Human Interactions 9-2

Being culturally sensitive by respecting your clients’ spirituality and religious traditions, in general, is an important professional comp

The Logan Family

Eboni Logan is a 16-year-old biracial African American/Caucasian female in 11th grade. She is an honors student, has been taking Advanced Placement courses, and runs track. Eboni plans to go to college and major in nursing. She is also active in choir and is a member of the

National Honor Society and the student council. For the last 6 months, Eboni has been working 10 hours a week at a fast food restaurant. She

recently passed her driver’s test and has received her license.

Eboni states that she believes in God, but she and her mother do not belong to any organized religion. Her father attends a Catholic church

regularly and takes Eboni with him on the weekends that she visits him.

Eboni does not smoke and denies any regular alcohol or drug usage. She does admit to occasionally drinking when she is at parties with

her friends, but denies ever being drunk. There is no criminal history. She has had no major health problems.

Eboni has been dating Darian for the past 4 months. He is a 17-year-old African American male. According to Eboni, Darian is also on the

track team and does well in school. He is a B student and would like to go to college, possibly for something computer related. Darian works at

a grocery store 10–15 hours a week. He is healthy and has no criminal issues. Darian also denies smoking or regular alcohol or drug usage. He

has been drunk a few times, but Eboni reports that he does not think it is a problem. Eboni and Darian became sexually active soon after they

started dating, and they were using withdrawal for birth control.

Eboni’s mother, Darlene, is 34 years old and also biracial African American/Caucasian. She works as an administrative assistant for a local

manufacturing company. Eboni has lived with her mother and her maternal grandmother, May, from the time she was born. May is a

55-year-old African American woman who works as a paraprofessional in an elementary school. They still live in the same apartment where

May raised Darlene.

Darlene met Eboni’s father, Anthony, when she was 17, the summer before their senior year in high school. Anthony is 34 years old and

Caucasian. They casually dated for about a month, and after they broke up, Darlene discovered she was pregnant and opted to keep the baby.

Although they never married each other, Anthony has been married twice and divorced once. He has four other children in addition to Eboni.

She visits her father and stepmother every other weekend. Anthony works as a mechanic and pays child support to Darlene.

Recently, Eboni took a pregnancy test and learned that she is 2 months pregnant. She actually did not know she was pregnant because her

periods were not always consistent and she thought she had just skipped a couple of months. Eboni immediately told her best friend, Brandy,

and then Darian about her pregnancy. He was shocked at first and suggested that it might be best to terminate. Darian has not told her

explicitly to get an abortion, but he feels he cannot provide for her and the baby as he would like and thinks they should wait to have children.

He eventually told her he would support her in any way he could, whatever she decides. Brandy encouraged Eboni to meet with the school

social worker.

During our first meeting, Eboni told me that she had taken a pregnancy test the previous week and it was positive. At that moment, the

only people who knew she was pregnant were her best friend and boyfriend. She had not told her parents and was not sure how to tell them.

She was very scared about what they would say to her. We talked about how she could tell them and discussed various responses she might

receive. Eboni agreed she would tell her parents over the weekend and see me the following Monday. During our meeting I asked her if she

used contraception, and she told me that she used the withdrawal method.

Eboni met with me that following Monday, as planned, and she was very tearful. She had told her parents and grandmother over the

weekend. Eboni shared that her mother and grandmother had become visibly upset when they learned of the pregnancy, and Darlene had yelled

and called her a slut. Darlene told Eboni she wanted her to have a different life than she had had and told her she should have an abortion. May

cried and held Eboni in her arms for a long time. When Eboni told her father, he was shocked and just kept shaking his head back and forth,

not saying a word. Then he told her that she had to have this child because abortion was a sin. He offered to help her and suggested that she

move in with him and her stepmother.

Darlene did not speak to Eboni for the rest of the weekend. Her grandmother said she was scheduling an appointment with the doctor to

make sure she really was pregnant. Eboni was apprehensive about going to the doctor, so we discussed what the first appointment usually

entails. I approached the topic of choices and decisions if it was confirmed that she was pregnant, and she said she had no idea what she would

do.

 

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PRINTED BY: whiten.daryl@gmail.com. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or

transmitted without publisher’s prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.

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etence (Furness & Gilligan, 2010). Applying your spiritual awareness to a specific client case, however, may require even greater skill. In this assignment, you consider how you might address a client’s crisis that includes a spiritual or religious component.

To prepare for this Assignment, review this week’s media about Eboni Logan’s visit with her school social worker.

