It is important to understand your responsibilities as a criminal justice professional when engaging with citizens. This assignment is broken into three (3) parts and you must complete each part of the assignment. Each part includes a text or video scenario to which you will respond by writing a one to two (1-2) page paper for each scenario that examines specific information regarding the events using your knowledge of the Constitution.

Part I: Law Enforcement Officer Arrives at the Scene Scenario

Read the text scenario below:

An eighteen-year-old high school student walks to class carrying a backpack. He is stopped by the school security guard and his backpack is searched. A loaded handgun is discovered.  The school security guard takes the student to the principal’s office. The principal calls the local police.  In the state where the school is located, it is illegal to carry a concealed weapon without a permit and all weapons are prohibited on campus.

Officer Smith arrives at the school approximately 10 minutes later.  Officer Smith takes a statement from the school security guard and searches the student’s backpack. He seizes the gun and places the student under arrest.  Officer Smith then asks the student if he would like to make a statement to explain why he was carrying a concealed weapon on campus.

The student replies, “What weapon? That’s not my backpack and I never saw that gun before.”

The student is then transported to the local jail. However, on the way to the local jail, Officer Smith asks the student again why he brought a loaded gun on campus. The student admits that it was his gun and stated that he needed it for protection.  Upon arrival at the local jail, the student is booked.  Six hours later, the student is interviewed by a Detective Columbo.  The detective reads the student his Miranda warning and asks the student if he would like to make a statement.

The student replies, “No, I want a lawyer.”

Write a one to two (1-2) page paper in which you:

1. Examine the Constitutional Amendment(s) that would relate to this situation.
2. Outline the appropriate procedures you would need to follow to comply with the associated Amendments to ensure admissibility of evidence.
3. Evaluate the officer’s actions and determine whether his search, the student’s confession, and the weapon discovery were lawful and/or admissible. Provide a rationale for your opinion.
4. Use at least two (2) quality references. Consider using the Cornell Law website located at https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/index.html. You are also encouraged to use the Strayer University Online library (https://research.strayer.edu) to locate academic resources.  Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Part II: Arrest and Trial Scenario

Read the text scenario below:

Tyler, a well-known escort service provider in his community, is suspected of the murder of an escort who worked for him. The local police met Tyler at the airport when he arrived from a trip to Cancun. He is arrested for his suspected connection to the murder of the escort. The police do not inform Tyler of his right to remain silent or his right to counsel. They immediately begin to interrogate him. They continue to question him until he admits that he knew the prostitute and that she worked for him. He also admits that he was with her the night of the alleged murder. Tyler is transported to the local jail and booked. The prosecutor files charges of First Degree Murder against Tyler. Tyler does not waive his rights to a speedy trial. He asks that an attorney be appointed and demands a trial by jury.

Write a one to two (1-2) page paper in which you:

1. Examine the Constitutional Amendment(s) that would relate to this situation.
2. Identify and discuss four (4) elements of arrest.
3. Identify and discuss the Constitutional Amendments that would relate to this situation.
4. Describe the appropriate procedures to comply with Tyler’s rights to due process.
5. Examine any potential consequences that might occur if his right to due process is violated.
6. Use at least two (2) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Part III: Correctional Officers and Rights of Inmates

Hudson v. McMillian is a U.S. Supreme court case involving the excessive force resulting in a claim of cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment. The court’s decision resulted in the five-pronged Hudson test, also known as PANAM:

• (P)erceived threat by correctional officers;
• (A)ny and all efforts to deescalate;
• (N)eed for the application of force;
• (A)mount of force that was used and;
• (M)edical issues, and extent of any injuries, that are used to evaluate cases involving any use of force before trial and after conviction.

The test helps the courts determine whether correctional officers’ actions were reasonable, necessary, and conducted in good faith (as opposed to malicious, unreasonable, and unnecessary).

