Prenatal Essay

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PSYC 210

Prenatal Development Reflection Essay

The purpose of this assignment is to increase your knowledge of prenatal development and to reflect on a question that is considered somewhat controversial: “When does life begin?”

 

Assignment Instructions:

1. Locate the article identified below in the Jerry Falwell Library and download a PDF copy of it.

Ctrl-click on this link, and then click on the article title.

Irving, D. N. (1999). When do human beings begin? Scientific myths and scientific facts. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 19(3), 22-46. doi.org/10.1108/01443339910788730

 

Next, select the PDF option to download a copy of the article. You can read it online or save a copy to your computer.

2. Read the article, and identify two arguments for the position which states that life begins at conception, and identify two arguments for the position which states that life begins at a later point in development.

3. Write a brief essay (500-800 words) reflecting on what you have learned. Identify which argument you believe has the greatest support from a scientific perspective. See the suggested outline provided below.

4. Please note that while this issue does have significant moral and spiritual implications, this essay should focus on the scientific arguments outlined in the assigned article.

 

Assignment Requirements:

1. Identify your sources! Current APA guidelines require that a citation be used to identify any/all sources of information that are not considered common knowledge.

1. Do not include direct quotes; instead, paraphrase information about your chosen theory. Remember that your source must be identified with a citation even if you rewrite the information in your own words.

1. Your assignment must include the following:

· A current APA-formatted title page.

· 2–3 pages of text (at least 500, but not more than 800 words).

· Use current APA guidelines to include level-one headings to identify each paragraph/section of your essay.

· A current APA-formatted reference page.

1. Please edit your work to stay within the assignment parameters. Stay on topic, and write in a clear manner.

Outline:

1. In your first paragraph explain present the issue and explain why it is important to the study of prenatal development.

1. In your second paragraph briefly describe at least two arguments that support the idea that human life begins at conception.

1. In your third paragraph briefly describe at least two arguments that support the idea that human life begins later in development

1. In your final paragraph, summarize and reflect on which position you believe has the most support from a scientific perspective. Explain why you believe this is the strongest argument.

 

 

 

Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 2.

Page 2 of 2

Personal and Professional Social Work Values

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Discussion1: Personal and Professional Social Work Values

 

Heterosexism is defined as “thediscrimination or prejudice by heterosexuals against homosexuals” (merriam-webster.com) and is predicated on the belief that being heterosexual is the norm and the only accepted type of relationship.

 

Everyday heterosexism is exemplified in our media, our policies, and daily practices. By making these assumptions, social workers can be in part culpable for the oppression and marginalization experienced by the LGBTQ community.

 

As a profession, social work embraces diversity and strives to ensure equal rights for all. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is committed to supporting the needs of these groups and, in turn, they created the National Committee on Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Issues. During this week’s discussion you will be asked to consider how one’s own personal views on sexual orientation may clash with the profession’s stance.

 

  1. Post a scenario of how a social worker’s personal, ethical, and moral values in relation to the LGBTQ community might conflict with those of their clients.
  2. Explain the distinction between personal ethics and values and professional ethics and values evident in the social work profession in addressing this community.
  3. Be specific and explain how this distinction relates to the scenario you posted.
  4. Also explain how prejudice and bias might create barriers to fulfilling your professional responsibility to the LGBTQ community.

 

 

References (use at least 2)

 

Adams, M., Blumenfeld, W. J., Castaneda, C., Hackman, H. W., Peters, M. L., & Zuniga, X. (Eds.). (2013). Readings for diversity and social justice. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Press.

 

 

Clinton, H. R. (2011). United Nations Address on Global LGBT Rights. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved from http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/texttrans/2011/12/20111206180616su0.4842885.html#axzz2zeJtVRfq

 

It Gets Better Project. (n.d.). It gets better. Retrieved September 6, 2013, from: http://www.itgetsbetter.org/

 

 

 

Discussion 2: Moral Development Theory and Bullying

 

Bullying is not a new phenomenon, but social media and communication technologies have introduced a breadth and depth to which public shaming, targeted taunting, and bullying have manifested. For this Discussion, consider how bullying has changed and how it has remained the same in light of modern technology.

 

  1. Post an explanation of one moral development theory and its connection to the act of bullying.
  2. Be sure to frame your explanation within the context of cyber and other bullying that persists in social media and communication technologies used by adolescents.
  3. Also explain how bullying has changed and how it has remained the same in light of modern technology.

 

 

References (use at least 2)

 

Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2016). Understanding human behavior and the social environment (10th ed.). Boston, MA:  Cengage Learning.

Chapter 8 (pp. 376-422)

 

 

Glasser, L., & Keller, M. (2009). Are the competent the morally good? Perspective taking and moral motivation of children involved in bullying. Social Development, 18(4), 798–816. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

 

 

 

Discussion 3: Bullying: Cycle of Events

 

Bearing witness to trauma has its own set of consequences. Watching repeated episodes of bullying can evoke strong emotional and behavioral responses from an adolescent. During the impressionable stage of social development in adolescents, these experiences can contribute to a change in perception about the ways people should and do treat each other. Furthermore, ongoing exposure to this behavior can jeopardize an adolescent’s healthy social development. For this Discussion, consider how the act of bullying experienced by one adolescent may change the experience of another who witnesses it.

