An Introduction to Management Science

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Projectile Motion

Carolina Distance Learning

Investigation Manual

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Overview …………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3

Time Requirements ………………………………………………………………………….. 3

Background …………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

Materials ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7

Safety ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

Preparation ……………………………………………………………………………………… 8

Activity 1: Projectile launched in a horizontal direction. ………………. 10

Data Table …………………………………………………………………………………….. 12

 

 

 

 

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Overview

In this investigation, students will explore two-dimensional motion and learn how

vectors are used to describe the trajectory of an object. Students will observe the

motion of an object launched horizontally at various speeds, and they will learn how

to predict the motion of the launched object using their prior knowledge of kinematics

combined with new knowledge of vectors and the trajectory of projectiles.

 

Objectives

 Describe what factors affect the trajectory of a projectile

 Explain how vectors are used to describe two-dimensional and projectile motion

 Predict the trajectory of a horizontally launched projectile using vectors and

kinematics equations.

 

Time Requirements

Preparation …………………………………………………………………………………15 minutes

Activity 1 …………………………………………………………………………………….30 minutes

Activity 2 …………………………………………………………………………………….20 minutes

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Background

Projectiles are objects that are given an initial velocity and subsequently travel along

their trajectory (flight path) due to their own inertia. Vectors describe the velocity,

acceleration, and forces that act upon a projectile in terms of direction and

magnitude. The principles of vector addition are used to understand and predict the

trajectory of projectiles and can be used in other applications of two-dimensional

motion, such as circular motion or the elliptical orbits of planets and comets.

Therefore, vector addition is an important subject in the field of mechanics, a branch

of physics that studies how physical bodies behave when subjected to forces or

displacements.

Once the motion of a projectile is understood, knowledge of a few initial parameters

can allow the calculation of many aspects of the projectile’s trajectory, such as the

maximum height, the time of flight, and the range, or the horizontal distance the

object will travel.

A simple example of a projectile is a ball that is thrown. A ball thrown with less force

has a lower speed and hits the ground sooner and nearer than the same ball thrown

with greater force. However, the angle at which the ball is thrown also affects the

trajectory of the ball. Which matters more, the initial speed or the release angle?

What happens when a ball is thrown at a high speed, but at a shallow angle? Will it

travel farther than a ball traveling at a low speed at a greater angle? The answers to

these questions can all be calculated by applying kinematics equations and some

knowledge about vectors.

Projectiles will tend to follow a parabolic trajectory. If you draw a line that follows the

movement of a ball after you throw it, you would see the shape of a parabola. The

shape of the parabola depends on the initial speed and the release angle, but all

projectiles launched at an angle follow this parabolic curve (see Figure 1).

 

Figure 1.

 

 

 

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In order to understand the motion of a projectile, it helps to consider the object as

moving in two dimensions, the vertical (y) direction and the horizontal (x) direction.

The velocity of the projectile at any given time can be broken down or resolved into a

vector in the x direction and a vector in the y direction. The magnitudes of these

vectors are independent of one another. Gravity only affects the vertical component

of the velocity, not the horizontal component.

Consider Figure 1. When the projectile is launched, the velocity, v, consists of two

independent, perpendicular components, vx, and vy. If air resistance is negligible, the

horizontal component of the velocity, vx, remains constant, whereas the vertical

component of the velocity vy changes due to gravitational acceleration. The initial

value for vy decreases as the projectile travels to the highest point in the parabolic arc

and then increases in the opposite direction as the projectile descends. If air

resistance is negligible, the vertical velocity of the projectile when it returns to the

elevation from which it was launched will have the same magnitude as when the

projectile was launched, but the direction will have turned 180°.

Consider two projectiles launched horizontally at exactly the same time and from the

same height, but one projectile has an initial velocity that is twice the other projectile.

If the ground beneath the projectiles is level and air resistance is ignored, both

projectiles will land on the ground at the same time. This may seem counter intuitive,

because the projectile with the greater speed is traveling farther, but experimentation

proves that the time of flight of both projectiles will be the same, and both projectiles

will land at the same time. The projectile with the greater velocity will land farther and

its parabolic trajectory will be different, but the time for the two projectiles to reach

the ground is the same.

When air resistance is taken into account, the mathematics describing the motion of

projectiles can be challenging, but in many cases the air resistance is negligible and

can be ignored. If air resistance is ignored, the motion of a projectile can be

described by kinematics equations. The motion in the horizontal direction is constant

and can be described with this simple equation:

𝑣𝑥 = 𝑥

𝑡

where vx is the magnitude of the horizontal component of the projectile’s velocity, x is

the horizontal distance that the object travels, and t is the time. Although the

projectile’s velocity in the horizontal direction is constant, its velocity in the y direction

is constantly being accelerated by gravity at a rate of g = 9.8 m/s2.

If a projectile is fired at an angle of 0° from the horizontal (i.e. in the x direction), the time

for the projectile to fall to the ground depends only on the initial height and the

acceleration due to gravity. The time is independent of the horizontal velocity.

The motion of the projectile in the y direction, which is affected due to the acceleration

of gravity, can be described by kinematics equations, as follows:

 

 

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𝑦 = 1

2 𝒂𝑡2 + 𝒗𝒚𝟏𝛥𝑡

𝒗𝑦2 2 = 𝒗𝑦1

2 + 2𝒂𝒚

𝒗𝑦2 = 𝒗𝑦1 + 𝒂𝛥𝑡

𝑦 = 1

2 (𝒗𝒚𝟏 + 𝒗𝒚𝟐)𝛥

 

where y is the displacement of the projectile in the y direction, a is the acceleration in

the y direction (which in this context is equal to the acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8

m/s2), vy2 is the velocity of the object in the y direction at time t2, vy1 is the velocity in the

y direction at time t1, and t is the time of flight between t1 and t2.