Watch the video scenario and take notes as you watch: CJ in Practice Constitutional Issue: Depravation of Inmates’ Rights

Write a one to two (1-2) page report in which you:

1. Summarize the events of this scenario and the persons involved.
2. Examine the Constitutional Amendments that would relate to this situation and whether the rights of the inmates in this scenario were violated. Support your opinion.
3. Determine whether the incidents pass the five-pronged Hudson test discussed above.
4. Recommend how the Sergeant should respond to the behavior of the officer(s). Support your response.
5. Use at least two (2) quality references. You are encouraged to use the Strayer University Online library (https://research.strayer.edu) to locate academic resources. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• This course requires the use of the new Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). Take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details. If you prefer to use APA style, discuss with your professor.
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow SWS or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

Running head: Collegiate degrees vs high school 1

Collegiate degrees vs high school 9

Why Police Should Hire Candidates with Collegiate Degrees vice Just a High School/GED

Roger F. Lewis

St. Thomas University

 

Table of Contents Abstract 3 Why Police Should Hire Candidates with Collegiate Degrees vice Just a High School/GED 4 Literature Review 7 Data Collection 10 Data Analysis/Findings. 11 Conclusion. 12 References 13

Abstract

Entry into law enforcement is considered one of the most prestigious things that one can do for their community. Law enforcement is also among the best careers that one can take up. It has been a matter of contention on whether the people who have college degrees should be given the priority when it comes to the police recruitment process. Today, law enforcement has changed and is asking for the individuals in the profession to have more education. The law enforcement of today require the education intangibles that a college student will have and there is the need for continuous learning. There are several things in law enforcement which require one to have an education. There are internal politics of the government that one will require an education to understand. There are several issues today in law enforcement which require someone to have the much-needed education. There are influences such as the economy, technology as well as community relations. A formal education is required to understand most of these things better and give services to the community. When a law enforcement officer is educated, they are able to open up new possibilities. With a college degree, one is able to understand the leadership theories that are there as well as new ideas in the world. The presence of a college degree also means that one is able to consider new ideas and process them as a result of the different experiences of people in class. Law enforcement officers need to have been exposed to various cultures and people and gotten into the culture of sharing information. Communication skills are also taught in colleges which can help an individual became a better officer.

Why Police Should Hire Candidates with Collegiate Degrees vice Just a High School/GED

Police recruitment has been an emphasis on law enforcement agencies for decades. This controversial topic has attracted different researchers to investigate the relationship between higher education and policing in combating crimes. The concepts of police modernization and professionalism are surrounded by the quality of police education and training concerning the effects it brings to organizational transformation and individual performance (Francis & McCafferty, 2003). Bearing in mind the security and safety of citizens is one of the key government goal pillars, education, and well-trained law enforcement officers are integral in revolutionizing the policing department. Expansive research has found that significant shifts in the nature of police work and policing practices have significantly changed in the 21st century because candidates with college degrees are preferred as compared to the tradition of recruiting uneducated candidates (Anthony, 2012). Some of the critical playing factors pushing to this adaption are the relationship between initial training, academic qualifications to advance police professionalism as well as career progression. The reason why degree candidates should be a priority according to research is the value of technical competency of police training and education as an instrument of accountability and the current forces in the police departments that diverse skills to fit in today’s model. The focus and direction of this discussion are to show why candidates with college degrees should be a priority in police recruitment because they gained skills enough to bring effects on behavior and performance, a positive impact on attitudes and beliefs.

There are a few contrasts and varieties that exist in police institute training processes and content for recently hired officials crosswise over areas and districts. The objective of the process of higher learning training and education is the advancement of minds, career objectives, and attitudes of future law requirement officials accountable for the social order (Jason, 2010). Formal and structured training for new individuals is necessary to what law requirement foundations or police institutes represent. Different methods and procedures, for example, understanding the use of vital crucial training equipment significant to the local, provincial, or national measures that apply to the part of the nation, state, or country, make up a great part of the content and preparing for new police recruits. Police training regularly appears as a responsive program where it is viewed as a method for correcting police misconduct and transforming the whole police organization. Hopefully, nonetheless, police training ought to be a proactive program where education and training go parallel to update specialized police aptitudes as a vehicle to help export community policing, human rights, the rule of law, and democratization to developing countries.

