2 points   

QUESTION 50

1. Which best describes the Hindu kingdoms of southern India?

    They eliminated religious toleration of Muslims.
    They united regional states based on trade.
    They built a tightly nationalized empire.
    They invaded each other constantly, resulting in chronic war.

2 points   

QUESTION 51

1. Which was not an agricultural innovation of the Neolithic revolution?

 

    slash-and-burn
    swidden farming
    fallow fields
    irrigation

 

2 points   

QUESTION 52

1. Which best describes the role of the papacy in the Middle Ages?

    strengthened the Christian church by aligning policies with secular kings
    claimed supreme ecclesiastical and political authority over Europe
    mobilized and defended Christian kings against pagan aggressors
    supported secular rulers by conducting church rituals in the vernacular

2 points   

QUESTION 53

1. Which was not a similarity between slavery and serfdom?

 

    Slaves and serfs were both compelled to work the master’s lands.
    Slaves and serfs both paid rent with a portion of their own harvest.
    Neither system allowed real freedom of movement.
    Administration of justice was always in the master’s hands.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 54

1. Which was the cause of the Peloponnesian War?

    Spartan failure to aid Athens in their naval war against Xerxes
    massacre of Spartan troops in the pass of Thermopylae by Persia
    heightened colonial competition between Athens and Sparta
    economic and political domination by Athens in the Delian League

2 points   

QUESTION 55

1. Which was not a basic feature of polytheistic religions prior to 600 C.E.?

 

    Many revere their ancestors or forbearers as well as believe in otherworldly beings.
    Female gods outweigh male gods because of the importance of fertility rituals.
    Multiple gods represent different elements of life and the afterlife or the natural world.
    Large groups of people celebrate varied gods and practice different elements of their faith.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 56

1. Which was a challenge that societies in sub-Saharan Africa faced between 3000 B.C.E. and 1000 B.C.E.?

    undersized and sparse arable land areas
    organization into independent city-states
    human susceptibility to insect-borne diseases
    large population growth of Bantu peoples

2 points   

QUESTION 57

1. Which was not a centralizing effort of the Franks?

 

    to remove the threat of invading Huns from the southeast
    to created an alliance with the Roman Catholic Church
    to wipe out any remaining Roman authority in Gaul
    to oust other Germanic tribes on the Frankish borders

 

2 points   

QUESTION 58

1. Which was a fundamental characteristic of the Phoenician civilization?

    a group of unified settlements along two rivers
    heavily urbanized areas with large populations
    high mountain societies based on agriculture
    advanced shipping and export economies

2 points   

QUESTION 59

1. Which is not a major principle of Judaism?

 

    monotheistic belief
    virtuous behavior
    anti-slave tenet
    charitable acts

 

2 points   

QUESTION 60

1. Which best describes African literature?

    hand-written novels detailing man’s creation
    lyrical poetry recorded on papyrus scrolls
    satirical fiction based on the lives of chieftains
    oral tradition told by professional storytellers

2 points   

QUESTION 61

1. Which was not an impact of the Agricultural Revolution on the environment?

 

    disappearance of large species of mammals
    decreased migration to unpopulated areas
    reduced supplies of game and wild grains
    deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients

 

2 points   

QUESTION 62

1. Which was a contribution of Hellenic culture to the world?

    advanced the belief in a single god with dominion over all people
    devised the world’s first written code of law favoring elites over commoners
    constructed an alphabet made up of both vowels and consonants
    developed sophisticated irrigation systems to increase crop output

2 points   

QUESTION 63

1. Which was not a key accomplishment of the Khmer Empire?

 

    expanded militarily into Burma and the Malay Peninsula
    implemented Chinese-style bureaucratic central government
    adopted Hinduism and Buddhism from neighboring India
    created architectural legacy in the Angkor Wat temple complex

 

2 points   

QUESTION 64

1. In Wealth of Nations, which economic concept does Adam Smith promote with the quote below?

 

“Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer.” (Source: The Wealth Of Nations, Book IV Chapter VIII, v. ii, p. 660, para. 49)

 

    regulated markets
    colonial exports
    government subsidies
    free competition

 