 

  1. Post a scenario that illustrates how bullying experienced by one adolescent may change the experience of another who witnesses it.
  2. Then address the availability of any social work intervention, skill, or practice that might change this cycle of events.

 

 

References (use at least 2)

 

Pace, U., & Zappulla, C. (2011). Problem behaviors in adolescence: The opposite role played by insecure attachment and commitment strength. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 20(6), 854–862.

 

 

Dempsey, A. G., Sulkowski, M. L., Nichols, R., & Storch, E. A. (2009). Differences between peer victimization in cyber and physical settings and associated psychosocial adjustment in early adolescence. Psychology in the Schools, 46(10), 962–972. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases

Workstations vs. Servers: Requirements, functionality, hardware

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Workstations vs. Servers: Requirements, functionality, hardware

One factor that IT professionals must consider when building a server is whether that server should be simply server software installed on regular hardware; server software installed on server hardware; or regular software installed on server hardware.

  1. What are the differences between workstation software and server software?
  2. Windows workstations all have elements of server software built-in. What are these elements, and why is the Windows Professional OS not considered a server?
  3. Similarly, the Windows server OS can run regular workstation applications such as MS Office or Adobe Photoshop. Why is this a bad idea? Can you find a situation where it might be appropriate?
  4. What exactly makes server hardware so valuable/expensive? What feature requirements drive the server market?
  5. What (if any) are the same feature requirements that might be found in server software/OS environments?

Be sure to cite your research using APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

Explaining Phobia Paper

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Explaining Phobia Paper

PSYCH/645 Version 1

 1

University of Phoenix Material

Explaining Phobia Paper

In this assignment, you will apply the principles of operational, classical, and observational learning. Behaviors are learned, and the following options are examples of three ways a person learns a behavior.

Select and complete one of the following assignments:

Option 1: Dog Phobia Paper

Option 2: Public Speaking Phobia Paper

Option 3: Little Hans Case Study

 

Option 1: Dog Phobia Paper

Sally is a 23-year-old woman who has a severe phobia of dogs. She has had this phobia since she had a negative experience with dogs when she was in the second grade. She now goes out of her way to avoid dogs and places that dogs may be. This causes her to experience anxiety when she meets someone new and is invited to an unfamiliar area.

Write a 1,500- to 1,750-word paper that uses behavioral and cognitive theory to analyze dog phobia.

Analyze the three potential ways Sally could have developed this phobia: operational (stimulus-response(consequence), classical (CS-UCS-UCR-CR), and observational.

Discuss how extinction and cognitive learning could help Sally recover from her phobia.

Address the following in your paper:

· Describe Sally’s phobia using inference and research of the development of simple phobias, such as dog phobias.

· Describe, in detail, how the phobia could be explained by the following (make sure to use various parts of each concept in your explanations):

· Classical conditioning

· Operant conditioning

· Observational learning

· Discuss how the process of extinction could be used to help Sally overcome her phobia.

· Discuss how the tenets of cognitive theory could be applied to help Sally overcome her phobia.

Cite at least three references in your paper to support your assessment: the text, a peer-reviewed journal article and one other source.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Option 2: Public Speaking Phobia Paper

Bill is a 28-year-old man who recalls that he disliked giving speeches in high school and avoided speech class in college until his senior year. Everything was fine with his job until his latest promotion, because his new position requires public speaking on a weekly basis. He has tried to find a way to keep his job and avoid giving speeches, but he has not found a solution.

Write a 1,500- to 1,750-word paper that uses behavioral and cognitive theory to analyze public speaking phobia.

Analyze the three potential ways Bill could have developed this phobia: operational (stimulus-response(consequence), classical (CS-UCS-UCR-CR), and observational.

Discuss how extinction and cognitive learning could help Bill recover from his phobia.

Include the following in your paper:

· Describe Bill’s phobia using inference and research of the development of simple phobias, such as public speaking phobias.

· Describe, in detail, how the phobia could be explained by the following (make sure to use various parts of each concept in your explanations):

· Classical conditioning

· Operant conditioning

· Observational learning

· Discuss how the process of extinction could be used to help Bill overcome his phobia.

· Discuss how the tenets of cognitive theory could be applied to help Bill overcome his phobia.

Cite at least three references in your paper to support your assessment: the text, a peer-reviewed journal article and one other source.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Option 3: Little Hans Case Study

In this option, you will review Freud’s case study of Little Hans, the young boy who developed a fear of horses. Read the original case study of Little Hans*: http://www.mhweb.org/freud/hans1.pdf

 

Prepare a 1,500- to 1,750-word paper in which you use psychoanalytic theory to analyze Little Hans.

Include the following in your paper:

· Complete an analysis of the phobia of Little Hans from a psychoanalytic perspective.

· Discuss how psychoanalytic theory conceptualized the phobia of Little Hans.

· Discuss why this was such a remarkable strategy for the period.

· Describe, in detail and using various parts of each concept, how the phobia of Little Hans could be explained by the following:

· Classical conditioning (behavioral perspective)

· Observational learning (social learning perspective)

 

Cite at least three psychoanalytic references in your paper to support your assessment: the text, a peer-reviewed journal article and one other source.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

*Note: the reference for the Freud article should look like this:

Freud, S. (1955). Notes upon a case of obsessional neurosis. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume X (1909): Two Case Histories (‘Little Hans’ and the ‘Rat Man’) (pp. 151-318).