The paper will explore the above-mentioned themes using a narrative theory study whereby a semi-structured interview of police and staff with higher education experiences will be used to collect data. A summary of the existing literature is provided before discussing the findings. Choosing this method was appropriate because it helped researchers in developing contextual knowledge instead of using a method used for purposes of compatibility. Therefore, the method allows for a better “elaboration and clarification” (McHenry, n.d.). Such a methodology is especially significant concerning research subjects, similar to this one, where there is a shortage of existing experimental information on the issues being addressed among this occupational populace. In this regard, this examination may be named ‘Exploratory’ (Stickle, 2016) in that it takes into consideration a less prescriptive way to deal with producing qualitative information that will allow points to be drawn from the data during the investigation stage. This methodology is significant in that it goes some way towards placing itself in the Weberian custom that maintains avoid from, “pre-definition of what is to be considered important” (Scherman, 2019) by enabling enough adaptability for interviewees to emphasize relevant subjects within the parameters of the question.

 

Literature Review

In the recent past, American policing was expressed by no particular standards, ineffectual techniques, modes training, recurrent corruption and police cruelty and lack of reasonable command systems. In the beginning of the occupation. The duty of a police personnel could be illustrated by just a few ability sets. Actually, when likened to the modern legal setting, law implementation officers of the yesteryear belonged to so me what simple profession. Officers of the past had the freedom to use expansive means to realize the mission of bringing criminals to justice. There existed limited reliance on more intellectual and scientific equipment to control offences in prior periods. As legal structures continue to be more complicated, community’ expectations of the police personnel have increased (Law Enforcement Degrees & Police Careers 2019). Therefore, there is the slithering criterion by community to balance due practice with offense control in the criminal justice structures.

The education and functioning of police personnel are key importance since it is vital that agencies pinpoint the best forecasters to identify an individual’s ability and prospect for success in policing. A police sector has the utmost recurrent and intimate contact between the government and the society. This therefore means the better the police personnel create positive interactions with stakeholders and carry out their law enforcement responsibilities can lead to enhanced social welfares and the insight that procedural integrity exists (Edwards 2017).

The improved public interaction and functioning-based prospects of a police personnel with college education gives ibn law implementations is a vibrant behavioral study which gathered momentum after 9/11 as policing moved from randomized watch patterns, maintenance of peace and being assessed in terms of response-times. Stakeholders now anticipate that police personnel will analyze the cause of crime, recommend remedies, heal social illnesses, lessen recidivism and address public problems with transparency (Harmon 2011).

The extension of police functions includes a reliance upon technology and the demand for advanced skill levels. The moderns police personnel are the gatekeepers of criminal justice system and their modern tools include; license plate recognition system, personal computers, link analysis programs, international positioning systems etc. (Gardiner 2015). This advancement requires that a person has advanced education levels. Even though not everybody accepts that police personnel require college degrees, common policing approaches like intelligence-led policing, community policing as well as problem- concerned policing need police personnel to analyze data, explain complicated problems and carryout a range of multifaceted duties in a professional and socially sensitive style. Although the question exists on whether college degrees is important for police personnel, it is definitely valuable.

A certain study was carried out on over 1707 members of the New York City Police Department which was signed up in 1995 and allotted permanent authorities upon completing Academy training. Features of the members of the course that were determined at the end of the tuition were obtained from NYPD staffs and police Academy. The ideologies of performance model were utilized to establish behaviors that could be deemed superior performance, and then quantifiable pointers for such functioning were identified and subjected to investigation by use of cross tabulation and linear reversion. The research determined that female police officers with four-year college degrees were more probable of giving out superior performance in the extents that functioned as pointers for good verdict and considerate collaboration with the community (Spangenberg 2016). Additionally, the study found out that the New York City residents and police officers whose absolute Police Academy status was in the upper half of the class were more probable of having greater performance in events which functioned as indicators for a greater rate of structural commitment.

The world has continued to experience a rise and growth of technology. Advancement of computing and associated software technologies that emerged in the commercial world in the 1980s and making their presence felt even in in the police departments. A new series of information technologies has the capacity to prepare the police department well into the future (Anthony W. Batts 2012). Policing is a service profession whose principal input and foundation for action is information. Information is the vital feature of current societies and is the crucial and central trait of policing. Because the police deeply depend on information and count on the community as the main source of information, the means in which the police decode, encode, obtain, process and utilize information is critical to comprehend their obligation and purpose (Manning 1992). If an officer has not gone through the degree education, they might find it hard to fit in the world of technology which is becoming increasingly rampant.

There exists a leadership deficiency in law implementation and many conventional criminal justice plans include leadership as a Minor portion of their course. As an era of baby boomers start to retire and the occupation is confronted by a slew of fresh problems like the emergence of new technology, community policing demands and organizational revolutions, leaders with familiarity of the 21st century matters are in numerous demand (Hiring for the 21st Century Law Enforcement Officer 2017). But unluckily, there is scarcity of personnel who qualify for such criteria.