2 points   

QUESTION 65

1. Which was not an accomplishment of Justinian?

 

    He launched a systematic review of Roman law that served to inspire legal codes for centuries.
    He opened Mediterranean sea lanes to Byzantine commerce with Islamic North Africa.
    He embarked on an ambitious construction program that remade and beautified Constantinople.
    He initiated a military campaign to reconquer the western Roman Empire from Germanic tribes.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 66

1. Which was a cultural legacy of Rome?

    independent city-states throughout the empire empowered to enact their own laws
    Greek Stoicism with its universal moral standards based on reason and nature
    a thriving musical community composed primarily of Greek and Syrian artists
    acceptance of the precepts of Judaism with emphasis on devout worship of a single god

2 points   

QUESTION 67

1. Which was not a role of women in the High Middle Ages?

 

    to operate schools for girls
    to work as skilled artisans
    to manage household work
    to perform agricultural tasks

 

2 points   

QUESTION 68

1. Which describes the impact of slave trading?

    European landowners replaced serf labor with slave labor.
    Massive numbers of Africans left their homes as slaves.
    Slaves gradually outstripped exports of gold, silver, and ivory.
    The slave trade progressively led to population losses in southwest Asia.

2 points   

QUESTION 69

1. Which was not a cultural change in post-Han China?

 

    The poor adopted traditional music.
    Confucianism faded while Daoism flourished.
    Buddhism formed the base of political unity.
    Nomadic peoples were increasingly sinicized.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 70

1. Which view did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle hold in common?

    Reliance on human senses provides accurate truth about the world.
    Only the properly trained human mind can arrive at true knowledge.
    Use of human reason and intellect leads to expanded knowledge.
    Guided questioning and deductive reasoning leads to truth.

2 points   

QUESTION 71

1. Which religious tradition did the Olmecs and Maya have in common?

    sacrifice of high-ranking war captives to the Maya gods
    worship of one supreme god with a nod to lesser gods
    elaborate rituals at pyramids and temples
    colossal human heads sculpted for religious purposes

2 points   

QUESTION 72

1. Which was the role of scholastic theology in the High Middle Ages?

    to synthesize the philosophies of Islam and Judaism with Christian belief
    to join Aristotelian ideas with Christian belief to show the rationality of Christianity
    to provide a primary education for the children of urban workers and peasants
    to prepare men and women for the holy orders of monasticism and the convent

2 points   

QUESTION 73

1. Which was not an impact of the Neolithic revolution on gender relations?

 

    Women lost social standing and freedoms in society.
    Bearing children became the primary occupation for women.
    Household self-sufficiency became the work of women.
    Women’s food-gathering activities were highly valued.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 74

1. Which was Austria’s motivation in the Partitions of Poland?

    to prevent Ottoman Turkish aggression
    to match French holdings in central Europe
    to check rival nations’ territorial ambitions
    to gain access to warm-water ports

2 points   

QUESTION 75

1. How were cultural traditions in Christianity transformed as the culture spread?

    As intellectual elites converted, they took over Christian leadership positions and transformed a popular religion of salvation into a powerful church.
    Christian worship of a father and a mother in heaven was eventually changed to the simple worship of Jesus Christ as the single supreme deity.
    Women were eventually allowed to serve as priests because of great powers attributed to Jesus’s mother, the Virgin Mary.
    Beliefs about Jesus as a mortal human being became centralized rather than the belief that he was a god and therefore divine.

2 points   

QUESTION 76

1. Which best describes Byzantine society?

    Aristocratic women had separate living areas and were excluded from festivities and parties.
    Aristocratic women had separate living areas and were excluded from festivities and parties.
    Lower class women were limited to household duties and childrearing as their primary duties.
    Women of all classes enjoyed the right to own property and control of their marriage dowries.

2 points   

QUESTION 77

1. Which was an example of popular religion in the High Middle Ages?

    acceptance of poverty as a sign one’s soul was to be saved
    belief that the Eucharist protected against sudden death
    fascination with Aristotelian predictions of the heavens
    worship of individual popes as seers and prophets of God

2 points   

QUESTION 78

1. Which best traces the arrival of Christianity in Africa?

    Christianity traveled to the island of Madagascar through Portuguese imperialism.
    Christianity was founded by merchants from southwest Asia on the eastern Swahili coast.
    Christianity reached the kingdom of Mali and West Africa through the travels of Ibn Battuta.
    Christianity established a foothold in modern-day Ethiopia from Mediterranean converts.