Because the magnitudes of perpendicular vectors are independent of each other, the

time that a projectile travels can be calculated by considering only the vertical

component of the velocity. Once the time of flight for the projectile is known, the

horizontal distance that the object travels can be calculated by multiplying this time by

the horizontal speed of the projectile.

In this activity, you will predict and then measure the horizontal distance of a projectile

launched from an elevated position with an initial velocity that has only a horizontal

component. In order to measure the horizontal distance that the projectile will travel,

you will need to know the horizontal speed of the projectile, and the time that the

projectile will be in the air.

The projectile in this activity will be the steel sphere from the mechanics materials kit.

The sphere will roll down an incline using the angle bar as a track, then transition to a

grooved ruler so that it will travel horizontally when it leaves the table. You will apply

your knowledge of kinematics to determine the velocity of the sphere as it leaves the

table.

Since the sphere has no vertical velocity as it leaves the table, the time for the sphere

to reach the ground is determined only by the height of the table and the

acceleration due to gravity, which will be g = 9.8 m/s2.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Materials

 

Included in the Mechanics Module kit:

Metal Sphere 1

Acrylic Sphere 1

Angle Bar 1

Clay 1

 

Needed from the Central Materials set:

 

Ruler 1

String 1

Washer 1

Tape Measure 1

Protractor 1

 

Needed, but not supplied:

 

Book 1

Masking Tape 1

Calculator 1

 

Reorder Information: Replacement supplies for the Projectile Motion investigation can

be ordered from Carolina Biological Supply Company, Conceptual Physics Mechanics

Module kit 580404.

Call 1-800-334-5551 to order.

 

 

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Safety

 

 

Safety Goggles should be worn at all times during this

experiment.

 

Read all the instructions for this laboratory activity before beginning. Follow the

instructions closely and observe established laboratory safety practices, including

the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) as described in the

Safety and Procedure section.

Safety Goggles should be worn during this experiment.

Do not eat, drink, or chew gum while performing this activity. Wash your hands with

soap and water before and after performing the activity. Clean up the work area

with soap and water after completing the investigation. Keep pets and children

away from lab materials and equipment.

 

Preparation

1. Locate a smooth, level surface or table at least 70 cm from the floor.

2. Clear the table and the floor in front of the table.

3. Place the book on the table so that one end of the angle bar may rest on the

book and the other end stops about 5 centimeters from the end of the table

(see Figure 2).

4. Place some clay on the book to create a seat for the angle bar.

5. Place the grooved ruler at the end of the angle bar so that the angle bar rests in

the groove of the ruler, and the ruler runs to the end of the table.

 

6. Tape the yellow ruler to the table to keep the ruler in place. Place the tape

behind the point where the angle bar rests on the ruler so that the tape does not

interfere with the sphere as it rolls.

Note: For this experiment the sphere must roll down the angle bar and leave

the table with a horizontal velocity. The groove in the ruler allows the

sphere to transition from the incline to a horizontal direction.

 

 

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7. On the edge of the table, just below the end of the ruler, tape a piece of string

and allow it to hang vertically from the table. The string should stop about 3 cm

from the floor.

8. At the bottom end of the string, tie a washer. This is a plumb line, and it will allow

you to find the point on the floor directly below the point where the sphere will

leave the table.

Measure the angle of the angle bar vs the table with the protractor (see Figure

2). Record the value in the Data Table in the column titled θ for Trial 1.

 

9. Mark a point about 3 cm from the higher end of the angle bar. This will be the

start point.

10. Take a photograph of your complete setup.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2

Book

 

 

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Activity 1: Projectile launched in a horizontal direction.

 

1. Measure straight down from the top of the table to the floor with the tape

measure. Follow the plumb line to make sure the tape measure is straight.

2. Rearrange the kinematics equation for vertical displacement s to give an

equation for time. Calculate the value for time using this equation and write it in

the Data Table. This time should be the same for each trial.

 

𝒔 = 1

2 𝒂∆𝑡2

In other words,

𝑡 = √ 2𝑠

𝒂

 

Because the sphere is in free-fall after it leaves the table, the acceleration will be

equal to gravitational acceleration:

𝒂 = 𝒈 = 9.8 𝑚

𝑠2

The displacement s is the vertical height from the table to the floor.

𝒔 = ℎ

Therefore, the equation for the time of flight, t, can be rewritten as

 

𝑡 = √ 2ℎ

𝒈

 

3. Calculate the horizontal velocity the sphere will have as it leaves the table by

calculating the velocity of the sphere at the bottom of the incline.

 

First calculate the acceleration of the sphere as it rolls down the incline. The

acceleration of the sphere as it rolls is given by:

𝒂 = 0.7𝒈 sin 𝜃

substitute the angle of the incline for θ, and record the value for acceleration in

the Data Table.

 

4. Use this value for the acceleration to find the horizontal speed of the sphere as it

leaves the table, by applying the following kinematics equation:

 

 

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𝒗𝑥 2 = 𝒗1

2 + 2𝒂𝒔

where vx is the translational velocity of the sphere as it reaches the bottom of the

track, v1 is the initial velocity of the sphere, and is 0 m/s, because the marble will

be released from rest. a is the acceleration of the sphere. s is the length of the

track from the start point to the end of the slope. Assume the sphere travels at

this speed along the length of the horizontal ruler.

 

Rearrange the equation and substitute the value for a from the previous

calculation, and the length of the angle bar from the start point to the end of

the ramp.

𝑣𝑥 = √2𝑎𝑠

 

Record the value for vx in the Data Table.

 

5. Multiply the value for the horizontal velocity, vx by the time found in step 2.

Record the value (in meters) in the Data Table.

This is the distance that the sphere will travel before it strikes the floor.

6. Using the tape measure, find the point on the floor that is at the same distance

from the table as the value calculated in step 5. Measure from directly beneath

the plumb line, and measure in the same direction that the angle bar is pointing.

