Article Identify Three Of Lincoln’s Most Successful Adaptation Strategies

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First, please consider this list of failures and successes(http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/education/failures.htm) in the life of Abraham Lincoln. We’re suggesting that one of Lincoln’s greatest attributes was his ability to recover and learn from failure. The quality of perseverance seemed especially useful to Lincoln as he struggled with “melancholy” (what might now be called depression) Please read this related article (https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/10/lincolns-great-depression/304247/) by Joshua Wolf Shenk.

For Lincoln, learning how to persevere also meant learning how to adapt. Based on your reading of Shenk’s article, please identify three of Lincoln’s most successful adaptation strategies (skills, habits, or ways of thinking) that helped him use his struggle with depression to accomplish worthy goals.

Argument Analysis

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Introduction:

Deductive Argument Example:

Claim: It is wrong for parents to allow children to watch violent movies

Analysis: My argument is deductive. My first premise is the broad general principle that children daily face examples of violence in the real world. My next premise is that watching violent movies helps children to think about how to deal with violent behavior. My conclusion is that watching violent movies is okay for kids. This argument has indicator words “if” and “then” so it is truth-functional. It would be stated this way: If children face violence daily then they need to think about how to deal with it. Violent movies help them to think about violence and how to deal with it. Therefore, it is okay for children to watch violent movies.

Inductive Argument Example:

Claim: It is wrong for parents to allow children to watch violent movies

Analysis: This is an inductive argument. While the very first premise of the argument uses deductive reasoning, it is not part of a chain, so it is treated as Premise 1. Premise 2 is about the unreality of violent movies, and Premise 3 is about violence as a solution to conflict. Premise 4 compares the world of movie violence to real-world violence. These are four independent reasons, any one of which offers support that the conclusion, violent movies are not okay for children, is probably true.

Read the following argument examples in this activity.

Argument 1:

Dick and Jane have insured their house and cars with Farmer’s Mutual for 10 years. During this time, they filed only one claim for $500, and the premiums have risen 100%. Two weeks ago, while backing out of the garage, Jane damaged the right fender. They didn’t fix it, and yesterday, while Jane was parked at the supermarket, someone hit the right side of the car, damaging everything but the right fender. When Jane checks the insurance policy, she discovers that while the supermarket accident is covered, the damaged right fender is not.

Jane says, “Let’s claim that all the damage happened at the supermarket. It’s only fair. The insurance company has made thousands of dollars from our premiums alone, not to mention all the other people they insure, so they’ll hardly miss the few thousands that their repairs will cost. Many of their friends have done the same – included items that were not part of actual collision damage. It’s unlikely that they we will be discovered, because the fender could easily have been damaged in the collision.”

Argument 2 

In a world where medical resources are in ever-shorter supply, allocation of those resources is becoming an issue. Critical care units (ICU) put heavy demand on hospital resources. Adult medical intensive care units (MICU’s) are often occupied by elderly patients in the final stages of chronic illnesses. Neonatal ICU’s, however, are reserved for premature infants that need critical care in the first few days of life. Surveys of mortality rates in relation to amount of care for both units show that on a cost/benefit basis, outcomes for NICU patients are statistically better than those for MICU patients. Since hospitals should prioritize outcomes, it is clear that resources should be allocated more heavily to the NICU.

Using the examples in the introduction of this activity, address the following:

1. Briefly analyze each argument as follows:
– State the issue and the conclusion.
– For each argument, analyze the argument:
– State if it is deductive or inductive.
– Explain how the argument follows the form of an inductive or deductive argument.
– Reference words, phrases, the structure of the argument, or any other facts or observations you believe support your claim.
2. Diagram the argument.