2 points   

QUESTION 79

1. Which best describes the political structure of the Roman Republic?

    equal representation of both plebeians and patricians in the legislative body, the Senate
    day-to-day government headed by two consuls elected from the Senate for one year terms
    plebeian-dominated assemblies that originate all legislation with veto power from the Senate
    an executive branch led by military generals with absolute authority over the legislature

2 points   

QUESTION 80

1. Which best describes a purpose for ancient Egyptian art?

    to document aspects of daily life for future generations
    to illustrate the dangers of life without the gods
    to portray the ideal family life of everyday citizens
    to depict the daily struggles of peasants and slaves

The Report of the Paris Medical Faculty

/in /by

Primary Sources (provided on Blackboard):

“The Report of the Paris Medical Faculty.” 1348.

Ibn Al-Wardi, “An Essay on the Report of the Pestilence.” 1348.

Secondary Sources (you can find all these sources through LaGuardia’s Library website or on Blackboard, the database used is listed in parentheses)

(Database: Kanopy) Armstrong, Dorsey. Europe on the Brink of the Black Death: Episode 1. The Great Courses: The Black Death. 2016.

(Opensource textbook on Blackboard) Berger et al. World History: Cultures, States, and Societies to 1500.Dahlonega, GA: University of North Georgia Press, Creative Commons (https://web.ung.edu/media/university-press/World%20History%20Textbook-082817.pdf?t=1510261063109).

(Database: JSTOR) Cohn, Jr., Samuel K. “The Black Death: End of a Paradigm.” The American Historical Review, vol. 107, no. 3, 2002, pp. 703–738.

(Database: JSTOR) Davis, David E. “The Scarcity of Rats and the Black Death: An Ecological History.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 16, no. 3, 1986, pp. 455–470.

(Database: JSTOR) Mengel, David C. “A PLAGUE ON BOHEMIA? MAPPING THE BLACK DEATH.” Past & Present, no. 211, 2011, pp. 3–34.

(Database: JSTOR) Theilmann, John, and Frances Cate. “A Plague of Plagues: The Problem of Plague Diagnosis in Medieval England.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 37, no. 3, 2007, pp. 371–393.

SSH 105 – World History to 1500 FINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT – DUE ON DECEMBER 11th by 5:00pm ONLINE through Blackboard

For your final assignment (worth 20% of your overall grade), you will be writing a research paper that incorporates the two assignments you have already completed: in Stage 1 you chose a thesis statement based on the background video by Dr. Armstrong, and in Stage 2 you looked closely at 2 primary sources that gave you some first-hand voices from the era of the Black Death. (If you did not complete these assignments or forget them, you can find them on Blackboard under “Course Documents.”) For this final stage, you must incorporate these two assignments into a persuasive historical essay that argues whether or not the Black Death fundamentally produced the modern world we live in today. In other words, after reading your essay, the reader should be convinced that the Black Death was/was not an event that shaped the modern world today. Please keep this central thesis in mind as you write the essay. The requirements for your final paper are as follows:

1. It must be 7-8 double-spaced, typed pages 2. It must be submitted in .doc OR .docx OR .pdf format only (not .pages or any other format) 3. It must be submitted online by 5:00pm on Friday, December 11th, 2020. Any and all papers submitted

after this time will receive a grade reduction (half-grade deduction per day). a. Papers will not be accepted at all after Tuesday, December 15th b. To submit final papers:

i. Go to Blackboard ii. On the left-hand side you will see a link that says “SUBMIT FINAL PAPER HERE

BY 12/11” – click on that link iii. Follow the instructions to upload your assignment through the Turnitin software

4. You are required to use and cite the following three sources in your paper: a. Dr. Armstrong’s video lecture from Stage 1 b. One or both of the primary sources from Stage 2 c. At least one of the secondary sources listed on the reverse of this page.