7. Place the sphere at the start point on the high end of the angle bar.

8. Release the sphere, and allow the sphere to roll down the angle bar, to the

grooved ruler, and off the table. The sphere should land on or close to the point

you marked on the floor.

9. Measure the distance to the point where the steel sphere struck the floor.

10. Find the percent error between the distance you calculated and the distance

actually traveled by the sphere.

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = |𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙|

𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑥 100%

11. Repeat the experiment with the acrylic sphere.

12. Repeat the experiment using both the steel and acrylic spheres, increasing the

angle by 5° then 10°.

 

 

 

 

 

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Data Table

Data Table

Trial Sphere θ a = 0.71(9.8)sinθ

𝒗𝒙 = √2𝒂𝒔 𝑡 = √

2ℎ

𝒈

Calculated

Distance 𝑥 = 𝒗𝒙𝑡

Actual

Distance

Percent

Difference

1 Steel

2 Steel +5°

3 Steel +10°

4 Acrylic

5 Acrylic +5°

6 Acrylic +10°

Buoyant Force and Archimedes Principle

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Buoyant Force and Archimedes Principle

 

Pre-Lab Questions

1. Draw a free body diagram of a hanging mass before it is submerged in water. Make sure to label your forces.

 

2. Draw a free body diagram of a hanging mass after it is submerged in water. Make sure to label your forces. Which force is the force you measure with the spring scale?

 

 

3. Apply Newton’s second law to your free body diagram in Pre-Lab Question 2 to solve for the magnitude of the buoyant force.

 

Experiment 1: Buoyant Force and Floating

Data Sheet

Table 1. Number of Washers a Clay Boat Can Hold Before Sinking

Type of Liquid Number of Washers
Plain Water  
Salt Water  

 

Post-Lab Questions

1. What did you observe when you placed the ball of clay into the beaker?

 

2. What were characteristics of the boat design that floated the best? Explain why this works, and the clay ball fails to float using Archimedes’ Principle.

 

 

3. How much water does an object have to displace before it will float?

4. If your clay boat weighs .005 kg and is floating, what is the upward force the water is exerting on the boat?

 

 

5. How could you improve your boat design to increase the buoyant force without using more clay?

 

6. In the second part of the experiment, does the boat hold more weight in the regular water or the salt mixture? What does this say about the relative densities of salt water and plain water?

 

 

©eScience Labs, 2018

Describe thermodynamic concepts and their applications.

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Unit VIII Problem Solving Worksheet

This assignment will allow you to demonstrate the following objectives:

 

Describe thermodynamic concepts and their applications.

Extend the first law of thermodynamics to various daily life activities.

Identify the maximum efficiency of a heat engine.

Explain the role of latent heat while phases are changing.

 

Instructions: Choose 8 of the 10 problems below. Show your work in detail. Answer the questions directly in this template. Before doing this, it is highly recommending that you thoroughly review the four examples in the Unit Lesson.

 

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is e=1-Tc/TH, where Tc is a temperature of the cold reservoir and TH is a temperature of the hot reservoir. What is the condition to have 100% efficiency? Hint: What is the mathematical condition for Tc/TH to be zero.

 

Suppose the work done to compress a gas is 100 J. If 70 J of heat is lost in the process, what is the change in the internal energy of the gas? Hint: Use the first law of thermodynamics. The internal energy of a system changes due to heat (Q) and work (W): U=Q-W. The change in internal energy is equivalent to the difference between the heat added to the system and the work done by the system. Think if the work done is to the system or by the system. This determines the sign of W.

 

An engine’s fuel is heated to 2,000 K and the surrounding air is 300 K. Calculate the ideal efficiency of the engine. Hint: The efficiency (e) of a Carnot engine is defined as the ratio of the work (W) done by the engine to the input heat QH : e=W/QH. W=QH – QC, where Qc is the output heat. That is, e=1-Qc/QH =1-Tc/TH, where Tc for a temperature of the cold reservoir and TH for a temperature of the hot reservoir. The unit of temperature must be in Kelvin.

 

Mr. White claims that he invented a heat engine with a maximum efficiency of 90%. He measured the temperature of the hot reservoir as 100o C and that of cold reservoir as 10o C. Find the error that he made and calculate the correct efficiency. Hint: The efficiency (e) of a Carnot engine is defined as the ratio of the work (W) done by the engine to the input heat QH : e=W/QH. W=QH – QC, where Qc is the output heat. That is, e=1-Qc/QH =1-Tc/TH, where Tc for a temperature of the cold reservoir and TH for a temperature of the hot reservoir. The unit of temperature must be in Kelvin.

 

How much energy is needed to change 100 g of 0o C ice to 0o C water? The latent heat of fusion for water L=335,000 J/kg. Hint: The heat (Q) used to change from one phase to another phase of the matter is Q=mL, where L is the latent heat. Its unit is J/kg.

 

It was determined in the 19th century that the normal human body temperature is 98.6o F. A more recent study found that it is 98.2o F. Express the difference in the temperature in Celsius. Hint: Use the converting formula between Fahrenheit and Celsius scales: F=9/5C +32. Be careful about the unit.

 

Suppose 0.5 kg of blood flows from the interior to the surface of John’s body while he is exercising. The released energy is 2,000 J. The specific heat capacity of blood is 4,186 J/kgo C. What is the temperature difference between when the blood arrives at the body surface and returns back to the interior of the body? Hint: Use the formula regarding heat Q, specific heat capacity c, mass m, and temperature change dT. Q= cm dT. Please look at p.290 in our textbook. Also, review Example 1 with its solution in Study Guide.

 

A student does 1,000 J of work when she moves to her dormitory. Her internal energy is decreased by 3,000 J. Determine the heat during this process. Does she gain or lose her heat? Hint: Use the first law of thermodynamics. The internal energy of a system changes due to heat Q and work done W: U=Q-W. Also, look at a similar case, Example 3 with its solution in Study Guide.