What I am adding to this literature is that candidates with college degrees are capable of serving the modern society better and are more capable to handle technology-based crimes than those without college degrees.

Data Collection

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Data Analysis/Findings.

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Conclusion.

[When using headings, don’t skip levels. If you need a heading 3, 4, or 5 with no text following it before the next heading, just add a period at the end of the heading and then start a new paragraph for the subheading and its text.] (Last Name, Year)

References Anthony W. Batts, Sean Michael Smoot, Ellen Scrivne. 2012. “New Perspectives in PolicingNational Institute of JusticePolice Leadership Challenges in a Changing World.” New Perspectives in Policing 1-24. Bostrom, Matthew D. 2002. “The Influence of Higher Education on Police Officer Work Habits.” Are street smarts better than book smarts 1-8. Carroll Seron, Joseph Pereira and Jean Kovath. 2004. “Judging Police Misconduct: “Street-Level” versus Professional Policing.” JSTOR 41-46. Déverge, Citlali Alexandra. 2016. “Police Education and Training: A ComparativeAnalysis of Law Enforcement Preparation in theUnited States and Canada.” Master’s Thesses 1-143. Edwards, Bradley D. 2017. “Perceived Value of Higher Education Among PoliceOfficers.” Electronic Theses and Dessertations 1-114. Fitzgerald, Joel F., Sr. 2013. “Examining Police Officer Perceptions of the Effects of College Education on Police Practices in Three Texas Police Departments.” ProQuest Central 1-215. Francis L. McCafferty, MD. 2003. “The Challenge of SelectingTomorrow’s Police Officersfrom Generations X and Y.” The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 1-11. Gardiner, Christie. 2015. “College cops: a study of education and policing in California.” ProQuest Central 648-663. n.d. “Going Beyond the Bachelor’s: Why Police Officer Education is So Important.” Law Enforcement and Public Safety Leadership . https://onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu/why-police-officer-education-is-important/. Gwen Moity Nolan and Dee Wood Harper, Jr. 2007. “INTERNATIONAL POLICE EXECUTIVE SYMPOSIUM GENEVA CENTRE FOR THE DEMOCRATIC CONTROL OF ARMED FORCES.” The joint IPES and DCAF Working Paper Series 1-24. Harmon, Lt. Ryan W. 2011. “A New Approach In Recruiting & Retaining Qualified Officers At The Bella Vista Police Department.” Recruiting&RetainingQualifiedOfficers 1-16. 2017. “Hiring for the 21st Century Law Enforcement Officer.” COPS Community Oriented Policing services US Department of Justice 2-78. Jason Rydberg, William Terrill. 2010. “The Effect of Higher Education on Police Behavior.” Police Quarterly 92-120. Katja Hallenberg, Tom Cockcroft. 2015. Police and Higher Education. Research GATE. 2019. “Law Enforcement Degrees & Police Careers.” Learn how to Become. https://www.learnhowtobecome.org/police-officer/. MacNamara, Donal E. J. 1950. “Higher Police Training at the University Level.” JSTOR 2-9. Manning, Peter K. 1992. “Information Technologies and the Police.” Crime and Justice 5-50. McHenry, Michael K. n.d. “A Need for Change: The Importance of Continued Training and Education for Modern Day Police Officers .” Criminal Justice Institute 1-22. 2012. “Police education and discipline.” UMI Dessertation publishing 2-81. Scherman, Jess. 2019. “6 Often Overlooked Qualities of a Great Police Officer.” RASMUSSEN COLLEGE. 9 16. https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/justice-studies/blog/overlooked-qualities-of-police-officer/. Spangenberg, Francis E. 2016. “Characteristics of Newly-hired Members of the New York City Police Department as Predictors of Subsequent Job Performance.” ProQuest Central 1-153. Staufenberger, Richard A. 1977. “The Professionalization of Police: Efforts and Obstacles.” JSTOR 678-685. Stickle, Ben. 2016. “A National Examination of the Effect of Education, Training and Pre-Employment Screening on Law Enforcement Use of Force.” Justice Policy Journal, Spring 2016 1-15.