Submit a 2.5- to 4-page APA paper that answers the following questions:

  • As Eboni’s social worker, would you include spirituality and religion in your initial assessment? Why or why not?
  • What strategies can you use to ensure that your personal values will not influence your practice with Eboni?
  • How would you address the crisis that Eboni is experiencing?

MAKE SURE TO USE REFERENCES I PROVIDED and UPLOADED

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

  • “The Logan Family” (pp. 9-10)

Laureate Education (Producer). (2013). Logan family: Episode 3 [Video file]. Retrieved from

Translating Knowledge From an Evaluation Report

Instructors and professors often comment that they learn much more about their subject matter when they begin to teach it. When they try to explain the topic to someone else they begin to connect concepts in new ways. They anticipate questions that students might ask, consider different viewpoints, and think more critically.

For this Discussion, take the perspective of someone who is instructing his or her colleagues and sharing your understanding of research methods and program evaluation.

To prepare for the Discussion, select an evaluation report from this week’s resources. Consider how you would present the information to a group of colleagues.

· Post an analysis of how you would present the results of the evaluation to a group of social work colleagues.

· Identify the background information that you think they would need and the key message of your presentation.

· Explain the strategies that you might use to meet your colleagues’ interests and goals. Identify questions that your colleagues might have and what their reactions might be.

Reference (use 3 or more)

Hendricks, G., & Barkley, W. (2012). Necessary, but not sufficient: The McKinney-Vento Act and academic achievement in North Carolina. Children & Schools,34(3), 179–185.

Law, B. M. F., & Shek, D. T. L. (2011). Process evaluation of a positive youth development program: Project P.A.T.H.S.Research on Social Work Practice,21(5), 539–548.

Mallett, C. A. (2012). The school success program: Improving maltreated children’s academic and school-related outcomes. Children & Schools,34(1), 13–26.

Reupert, A., Foster, K., Maybery, D., Eddy, K., & Fudge, E. (2011). ‘Keeping families and children in mind’: An evaluation of a web-based workforce resource. Child & Family Social Work,16(2), 192–200.

Discussion 2: Contemplating Your Future

The NASW Code of Ethics makes a number of statements about social workers’ responsibility to study, use, and engage in research and evaluation. In the past, many social workers had difficulty thinking of themselves as knowledgeable and capable in research, despite completing the required research course in school. Think of yourself as a part of a new breed of social workers. You are completing your education at a point in time that places great emphasis on both research and evaluation. You also have greater access to published research than ever before. Research knowledge and skills are like muscles—if you do not use them, they will atrophy. You have an ethical obligation as a social worker to exercise and flex your research muscle. Consider how the NASW Code of Ethics guides your professional research.

· Post an analysis of how you can apply new knowledge and skills related to research and evaluation, acquired in this course to your future career.

·  Identify specific knowledge and strategies and how you intend to apply them.

·  Identify those skills that you believe will be most applicable to achieving your future goals.

Reference (use 3 or more)

Hendricks, G., & Barkley, W. (2012). Necessary, but not sufficient: The McKinney-Vento Act and academic achievement in North Carolina. Children & Schools,34(3), 179–185.

Law, B. M. F., & Shek, D. T. L. (2011). Process evaluation of a positive youth development program: Project P.A.T.H.S.Research on Social Work Practice,21(5), 539–548.

Mallett, C. A. (2012). The school success program: Improving maltreated children’s academic and school-related outcomes. Children & Schools,34(1), 13–26.

Reupert, A., Foster, K., Maybery, D., Eddy, K., & Fudge, E. (2011). ‘Keeping families and children in mind’: An evaluation of a web-based workforce resource. Child & Family Social Work,16(2), 192–200.

Discussion 3: Future Career Goals

What are your short- and long-term professional goals? Do they include moving into a leadership and management position? Transitioning from clinical to administrative roles is not uncommon in social work practice. It is useful, however, to think about relevant skills, knowledge, and professional experiences that will prepare you for the transition. In addition, you should consider the personal benefits and challenges of assuming a leadership role.

·  Post your thoughts about your future career goals, your interest in moving into leadership or management positions, and the benefits and challenges of a social work administrator’s role.

References (use 2 or more)

Gothard, S., Carnochan, S., Regan, K., Samples, M., & Austin, M. J. (2012). Becoming a manager in nonprofit human service organizations: Making the transition from specialist to generalist. Mack Center on Nonprofit and Public Sector Management in the Human Services. School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from http://mackcenter.berkeley.edu/assets/files/articles/Becoming%20a%20Manager%20Final%20Draft%20Jan%202012.pdf

Discussion 4: Perspectives on Leadership

What is a leader? This may seem like a simple question, but an individual’s response to the question may depend on the individual and his or her situation. Leadership contains elements of personality, personal characteristics, skills, and knowledge. Leadership can be demonstrated within human services organizations as well as in the organizations’ interactions with stakeholders in the community.