 

In a construction site, 2 kg of aluminum shows the increment of temperature by 5oC. Ignoring the work, what is the change in the internal energy of the material? The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 900 J/kg oC. Hint: The internal energy of a system changes due to heat Q and work done W: U=Q-W. If we ignore, the work, the internal energy U is identical to the heat Q of the system. We know that relation between heat Q, specific heat capacity c, mass m, and temperature change dT; Q= cm dT. That is, U=Q=cm dT.

 

The input heat of a Carnot engine is 3,000 J. The temperature of a hot reservoir is 600 K and that of a cold reservoir is 300 K. What is the work done? Hint: The efficiency e of a Carnot engine is defined as the ratio of the work done, W, by the engine to the input heat QH : e=W/QH. W=QH – QC, where Qc is the output heat. That is, e=1-Qc/QH =1-Tc/TH, where Tc for a temperature of the cold reservoir and TH for a temperature of the hot reservoir. The unit of temperature must be in Kelvin.

Use the formula, e=1-Tc/TH. Please review the Example 4 with its solution in Study Guide. Once you evaluate, you can find the work done of the system using the formula, e=W/QH

Hlth 600

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Results Displayed Feedback

· Question 1

0 out of 2 points

   
  The chi-square statistic is often used in behavioral data to test for relationships between variables. This procedure is based on the null hypothesis of no association or independence. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding this analytic technique?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 2

2 out of 2 points

   
  Multiple logistic regression analysis applies when there is a single dichotomous outcome and more than one independent variable.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 3

2 out of 2 points

   
  For a two-tailed test using z values at the 5% significance level we reject H0:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 4

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following measures is least affected by extreme or outlying values in a dataset?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 5

0 out of 2 points

   
  What is the first summary statistic for a continuous variable?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 6

0 out of 2 points

   
  The following are HDL levels measured in healthy females.  60        63        60        58        60        70        54        72        80        75      78      77   Calculate the range      
 
 

 

      

· Question 7

2 out of 2 points

   
  What is the median blood glucose level of the following data set collected from 8 individuals: 89, 95, 99, 102, 107, 108, 111, and 119?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 8

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following types of bias is most commonly associated with a case-control study?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 9

0 out of 2 points

   
  A study is designed to evaluate the impact of a daily multivitamin on students’ academic performance. One hundred sixty students are randomly assigned to receive either the multivitamin or a placebo and are instructed to take the assigned drug daily for 20 days. On day 20, each student takes a standardized exam and the mean exam scores are compared between groups. This study is an example of a      
 
 

 

      

· Question 10

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following is true about a positively skewed distribution of data?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 11

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following types of mutation describes a point mutation?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 12

2 out of 2 points

   
  “Agent Orange” was used in Vietnam by the U.S. military as a:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 13

2 out of 2 points

   
  Health consequences of secondhand tobacco smoke have been persistently observed. There is biological plausibility of exposure to secondhand smoke causing adverse neurodevelopmental effects in children whose parents smoke. Which of the following statements is (are) accurate concerning the health effects of secondhand smoke?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 14

2 out of 2 points

   
  The first large-scale use of DDT occurred in Italy in 1943 when the insecticide was used for dusting refugees in a successful attempt to prevent an outbreak of a deadly disease spread by body lice which frequently occurs under wartime conditions of overcrowding and poor sanitation. What disease did DDT prevent in this situation?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 15

2 out of 2 points

   
  About ranges of tolerance for limiting factors, which of the following population groups is most sensitive to adverse environmental conditions?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 16

2 out of 2 points

   
  What is the most common type of genetic mutation in humans?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 17

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which waterborne disease that is caused by a protozoan present in the intestinal tract of both humans and wild animals may occur among campers in wilderness areas who unwittingly swallow pathogenic cysts when they drink unfiltered water from mountain streams?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 18

0 out of 2 points

   
  Long-term, low-level exposure electromagnetic fields may cause adverse health effects via “chronic” health impacts, or otherwise influence people’s wellbeing. Scientific knowledge about the health effects of electromagnetic fields is substantial and is based on a large number of epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies. Many health outcomes have been examined. Which of the following health outcomes have been consistently linked with electromagnetic fields?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 19

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following teratogens is associated with vaginal cancer in girls and genital cancer in boys?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 20

0 out of 2 points

   
  What does the term “hazard” refer to?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 21

2 out of 2 points

   
  A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of a positive test.

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 22

2 out of 2 points

   
  A total of 850 insulation workers employed between 1940 and 1945 was identified from the personnel records of three large insulation manufacturing plants in the Midwestern U.S. in 1980. During the period 1940-1980, 28 deaths from lung cancer were discovered among the workers. Only eight lung cancer deaths, however, were reported among a comparable group of 800 coworkers who did not work with insulation during the same time period. The investigators had hypothesized that exposure to the insulation material increases the risk of lung cancer. Which epidemiology study design best represents this description?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 23

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following measures of disease burden is determined from a screening test?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 24

0 out of 2 points

   
  An epidemiologic survey of skate board injuries in Caseville, a city with a population of 100,000 (population size at midpoint (mid-interval) of the year), had the following data for a given year: Number of skate boarders in Caseville during any given month                   9,000 Skate board injuries in Caseville                                                                       500 Total number of residents injured from skate boarding                                 1,200 Total number of deaths from skate boarding                                                      50 Total number of deaths from all causes                                                            900   The cause-specific mortality rate from skate boarding was:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 25

2 out of 2 points

   
  The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 26

2 out of 2 points

   
  A type of bias that occurs due to measurement error in assessment of both exposure and disease is:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 27

2 out of 2 points

   
  In a trial of a cytotoxic drug for lung cancer treatment, the investigators reported 6 deaths among 60 patients treated with this agent, compared with 15 deaths among 58 controls on placebo. Calculate the attributable benefit of this agent in reducing lung cancer-related mortality in this population.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 28

