Microscopy For Microbiology – Use And Function Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0249-00-02

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it. I will not adjust the price of this post. Thank you!

I do not have my lab kit as yet and so the MICROSCOPE is what I do not have, so again all I need is the answers to the questions related to the pictures. I need the pictures of the magnified letter. PLEASE DO NOT GOOGLE THIS AND USE THEM, I WILL KNOW!!!!

Lab Reports:

You need to write:

1. Background

2. Procedure- can be in paragraph or step by step format.

3. Answer the Questions at the end.

Microscopy for Microbiology – Use and Function

Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0249-00-02

Lab Report Assistant

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

 

Exercise 1: Getting to Know your Compound Microscope

Data Table 1. Microscope Components.

Letter Component Name Component Function
A    
B    
C    
D    
E    
F    
G    
H    
I    
J    
K    
L    
M    

 

 

 

 

Data Table 2. Total Magnification.

Lens Ocular Magnification Objective Magnification Total Magnification
Scanning      
Low Power      
High Power      
Oil Immersion      

Data Table 3. Field of View.

Lens Total Magnification Field of View (mm) Field of View (µM)
Scanning      
Low Power      
High Power      
Oil Immersion      

 

Data Table 4. Letter e Viewing Results.

Lens Photograph Observations
Scanning    
Low    
High    
Oil Immersion    

 

 

Questions

A. Describe the details in the slides “Letter e” that become visible as the power changed from scanning power, to low power, to high power.

B. Why is it important to calculate the diameter of the field when first using the microscope?

 

 

Exercise 2: Viewing Prepared Microbe Slides

Data Table 5. Prepared Slide Viewing Results.

Slide Photograph Total Magnification
Amoeba  

 

 

  
Penicillium  

 

  
Yeast  

 

 

  
Spirillium  

 

 

  
Bacillus  

 

 

  
Coccus  

 

 

  

 

Questions

A. Using the field of view calculated in Exercise 1 for the high power lens, approximately how far across are each of the cells in the Bacteria Coccus Form slide in Data Table 5? Show your calculations.

B. Detail techniques you found helpful for focusing on the various slides in this exercise.

 

 

 

Exercise 3: Preparing Wet-Mount Slides

Data Table 6. Wet-Mount Viewing Results.

Slide Photograph Total Magnification
Cheek Cell Smear  

 

 

  
Dental Tatar Smear  

 

 

  

 

Questions

A. Describe the similarities and differences between the cheek cell wet mount and dental plaque wet mount.

B. How did the process of preparing wet-mount slides become easier as you prepared the second wet-mount slide of this exercise?

Cell Structure And Function ANSWER KEY

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This contains 100% correct material for UMUC Biology 103 LAB03. However, this is an Answer Key, which means, you should put it in your own words. Here is a sample for the Pre lab questions answered:

 

 

Pre-Lab Questions

1. Identify the major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (2 pts)

Prokaryotes tend to be less complex than eukaryotic cells, with fewer organelles and (generally) fewer requirements for survival. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have DNA, a cell membrane, and cytoplasm.

 

2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell? (2 pts)

DNA is housed in the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, and thus DNA exists freely in the cytoplasm.

 

3. Identify three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell. (2 pts)

The cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments, etc.).

 

The rest of the questions are answered as well:

 

 

Onion Root Tip 100X g (Small)

Experiment 1: Cell Structure and Function

Post-Lab Questions

1.    Label each of the arrows in the following slide image:

 

 

2.    What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

 

 

 

3.    Would an animal cell be able to survive without a mitochondria? Why or why not?

 

 

 

4.    What could you determine about a specimen if you observed a slide image showing the specimen with a cell wall, but no nucleus or mitochondria?

 

 

 

5.    Hypothesize why parts of a plant, such as the leaves, are green, but other parts, such as the roots, are not. Use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis.

 

 

 

 

 

Experiment 2: Osmosis – Direction and Concentration Gradients

Data Tables and Post-Lab Assessment

Table 3: Sucrose Concentration vs. Tubing Permeability

Band Color Sucrose % Initial Volume (mL) Final Volume (mL) Net Displacement (mL)
Yellow        
Red        
Blue        
Green        

 

Hypothesis:

 

 

 

 

Post-Lab Questions

1.    For each of the tubing pieces, identify whether the solution inside was hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic in comparison to the beaker solution in which it was placed.

 

2.    Which tubing increased the most in volume? Explain why this happened.

 

 

 

 

3.    What do the results of this experiment this tell you about the relative tonicity between the contents of the tubing and the solution in the beaker?

 

 

 

4.    What would happen if the tubing with the yellow band was placed in a beaker of distilled water?

 

 

 

5.    How are excess salts that accumulate in cells transferred to the blood stream so they can be removed from the body? Be sure to explain how this process works in terms of tonicity.

 

 

 

6.    If you wanted water to flow out of a tubing piece filled with a 50% solution, what would the minimum concentration of the beaker solution need to be? Explain your answer using scientific evidence.