5. You may use whatever other secondary or primary sources that you like, but you must cite your sources. For example, there are 24 videos in the series about the Black Death that you could use (you watched Episode 1). You may use any of these other videos (all on the Kanopy database) to support your position. You may also use other online sources but do not use any website that ends in .com or that is Wikipedia. For this project, these sites are too problematic and unreliable. The open-access textbook on Blackboard may be helpful (p. 465-467) – be sure to cite it if you use it. (SEE REVERSE FOR MORE GUIDANCE ON FINDING RELIABLE SECONDARY SOURCES)

6. You must include a Works Cited (a bibliography) at the end of your paper that includes all the sources you used to write your paper. It should be in MLA format (see reverse).

7. Be sure to cite and all your sources! Any indication of plagiarism will result in a failing grade for this project. If you are unclear about what constitutes plagiarism, please see the handout titled “What is Plagiarism?”

If you received positive feedback from me on Stages 1-2, feel free to use your responses from those assignments in your final paper. For example, your paper might begin with the paragraph you wrote in Stage 1. You then should have several supporting paragraphs that use convincing evidence (primary and secondary sources) to back up and support your thesis statement. Make sure that each paragraph of your paper can be logically tied back/connected to your thesis (your central argument). If you complete this assignment correctly, by the end of your 7-8 page paper you should have a better understanding of:

1. Why some people argue that the Black Death shaped the modern world 2. The understandings and misunderstandings that various groups (across time/space) have had about

this disease 3. Why this topic continues to attract scholarship and interest so long after it took place 4. What it means to write a persuasive essay in the discipline of history

Works Cited List (MLA format)

 

 

Secondary Sources (you can find all these sources through LaGuardia’s Library website or on Blackboard, the database used is listed in parentheses) (Database: Kanopy) Armstrong, Dorsey. Europe on the Brink of the Black Death: Episode 1. The Great Courses: The Black Death. 2016. (Opensource textbook on Blackboard) Berger et al. World History: Cultures, States, and Societies to 1500. Dahlonega, GA: University of North Georgia Press, Creative Commons (https://web.ung.edu/media/university- press/World%20History%20Textbook-082817.pdf?t=1510261063109). (Database: JSTOR) Cohn, Jr., Samuel K. “The Black Death: End of a Paradigm.” The American Historical Review, vol. 107, no. 3, 2002, pp. 703–738. (Database: JSTOR) Davis, David E. “The Scarcity of Rats and the Black Death: An Ecological History.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 16, no. 3, 1986, pp. 455–470. (Database: JSTOR) Mengel, David C. “A PLAGUE ON BOHEMIA? MAPPING THE BLACK DEATH.” Past & Present, no. 211, 2011, pp. 3–34. (Database: JSTOR) Theilmann, John, and Frances Cate. “A Plague of Plagues: The Problem of Plague Diagnosis in Medieval England.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 37, no. 3, 2007, pp. 371–393. Primary Sources (provided on Blackboard): “The Report of the Paris Medical Faculty.” 1348. Ibn Al-Wardi, “An Essay on the Report of the Pestilence.” 1348. You will be tempted to use Google as your primary search engine for this assignment, as this is the easiest way to find quick information about any topic. However, most of what comes to the surface in these searches is unvetted and therefore unreliable information that cannot be used as credible evidence/support for this paper.

Instead, please find your supplemental secondary sources using these steps: 1. Go to the library website at: https://library.laguardia.edu/ 2. On the left-hand side, click on “Articles (Databases)” 3. Under “Browse databases by:” click on “Title (A-Z)” 4. Now you can find databases that contain peer-reviewed, reliable information on the Black Death. Below

are my recommendations of databases to use for history papers:

• JSTOR

• Project Muse

• Academic Search Complete

• World Book Online (this is an online encyclopedia that is peer-reviewed)

• World History in Context

• World History in Video

• Kanopy (video database)

• SAGE All Journals

Remember that the more specific search terms you use within these databases, the more refined and helpful your search results will be. Rather than searching “Black Death,” try searching “Black Death and Politics,” or “Black Death and Society,” and see how your results differ.

 

https://library.laguardia.edu/