2 out of 2 points

   
  In a clinical trial, an important aspect of the study design often involves the subjects not being aware of their group assignment with regard to treatment or placebo; this technique is used to alleviate bias in study results and is known as:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 29

2 out of 2 points

   
  A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of a negative test.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 30

2 out of 2 points

   
  In a case-control study of osteoporosis, 150 women were enrolled as cases and an equal number as controls. Among the cases 50 reported low calcium intake, while only 20 of the controls reported low calcium intake. Calculate the odds ratio in the association between low calcium intake and developing osteoporosis in this population.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 31

0 out of 2 points

   
  All of the following are commonly used to address quality chasms in healthcare except:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 32

0 out of 2 points

   
  You are part of a state health department performance management team tasked to evaluate the effectiveness of local public health departments statewide. Which of the following planning tools are you most likely to use to guide your performance measurements?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 33

0 out of 2 points

   
  The first ancient people to implement widespread use of public health practices were the      
 
 

 

      

· Question 34

0 out of 2 points

   
  While some skills overlap, it is commonly agreed that leadership and management are distinct functions that require different skill sets. This is true in public health as well as in private industry. You are the director of a large voluntary health agency. Which one of the following activities are you likely to perform in your role as the leader of the organization? (Note: differentiate this activity from those normally performed by managers.)      
 
 

 

      

· Question 35

2 out of 2 points

   
  You are the recreation director at a large inner city. You notice a dramatic drop in attendance in a usually popular aerobics class shortly after hiring a new instructor. You interview the dropouts who inform you they don’t like the calisthenics-like exercise routines the new instructor, a former Marine Corps PT trainer, uses in the class. This is an example of what type of program evaluation?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 36

0 out of 2 points

   
  Public health infrastructure can be measured in part by:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 37

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following national public health interventions for the primary prevention of tobacco use is likely to have the greatest effect?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 38

2 out of 2 points

   
  The Healthy People initiative was introduced in 1979 as a/an:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 39

2 out of 2 points

   
  In an attempt to increase diversity in your local public health department workforce you decide to obtain more information from candidates than merely their skills and experience. Which of the following questions can you legally ask in a face-to-face job interview when the information is not provided on the application?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 40

2 out of 2 points

   
  The FDA functions as the nation’s largest consumer protection agency. Among its activities, it investigates and regulates the efficacy and safety of:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 41

2 out of 2 points

   
  The United States spends significantly more on annual per capita health care costs than other industrialized countries but has only a mediocre life expectancy rate of its citizens. Which of the following statements best describes the implication of this finding?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 42

2 out of 2 points

   
  In the Genesis account of the fall, Eve decides to eat the fruit offered by the serpent after mentally rehearsing the benefits: “So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate, and she also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate” (Gen. 3:6). According to the PRECEDE Model, Eve was identifying __________ factors of her action.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 43

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following statements is true about the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 44

0 out of 2 points

   
  “Upstream” public health interventions are typically more effective than “downstream” ones in mitigating a health problem. All but one of the following are examples of “upstream” public health approaches. Which one is it?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 45

2 out of 2 points

   
  Sam wants to maintain a consistent practice of Bible study and prayer. He has tried doing regular devotions a few times, but just can’t seem to stay with them. He is now looking for study resources that might help in stay on track. Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Change is Sam in?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 46

2 out of 2 points

   
  An investigator is interested in a behavioral intervention that will increase self-efficacy in participants. In which of the following conditions will self-efficacy be an effective intervention tool in reducing risky behavior and maintaining healthful behavior?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 47

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which statement and its example is not true about self-efficacy as it relates to behavior change?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 48

2 out of 2 points

   
  As a health education specialist for a large national voluntary health agency, you are charged with promoting a new internet-based screening tool for breast cancer risk. It has already been beta tested and the research has been promising; now the agency wants to go public with it and encourage its use by the priority population of at risk women in America. Using diffusion theory as your guide, you choose to focus your initial promotional efforts on:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 49

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which part of a SMART objective is missing from the following learner outcome statement? Use the ABCDE model to guide your response. “By the end of the class on behavioral theory, students will accurately recall the stages of change in proper order, measured by a quiz.”      
 
 

 

      

· Question 50

0 out of 2 points

   
 

 

 

 

 

Exam

 Which one of the following is not associated with the PROCEED stage of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?      
         
           

· Question 1

0 out of 2 points

   
  What is the most appropriate graphical display for an ordinal variable?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 2

2 out of 2 points

   
  A new non-invasive screening test is proposed that is claimed to be able to identify patients with impaired glucose tolerance based on a battery of questions related to health behaviors. The new test is given to 75 patients.  Based on each patient’s responses to the questions they are classified as positive or negative for impaired glucose tolerance.  Each patient also submits a blood sample and their glucose tolerance status is determined.  The results are tabulated below.

Screening Test Impaired Glucose Tolerance Not Impaired
Positive 17 13
Negative 8 37

What is the sensitivity of the screening test?

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 3

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following is true concerning confounding?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 4

0 out of 2 points

   
  With a binomial distribution with n = 25 and p = 0.48, which is larger?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 5

0 out of 2 points

   
  An experiment is designed to investigate the impact of different positions of the mother during ultrasound on fetal heart rate. Fetal heart rate is measured by ultrasound in beats per minute. The study includes 20 women who are assigned to one position and have the fetal heart rate measured in that position. Each woman is between 28 and 32 weeks gestation.

  Source of variation   Sums of Squares (SS) Degrees of Freedom (df)   Mean Squares (MS)   F F Critical
Between treatments 96.2 3 32.1 4.7 3.24
Error or residual 110.8 16 6.9    
Total 207.0 19      

Based on the ANOVA results above which of the following is the correct conclusion?