As you consider all you have explored about leadership in this course, what new perspectives have you gained regarding this topic? Consider how you might apply your discoveries to your career planning and development.

References (use 2 or more)

Gothard, S., Carnochan, S., Regan, K., Samples, M., & Austin, M. J. (2012). Becoming a manager in nonprofit human service organizations: Making the transition from specialist to generalist. Mack Center on Nonprofit and Public Sector Management in the Human Services. School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from http://mackcenter.berkeley.edu/assets/files/articles/Becoming%20a%20Manager%20Final%20Draft%20Jan%202012.pdf

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. Spontaneous emotion regulation and attentional control Emotion

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Research Critique

The article by(Morillas-Romero et al., 2015) entitled the “Spontaneous Emotion Regulation and Attentional Control Emotion” is a well-structured research paper featuring the key fundamentals of an academic study paper,  as discussed below. Firstly, the purpose of the research question,  is to determine whether self-reported attention control (AC) and the attentional network functioning would forecast the spontaneous downregulation after an initiation of emotion, is the logical extension of the study in the article. Additionally, as stated, it is evident that the research question is precise, clear, logical and complete, which makes it well understood to every reader. Therefore, it can be said that it is the best question to address  study problem that is under evaluation. However, the research question does not align with the study design which is quantitative in nature since it doesn’t capture on the empirical approach used. Hence the reader is not at a glance made aware of the events they are looking forward to encountering as they go through the work.

Being a quantitative study, the authors, (Morillas-Romero et al. 2015)managed to develop a structured study article based on the following attributes. Firstly, the major variables  are the attention control (AC) and the attention network functioning that are properly stipulated by the descriptive study question. The inferential study questions showed the relation between the main study variables appropriately as seen in the introductory part of the survey. Additionally, the inferential questions of the study are properly aligned with the identified research theories. Additionally, the study inferential questions the variables are correctly positioned starting with the independent variables such as the attention control and the attention networking functioning followed by a dependent variable which the emotional reactivity is (Morillas-Romero et al. 2015). An alternative hypothesis is provided and concerns variance in the discomfort ratings which is said to be, because of individual differences in the Preinduction Discomfort Ratings in which the authors have a different perceptive about and avoid considering issues addressed by the null hypothesis in their study (Morillas-Romero et al. 2015). Definitively, the hypothesis of the study, that is, low self-reported AC, diminished function in orientation networking and reduced effectiveness of the executive network functioning control would result in less ability to spontaneous downregulation of the picture induced emotions, is properly in alignment with the research question (Morillas-Romero et al. 2015).

In conclusion,  implementation  of participants totals of 142 healthy university students and staff members (102 women and 40 men, Mage  29.5 years; SD  10.01; range  18–55) agreed voluntarily to participate and signed an informed consent form. Participants were recruited via electronic or posted advertisements. No a priori criteria, based on any psychological (e.g., high/low anxiety) or sociodemographic (e.g., gender, educational level) characteristics, was established for recruiting participants. Additionally, to test five potential predictors of the emotional induction/SER task indices using multiple hierarchical regression models, a minimum sample size of 92 participants was necessary to detect medium effects (Cohen’s f2 .15) with at least 80% power (error .05). To compute the minimum sample size, the GPower tool (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2007) was used. Hence, the study shows are recommendable as it indicates most features of an effective quantitative study (Morillas-Romero et al. 2015).  The type of a quantitative design used was experimental with randomized controlled trials,

References:

Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2007 as cited in Morillas-Romero, A., Tortella-Feliu, M., Balle, M., & Bornas, X. (2015). Spontanous emotion regulation and attentional control Emotion. 15(2),162-175 doi:10.1037/emo0000016

Morillas-Romero, A., Tortella-Feliu, M., Balle, M., & Bornas, X. (2015). Spontaneous emotion regulation and attentional control Emotion. 15(2),162-175 doi:10.1037/emo0000016

but what happens if a research does a power analysis using something like GPower and it recommends using say 50 subjects but the researcher only included 25.  What impact does it have on the study?

Reliability And Validity

Exercise 2: Reliability and Validity

For this exercise, your task is to estimate the reliability and validity of a measure of Need for Cognition (nCog; Cacioppo & Petty, 1982; Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984).

An SPSS data file is included in the assignment folder, with responses from 294 college students. Within the data file you will find raw scores for nCog items, as well as composite scores for several other variables (see page 2 for descriptions).