 

 

 

7.    How is this experiment similar to the way a cell membrane works in the body? How is it different? Be specific with your response.

 

BIO GENETICS LAB 2 QUESTIONS HELP

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NEED HELP WITH BLANK BOX QUESTION

(question 1 and 4 in conclusion part. )

* It would be nice if you can check my answeres too.

NOTES:

Tube Sample Lane

1 1 kb DNA ladder 1

2 Mother’s DNA 2

3 Child’s DNA 3

4 A.F. #1 DNA 4

5 A.F. #2 DNA 5

 

 

 

Record the distance each ladder band moved from the well in mm along with the size of the DNA fragments in that band in bp units, based on the bp given in step 19 , in your Lab Notes.

 

Lane 1:

 

1,000 bp 34 mm

900 bp 36 mm

800 bp 38 mm

700 bp 40 mm

600 bp 43 mm

500 bp 47 mm

400 bp 51 mm

300 bp 56 mm

250 bp 60 mm

200 bp 64 mm

150 bp 69 mm

100 bp 77 mm

50 bp 90 mm

 

 

Lane 2:

 

37 mm 850bp

59 mm 265bp

 

 

Lane 3:

 

37 mm 850bp

44 mm 575bp

 

Lane 4:

 

41 mm 670bp

43 mm 600bp

 

Lane 5:

 

44 mm 575bp

 

55 mm 320bp

 

Experiment: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of DNA Fragments

Lab Results

  1. List the distances traveled in mm for the bands in the DNA ladder in the table below.
    Remember, smaller fragments travel farther than longer ones, so the top-most band will be the 1,000 bp sized DNA fragments whereas the bottom-most band will be the 50 bp sized DNA fragments. 

    DNA Ladder
    Band Distance (mm)
    50 bp  90 mm
    100 bp  77 mm
    150 bp  69 mm
    200 bp  64 mm
    250 bp  60 mm
    300 bp  56 mm
    400 bp  51 mm
    500 bp  47 mm
    600 bp 43 mm
    700 bp 40 mm
    800 bp 38 mm
    900 bp 36 mm
    1,000 bp 34 mm

     

  2. Whose sample had the approximately 570 bp and 320 bp sized DNA fragments?
     A.F. #2
  3. What were the sizes of the DNA fragments for alleged father #1?
    41 mm 670bp

    43 mm 600bp

Data Analysis

  1. Which size DNA fragment did the child inherit from her mother?
     37 mm 850bp
  2. Which alleged father, if any, can be definitively ruled out as the child’s biological father?
     A.F. #2

Conclusions

  1. How are new molecules of DNA synthesized in living cells?
  2. What is the function of DNA?
     

    DNA has genetic information that controls our cells. So, DNA is like a blueprint that shows how to construct components of cells like proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA). This information is carried down to newer generations through inheritance.
  3. If each individual has such a small amount of DNA in their cells, how do the bands on the gel contain enough DNA to be visible?
      In order to make DNA visible. The Gel has to be soaked in a dye (ethidium bromide) to bind with the DNA and rinsed off after. Ethidium bromide helps to make DNA visible by glowing brightly in UV rays.
  4. Humans only have a few eye colors and only four ABO-based blood types. How can DNA tests definitively identify individuals when many people have brown eyes or type A blood?
  5. Suppose a suspicious hair was found in a victim’s home. A gel is set up with the DNA fragments of two suspected criminals in lanes 4 and 5, the DNA fragments of the suspicious hair in lane 3, and the victim’s DNA fragments, as a negative control, are in lane 2. A DNA ladder is in lane 1. The resulting gel is below. Which suspect, if any, committed the crime? Explain your answer.

     Lane 4,5 (two suspected criniminals)

Microbiology Lab Report- Gram Staining, Simple Staining, Negative Staining

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1. Do a search online 1-2 antibiotics that affect Gram-positive bacteria and list them. On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? List one or two antibiotics that affect Gram-negative bacteria? On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? (Be sure to cite your sources in your answer.) (5 points)

2. Why do you think it is important to identify a bacterial disease in a patient before prescribing any antibiotic treatments? (Be specific.) (5 points)

3.   What are some of the limitations of simple staining? (5 points)

4.   Give an example of a situation in a lab or medical setting in which simple staining would be utilized. (5 points)

5.   So far in this lab, you have used one type of simple stain(Crystal violet) and one type of negative stain (Nigrosin), yet there are many other simple and negative dyes available. Pick one simple dye and one negative dye, and discuss how those dyes differ from the ones you used in this lab. Give a scenario in which their use would be appropriate. (5 points)

6. Using either a textbook or a reputable online resource, research some of the typical characteristics of bacteria, and discuss why it might be important for a researcher or a hospital technician to be able to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (5 points)

Y:\ESL Kits\Manual Graphics\PlainHdr.jpg

Structure and Microscopy

 

 

Lab 4: Structure and Microscopy (100 points)

 

Student Name:

Student ID:

Course ID:

-Each question on the lab worksheet must be answered completely, thoroughly, in complete sentences and correctly in order to be considered for full credit

-If the question asks you to do research or find a source, a reputable, credible and/or scholarly source citation must be included in order to be considered for full credit

-If a math formula is required to arrive to an answer, work must be shown otherwise, no credit will be awarded

 

Pre-Lab Questions

1. What determines if a bacterial cell is Gram-positive or Gram-negative? (5 points)

Amount and location of the peptidoglycan molecule in the prokaryotic cell wall determines whether a bacterial cell is Gram-positive or Gram-negative.