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 6

2 out of 2 points

   
  The following are advantages of a prospective cohort study, except:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 7

2 out of 2 points

   
  Five hundred people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study.  At the start of the study, 50 have diagnosed CVD.  Over the course of the study, 40 people who were free of CVD at baseline develop CVD. What is the cumulative incidence of CVD over 10 years?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 8

0 out of 2 points

   
  The following are HDL levels measured in healthy females.  60        63        60        58        60        70        54        72        80        75      78      77 Calculate the mean      
 
 

 

      

· Question 9

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following measures is least affected by extreme or outlying values in a dataset?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 10

2 out of 2 points

   
  A simple random sample of 25,000 individuals are surveyed to determine the prevalence of individuals that contracted the flu in the past year. Assuming 4,250 individuals indicated they had been diagnosed with the flu at some point in the past year, what is the prevalence of flu for the past year, as indicated from the survey participants?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 11

2 out of 2 points

   
  The first large-scale use of DDT occurred in Italy in 1943 when the insecticide was used for dusting refugees in a successful attempt to prevent an outbreak of a deadly disease spread by body lice which frequently occurs under wartime conditions of overcrowding and poor sanitation. What disease did DDT prevent in this situation?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 12

2 out of 2 points

   
  Why is radon gas in homes considered a problem?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 13

2 out of 2 points

   
  The limit beyond which an environment cannot support a population is called its:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 14

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following statements about noise is false?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 15

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following foodborne diseases is particularly worrisome to public health officials because the pathogen involved can grow quite well at temperatures considerably lower than those within the “Danger Zone”?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 16

0 out of 2 points

   
  Health consequences of secondhand tobacco smoke have been persistently observed. There is biological plausibility of exposure to secondhand smoke causing adverse neurodevelopmental effects in children whose parents smoke. Which of the following statements is (are) accurate concerning the health effects of secondhand smoke?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 17

0 out of 2 points

   
  Transport is the dominant means of air pollution in urban areas. Which of the following is a (are) known source(s) of air pollution that has been associated with transport?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 18

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which waterborne disease that is caused by a protozoan present in the intestinal tract of both humans and wild animals may occur among campers in wilderness areas who unwittingly swallow pathogenic cysts when they drink unfiltered water from mountain streams?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 19

2 out of 2 points

   
  About ranges of tolerance for limiting factors, which of the following population groups is most sensitive to adverse environmental conditions?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 20

2 out of 2 points

   
  Lyme disease is a newly recognized ailment transmitted by the bite of which of these pests?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 21

2 out of 2 points

   
  The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 22

2 out of 2 points

   
  Based on the following data, what is the most likely infective food that caused illness?

  People Who Ate Food People Who Did Not Eat
Food Sick Well Sick Well
Herring 200 800 100 900
Oysters 300 700 400 600
Spinach 200 800 500 500
Chicken 650 350 100 900

 

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 23

2 out of 2 points

   
  A total of 850 insulation workers employed between 1940 and 1945 was identified from the personnel records of three large insulation manufacturing plants in the Midwestern U.S. in 1980. During the period 1940-1980, 28 deaths from lung cancer were discovered among the workers. Only eight lung cancer deaths, however, were reported among a comparable group of 800 coworkers who did not work with insulation during the same time period. The investigators had hypothesized that exposure to the insulation material increases the risk of lung cancer. Which epidemiology study design best represents this description?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 24

2 out of 2 points

   
  A major health insurance company is considering nationwide implementation of a test using biomarkers to screen for colon cancer. The test is delivered in health clinics in two similar regions of the country, with the following results:

  Region A Region B
Sensitivity 73% 84%
Specificity 86% 97%

What is the most likely cause of the difference in the test’s sensitivity and specificity between the two regions?

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 25

0 out of 2 points

   
  In women with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a case-control study was conducted to test the association between DVT and past exposure to oral contraceptive (OC) use. Based on the data below, what is the unadjusted odds of exposure to OC use among the cases of women with DVT compared to that among the controls without DVT? Oral Contraceptive Use                      Cases of DVT             Controls Yes                                                   67                                               23 No                                                  108                                           152                Total                                           175                                      175      
 
 

 

      

· Question 26

2 out of 2 points

   
  Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 27

0 out of 2 points

   
  An investigator wants to assess whether smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer. Electronic medical records at a city hospital will be used to identify one hundred patients with pancreatic cancer. Two hundred patients who are similar but free of bladder cancer will also be selected. Each participant’s medical record will be analyzed for smoking history.  Which of the following is not true about this study?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 28

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following measures of disease burden is determined from a screening test?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 29

2 out of 2 points

   
  In a clinical trial, an important aspect of the study design often involves the subjects not being aware of their group assignment with regard to treatment or placebo; this technique is used to alleviate bias in study results and is known as:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 30

0 out of 2 points

   
  A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of a positive test.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 31

0 out of 2 points

   
  While some skills overlap, it is commonly agreed that leadership and management are distinct functions that require different skill sets. This is true in public health as well as in private industry. You are the director of a large voluntary health agency. Which one of the following activities are you likely to perform in your role as the leader of the organization? (Note: differentiate this activity from those normally performed by managers.)      
 
 

 

      

· Question 32

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following national public health interventions for the primary prevention of tobacco use is likely to have the greatest effect?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 33

2 out of 2 points

   
  When you are working to identify social determinants of maternal health in a priority population, you are primarily operating in the essential public health service area of:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 34

2 out of 2 points

   
  The epidemiologic transition of mortality from communicable to noncommunicable diseases that occurred in the 18th-19th centuries, was mainly the result of widespread application of      
 
 

 

      

· Question 35

2 out of 2 points

   
  A sentinel health event is one in which public health alarm is triggered by:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 36

0 out of 2 points

   
  Ancient Israel’s health code, as stated in the biblical book of Leviticus, is an example of an __________ intervention at the community level.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 37

2 out of 2 points

   
  Your community health coalition is applying for a grant to address social determinants of health in your neighborhood. Which of the following would not be appropriate to include in the application because it is not an example of a social determinant of health?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 38