Your tasks for this assignment are described below. To answer each of these questions, run the analyses using SPSS and report relevant information in your write-up (i.e., the reliability or validity coefficient). Write a report explaining your findings for each of the questions above. Provide an interpretation of what the results mean. In other words, explain your findings in sufficient detail so that another person could understand what you examined and why.

Reliability

  1. Estimate Coefficient Alpha for nCog using the items in the data set.
  2. Estimate test-retest reliability for nCog – data were collected 2 weeks after the original nCog data (NCOG_T2).

Criterion-Related Validity 

  1. Report the criterion-related validity estimate for nCog using College GPA (CollegeGPA).
  2. Report the criterion-related validity estimate for nCog using Student Satisfaction (StudentSat).
  3. Report the incremental validity estimate of nCog above and beyond High School GPA (HS_GPA) and ACT Scores (ACT) in predicting College GPA (CollegeGPA).
  4. Report the incremental validity estimate of nCog above and beyond High School GPA (HS_GPA) and ACT Scores (ACT) in predicting Student Satisfaction (StudentSat).

Construct-Related Validity 

  1. Report convergent validity evidence using Intrinsic Motivation (IntMot) and Mastery Goal Orientation (MGO).
  2. Report discriminant validity evidence using Extrinsic Motivation (ExtMot), Performance Approach Goal Orientation (AppGO), Performance Avoid Goal Orientation (AvdGO), and Social Desirability (SocDes).

 

Variables in Data Set/Assignment

Need for Cognition –described as a drive to understand situations and the world around us (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982; Cacioppo et al., 1984). People with a high need for cognition tend to enjoy problem solving, abstract reasoning, and enjoy complex situations/problems. Items were rated on a 5-point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree), and higher scores indicate higher levels of the construct. Items were taken from Cacioppo et al. (1984), in the attached article.  Note that several of these items are reverse-scored. You will need to re-code them prior to running the analyses.

High School GPA – is cumulative, high school grade point average, on a 4.0 scale. Scores were taken from admissions records.

ACT Scores – ACT scores were gathered from university records.

College GPA – is cumulative, college grade point average on a 4.0 scale. This was taken from university records. In this study College GPA was collected one year after Need for Cognition was measured.

Student Satisfaction – is the extent that students are satisfied with their experiences at the university. Six items were written for the purpose of conducting this study. Cronbach’s alpha for this scale was .90. In this study student satisfaction was collected one year after Need for Cognition was measured.

Academic Motivation focuses on the reasons that students go to college. This is based on Deci and Ryan’s (1985) self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000). For the purposes of this data collection ten items were written to measure intrinsic motivation and ten items were written to measure extrinsic motivation.

  • Intrinsic Motivation – is based on a drive to learn and accumulate knowledge. The process of learning itself is internally motivating for individuals with a high level of intrinsic motivation. Coefficient alpha for this scale was .92.
  • Extrinsic Motivation – is based on the anticipation of some other, external reward, Individuals with a high level of intrinsic motivation are less interested in learning itself, but motivated because with a college degree they are more likely to obtain a high-paying job or promotion at work. Coefficient alpha for this scale was .87.

Goal Orientation – reflects the purpose, or type of goal that a person aims to achieve when pursuing a particular task (Elliot et al., 1999). This can be composed of mastery goal orientation, performance approach goal orientation, and performance avoid goal orientation. Seven items were written to measure each of the three dimensions below.

  • Mastery Goal Orientation – has a focus on improving oneself as a function of task pursuit, and is often associated with deep-level processing and drive to learn and understand material (e.g., expanding one’s knowledge). Coefficient alpha for this scale was .90.
  • Performance Approach Goal Orientation – is associated with achieving positive outcomes and successful task accomplishment. However, this is more often associated with surface-level processing, with a focus on simply obtaining task outcomes (e.g., getting a good grade). Coefficient alpha for this scale was .83.
  • Performance Avoid Goal Orientation – is also focused on achieving outcomes, but specifically on avoiding failure or negative outcomes. Instead of focusing on learning material or getting a favorable grade or expanding one’s knowledge, the focus remains on not failing a class, for example.   Coefficient alpha for this scale was .89.

Social Desirability – involves providing what would be perceived as favorable, or socially desirable, responses (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960). The KR20 internal consistency estimate for this scale was .87.
References

Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116-131.

Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 3, 306-307.

Crowne, D.P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349–354.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum.

Elliott, A. J., McGregor, H. A., & Gable, S. (1999). Achievement goals, study strategies, and exam performance: A mediational analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 549-563.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.