 

2. In this lab, both viruses and prions were introduced as acellular organisms. Do some research and describe one other type of acellular organism. What characteristics about this organism classify it as acellular? (5 points)

Viroids are another type of acellular organism along with viruses and prions. They are plant pathogens, which consist only of a short strand of circular RNA capable of self-replication.

 

3. Bacteria have many different shapes that often determine their class. Research and form a hypothesis on the evolutionary reasons for so many different bacterial morphologies. (5 points)

Each bacterial morphology may be a selectable feature to aid survival and may have affected by different physical, environmental, and biological forces to contribute to natural selection.

Reference:

Young, K. D. (2006, September). The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape. Retrieved September 30, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1594593/

 

4. Do a search online or look in your textbook for 1-2 antibiotics that affect Gram-positive bacteria and list them. On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? List one or two antibiotics that affect Gram-negative bacteria? On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? (Be sure to cite your sources in your answer.) (5 points)

 

5. Why do you think it is important to identify a bacterial disease in a patient before prescribing any antibiotic treatments? (Be specific.) (5 points)

d

 

Experiment 1 Results Tables

Table 1: Experiment 1 Staining Observations (5 points)

 

 

Stain used:  

Crystal Violet
Observations: Purple rod-shape bacteria with white background were observed

 

 

 

 

Experiment 1 Post-Lab Questions

1. How does crystal violet enhance the visualization of microbial features? (5 points)

Crystal violet enhances the contrast between the microorganism itself and the slide, making the bacteria appear as purple.

 

2. What are some of the limitations of simple staining? (5 points)

 

 

3. Give an example of a situation in a lab or medical setting in which simple staining would be utilized. (5 points)

Simple staining is used to obtain basic information about morphology of one type of microorganism through clear visualization.

Experiment 2 Results Tables

Table 2: Experiment 2 Staining Observations (5 points)

 

 

Stain used:  

Nigrosin
Observations: Background is stained, bacteria shows up as clear spiral.

 

 

 

Experiment 2 Post-Lab Questions

1. After visualizing the stained samples either using your microscope or by looking at the sample images provided, describe what physical/visual characteristics you were able to observe after performing the negative staining vs. after performing the simple stain. (5 points)

After looking at the sample images provided, negatively stained bacteria showed up as clear straight spirals against a dark background. Bacteria that are simple stained showed up as dark purple rods-shaped with white background.

 

2. So far in this lab, you have used one type of simple stain and one type of negative stain, yet there are many other simple and negative dyes available. Pick one simple dye and one negative dye, and discuss how those dyes differ from the ones you used in this lab. Give a scenario in which their use would be appropriate. (5 points)

Methylene blue is another dye that can be used for negative stain.

India Ink is another type of negative stain.

 

 

Experiment 3 Results Tables

 

Table 3: Experiment 3 Staining Observations (5 points)

Stain used:  

Crystal violet (primary stain) & Safranin (counterstain)
Observations:  

Gram-positive appeared as purple and Gram-negative showed up as pink.

 

 

Experiment 3 Post-Lab Questions

1. What color are the Gram-positive bacteria after Gram staining? Gram-negative bacteria? (5 points)

Gram-positive bacteria appear as dark purple or blue due to retaining the primary dye (Crystal Violet) in the cell wall.

Gram-negative bacteria appear as red or pink due to decolorizing to accept the counterstain (Safranin).

2. What different characteristic(s) exist between the two groups that account for the different staining conditions? (5 points)

Gram-positive bacteria are stained purple, and gram-negative bacteria stain as pink. They are two distinct morphological groups of bacteria.

3. Why was the Gram iodine added to the Gram staining procedure? (5 points)

Gram iodine is added as a mordant to stabilize the crystal violet iodine complex so that the dye cannot be removed easily.

 

4. Why is a counterstain (safranin) added to the Gram staining procedure? (5 points)

A counterstain is used to help identify gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria lose the crystal violet and stain red.

 

5. What are the advantages of performing a Gram stain vs. a simple stain for visualizing bacteria? (5 points)

Gram stain contains two or more different stains and can differentiate the species of bacteria into two main groups (gram-positive and gram-negative) by looking at the color of cells (pink or purple). Simple stain involves single stain and it is used to easily determine cell shape, size, and arrangement.

 

6. Using either a textbook or a reputable online resource, research some of the typical characteristics of bacteria, and discuss why it might be important for a researcher or a hospital technician to be able to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (5 points)

 

7. Did you experience any technical difficulties or atypical results during this experiment? If so, what happened, and how could you avoid these issues in the future? (5 points)