2 out of 2 points

   
  You are the recreation director at a large inner city. You notice a dramatic drop in attendance in a usually popular aerobics class shortly after hiring a new instructor. You interview the dropouts who inform you they don’t like the calisthenics-like exercise routines the new instructor, a former Marine Corps PT trainer, uses in the class. This is an example of what type of program evaluation?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 39

0 out of 2 points

   
  Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping has become an indispensable tool in public health needs assessment and intervention evaluation. It typically analyzes and integrates all of the following types of data into a digital display except:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 40

0 out of 2 points

   
  In an attempt to increase diversity in your local public health department workforce you decide to obtain more information from candidates than merely their skills and experience. Which of the following questions can you legally ask in a face-to-face job interview when the information is not provided on the application?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 41

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following theoretical models is likely to help the most in moving an innovation across the social chasm defined in diffusion theory?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 42

2 out of 2 points

   
  To be a culturally competent public health professional with a diverse priority population, you must:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 43

2 out of 2 points

   
  Sam wants to maintain a consistent practice of Bible study and prayer. He has tried doing regular devotions a few times, but just can’t seem to stay with them. He is now looking for study resources that might help in stay on track. Which stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Change is Sam in?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 44

2 out of 2 points

   
  You wish to expand a new exercise program offered as part of the women’s ministry of your church. The most effective communication channel to influence attitudes about participating is:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 45

2 out of 2 points

   
  You are planning a weight control program in your church. You have assessed the need and interest; you have identified program goals and outcomes; you have selected resources and materials; all you have left to do is plan the evaluation. You choose several measures of process evaluation, some of which are listed below. Which one of the following would not be a measure of process evaluation for the program?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 46

0 out of 2 points

   
  “Upstream” public health interventions are typically more effective than “downstream” ones in mitigating a health problem. All but one of the following are examples of “upstream” public health approaches. Which one is it?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 47

2 out of 2 points

   
  You are a health counselor in an employee wellness program. In your intake interviews with employees joining the program, you identify many cigarette smokers who have never seriously considered quitting. Which of the following theoretical frameworks would be most effective in moving them from the precontemplation to contemplation stage of the Transtheoretical Model of Change?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 48

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which one of the following is associated with the PROCEED stage of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 49

0 out of 2 points

   
  You are a health educator in a local public health agency. The principal of a local high school has noticed an increase in cigarette smoking among its students and has appealed to the county school board for help. At a school board meeting, the superintendent asks you for ideas on how to mitigate the problem. One week later you submit your suggestions, all of which are shown in the responses below. Which of these is most likely to have the greatest deterrent effect on smoking among students in the high school?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 50

2 out of 2 points

   
  An investigator is interested in a behavioral intervention that will increase self-efficacy in participants. In which of the following conditions will self-efficacy be an effective intervention tool in reducing risky behavior and maintaining healthful behavior?      
           

 

Exam 3

· Question 1

0 out of 2 points

   
  A study is run to estimate the mean Systolic Blood Pressure level in adults 60 to 80 years of age. A sample of 10 participants is selected and their Systolic Blood Pressure levels are measured as follows.  125      135      160      146      135      140      154      170      110      140 Compute Quartiles 1 and 3      
 
 

 

      

· Question 2

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following is true about a positively skewed distribution of data?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 3

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following types of bias is most commonly associated with a case-control study?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 4

0 out of 2 points

   
  What is the most appropriate graphical display for an ordinal variable?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 5

2 out of 2 points

   
  A new non-invasive screening test is proposed that is claimed to be able to identify patients with impaired glucose tolerance based on a battery of questions related to health behaviors.  The new test is given to 75 patients.  Based on each patient’s responses to the questions they are classified as positive or negative for impaired glucose tolerance.  Each patient also submits a blood sample and their glucose tolerance status is determined.  The results are tabulated below.

Screening Test Impaired Glucose Tolerance Not Impaired
Positive 17 13
Negative 8 37

What is the false positive fraction of the screening test?

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 6

2 out of 2 points

   
  A researcher suspects that the actual prevalence of generalized anxiety among children and adolescents is higher than the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents. The previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents is 3.9%, and the researcher conducts a study to test the accuracy of the previously reported prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder by recruiting 98 children and adolescents from various pediatricians’ offices and tests them for generalized anxiety disorder using the DSM-5. The researcher determines that the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among the participants of the study is 6.1%. For a level of significance of 5%, what should the researcher’s decision rule look like?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 7

2 out of 2 points

   
  What is the first summary statistic for a continuous variable?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 8

0 out of 2 points

   
  The following are advantages of a prospective cohort study, except:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 9

0 out of 2 points

   
  A school district has a population of 2,000 students. A researcher intends to select a small sample of these students for a study on physical activity. Using a simple random sampling technique, what is the probability that any of the students in the school is selected into the sample?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 10

2 out of 2 points

   
  Multiple logistic regression analysis applies when there is a single dichotomous outcome and more than one independent variable.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 11

2 out of 2 points

   
  About ranges of tolerance for limiting factors, which of the following population groups is most sensitive to adverse environmental conditions?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 12

2 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following would be a likely target of public health efforts to control breeding of the Asian tiger mosquito?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 13

2 out of 2 points

   
  Long-term, low-level exposure electromagnetic fields may cause adverse health effects via “chronic” health impacts, or otherwise influence people’s wellbeing. Scientific knowledge about the health effects of electromagnetic fields is substantial and is based on a large number of epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies. Many health outcomes have been examined. Which of the following health outcomes have been consistently linked with electromagnetic fields?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 14

2 out of 2 points

   
  Why is radon gas in homes considered a problem?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 15

2 out of 2 points

   
  Transport is the dominant means of air pollution in urban areas. Which of the following is a (are) known source(s) of air pollution that has been associated with transport?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 16

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following is not one of the basic steps involved in risk assessment?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 17

0 out of 2 points

   
  Dioxin is chemically related to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other chlorinated hydrocarbons. All the following are correct about dioxins, except:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 18

2 out of 2 points

   
  In the food chain, which of the following is a (are) producer(s)?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 19

2 out of 2 points

   
  Lyme disease is a newly recognized ailment transmitted by the bite of which of these pests?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 20

2 out of 2 points

   
  Cigarette smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer. The second leading cause of lung cancer is:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 21

2 out of 2 points

   
  An investigator wants to assess whether smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer. Electronic medical records at a city hospital will be used to identify one hundred patients with pancreatic cancer. Two hundred patients who are similar but free of bladder cancer will also be selected. Each participant’s medical record will be analyzed for smoking history.  Which of the following is not true about this study?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 22

0 out of 2 points

   
  In women with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a case-control study was conducted to test the association between DVT and past exposure to oral contraceptive (OC) use. Based on the data below, what is the unadjusted odds of exposure to OC use among the cases of women with DVT compared to that among the controls without DVT? Oral Contraceptive Use                      Cases of DVT             Controls Yes                                                   67                                               23 No                                                  108                                           152                Total                                           175                                      175      
 
 

 

      

· Question 23

0 out of 2 points

   
  In the following table, which value represents “false positives” in a screening test for diabetes?

  Condition According to Gold Standard (True Diagnosis)
Screening Test Result Positive Negative Total
Positive 240 25 265
Negative 15 220 235
Total 255 245 500

 

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 24

2 out of 2 points

   
  An outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to the same harmful influence common to the individuals in the group is known as:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 25

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which screening measure best represents the following statement? Eighty percent of those with diabetes had a positive screening test.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 26

2 out of 2 points

   
  Based on the following data, what is the most likely infective food that caused illness?

  People Who Ate Food People Who Did Not Eat
Food Sick Well Sick Well
Herring 200 800 100 900
Oysters 300 700 400 600
Spinach 200 800 500 500
Chicken 650 350 100 900

 

      
 
 

 

      

· Question 27

0 out of 2 points

   
  A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 65% and 75%, respectively. Four hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 15%. Calculate the predictive value of a negative test.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 28

0 out of 2 points

   
  In a case-control study of osteoporosis, 150 women were enrolled as cases and an equal number as controls. Among the cases 50 reported low calcium intake, while only 20 of the controls reported low calcium intake. Calculate the odds ratio in the association between low calcium intake and developing osteoporosis in this population.      
 
 

 

      

· Question 29

2 out of 2 points

   
  The capacity of an agent to enter and multiply in a susceptible host and thus produce infection or disease is:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 30

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following measures of disease burden is determined from a screening test?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 31

2 out of 2 points

   
  The Healthy People initiative was introduced in 1979 as a/an:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 32

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which of the following national public health interventions for the primary prevention of tobacco use is likely to have the greatest effect?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 33

2 out of 2 points

   
  The CDC administers a range of programs designed to prevent and control disease, injury, and disability risks on a national level. Which of the following activities does it not typically do?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 34

2 out of 2 points

   
  Your community health coalition is applying for a grant to address social determinants of health in your neighborhood. Which of the following would not be appropriate to include in the application because it is not an example of a social determinant of health?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 35

0 out of 2 points

   
  Given the responsibility to create an effective public health intervention on a limited budget, you start by exploring evidence-based approaches to address your area of interest. Which of the following published sources provides the best, most trustworthy evidence?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 36

0 out of 2 points

   
  You are an MPH student intern in a local church. Part of your assigned tasks is to research the possibility of getting a grant to fund a new Head Start preschool program in the church. You find out the following:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 37

2 out of 2 points

   
  Mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve health problems is:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 38

0 out of 2 points

   
  Public health infrastructure can be measured in part by:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 39

0 out of 2 points

   
  The FDA functions as the nation’s largest consumer protection agency. Among its activities, it investigates and regulates the efficacy and safety of:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 40

2 out of 2 points

   
  Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping has become an indispensable tool in public health needs assessment and intervention evaluation. It typically analyzes and integrates all of the following types of data into a digital display except:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 41

0 out of 2 points

   
  To be a culturally competent public health professional with a diverse priority population, you must:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 42

2 out of 2 points

   
  An investigator is interested in a behavioral intervention that will increase self-efficacy in participants. In which of the following conditions will self-efficacy be an effective intervention tool in reducing risky behavior and maintaining healthful behavior?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 43

2 out of 2 points

   
  “Upstream” public health interventions are typically more effective than “downstream” ones in mitigating a health problem. All but one of the following are examples of “upstream” public health approaches. Which one is it?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 44

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which aspect of health is not clearly identified in the World Health Organization’s definition of health?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 45

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which one of the following is associated with the PROCEED stage of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 46

0 out of 2 points

   
  You wish to test the validity of a questionnaire you designed for use with HIV patients attending a self-care educational program. The simplest and most common way to do this is by:      
 
 

 

      

· Question 47

2 out of 2 points

   
  You are planning a weight control program in your church. You have assessed the need and interest; you have identified program goals and outcomes; you have selected resources and materials; all you have left to do is plan the evaluation. You choose several measures of process evaluation, some of which are listed below. Which one of the following would not be a measure of process evaluation for the program?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 48

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which statement and its example is not true about self-efficacy as it relates to behavior change?      
 
 

 

      

· Question 49

0 out of 2 points

   
  Which part of a SMART objective is missing from the following learner outcome statement? Use the ABCDE model to guide your response. “By the end of the class on behavioral theory, students will accurately recall the stages of change in proper order, measured by a quiz.”      
 
 

 

      

· Question 50

0 out of 2 points

   
  You are providing prenatal counseling to a first time pregnant woman who continues to smoke a few cigarettes a day even after completing a stop smoking program. She explains that her mother smoked during all of her pregnancies and she and her siblings turned out fine. Which of the following constructs should be the initial focus of your attention to help motivate mental processing leading to her totally quitting smoking?