The Modernists

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1. Like the modernists, postmodern writers focused on subjective experience rather than objective cultural norms. (1 point) expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations characteristic of or belonging to reality as perceived rather than as independent of mind characteristic of or belonging to the superficial world none of the above 2. They reeled, whirled, swiveled, flounced, capered, gamboled, and spun. (1 point) insult twists; intricate designs leapt; frolicked sharp; pounding 3. He began to think glimmeringly about his abnormal son who was now in jail, about Harrison. (1 point) beginning watchfulness; caution leapt; frolicked intermittently; unsteadily 4. Stokesie’s married, with two babies chalked up on his fuselage already, but as far as I can tell that’s the only difference. (1 point) central body portion of an airplane evil; spiteful handicaps; obstructions none of the above Read the following paragraph and answer questions 5–8. Scientists report (1) that creatures living in the deep sea are in danger of starving to death. Millions of undiscovered species live, in the deep sea. Creatures in the seabed are suffering from growing food shortages. Which may be a result of rising sea temperatures. Scientists believe that some species will die out, those that can survive on a low food supply will continue living. Not much is known about the creatures that live in the deep sea, not much is known about the changes in their diets. Scientists estimate that up to 10 million species live in the depths of the sea. Most animals of the deep rely on food chains that begin. In the lighted realms of the sea. Microscopic plants called phytoplankton. Capture the sun and start the food cycle. (2) Wherever there are animal droppings, there is a constant rain of organic matter (3) that feeds the bottom dwellers. 5. The underlined part of sentence 1 is what kind of clause? (1 point) adverbial clause adjectival clause noun clause 6. The underlined part of sentence 2 is what kind of clause? (1 point) adverbial clause adjectival clause noun clause 7. The underlined part of sentence 3 is what kind of clause? (1 point) adverbial clause adjectival clause noun clause Essay Note: Your teacher will grade your response to ensure that you receive proper credit for your answer. Your response should include the following to receive the points in parentheses: Respond in 3–5 complete sentences. (5 pts) 8. Rewrite the paragraph above, correcting any fragments and run-on sentences. Be sure to use correct punctuation. (5 points) True or False 9. The Beat Generation was a group of writers who fought to maintain traditionalism in America. (1 point) true false 10. Satire is used to make serious situations appear humorous using irony. (1 point) true false 11. Absurdism is the attempt to show the absurdity of the human condition. (1 point) true false 12. The conflict in “A&P” is resolved when the store clerk quits his job. (1 point) true false 13. Research writing can be subjective and full of personal bias. (1 point) true false 14. It is necessary to ALWAYS to document your information with the proper citation format. (1 point) true false 15. A Works Cited is a list of sources used in your research; a bibliography is a list of sources referenced during your research. (1 point) true false 16. Imagery is often used to inspire audiences during speeches. (1 point) true false Multiple Choice Read the following passage from “The Veldt” by Ray Bradbury and answer questions 17–21. “I don’t know anything,” he said, “except that I’m beginning to be sorry we bought that room for the children. If children are neurotic at all, a room like that—” “It’s supposed to help them work off their neuroses in a healthful way.” “I’m starting to wonder.” He stared at the ceiling. “We’ve given the children everything they ever wanted. Is this our reward—secrecy, disobedience?” “Who was it who said, ‘Children are carpets, they should be stepped on occasionally’? We’ve never lifted a hand. They’re insufferable—let’s admit it. They come and go when they like; they treat us as if we were offspring. They’re spoiled and we’re spoiled.” “They’ve been acting funny ever since you forbade them to take the rocket to New York a few months ago.” “They’re not old enough to do that alone, I explained.” “Nevertheless, I’ve noticed they’ve been decidedly cool toward us since.” “I think I’ll have Dave McClean come tomorrow morning to have a look at Africa.” “But it’s not Africa now, it’s Green Mansions country and Rima.” “I have a feeling it’ll be Africa again before then.” A moment later they heard the screams. Two screams.Two people screaming from downstairs.And then a roar of lions. “Wendy and Peter aren’t in their rooms,” said his wife. He lay in his bed with his beating heart. “No,” he said. “They’ve broken into the nursery.” “Those screams—they sound familiar.” “Do they?” “Yes, awfully.” 17. “And although their beds tried very hard, the two adults couldn’t be rocked to sleep for another hour. A smell of cats was in the night air.” This passage implies that the story is set (1 point) in the future. in the present. in the past. it does not indicate time. 18. The first half of the passage implies that the Hadley family is (1 point) close and open with each other. destitute. wealthy trusting 19. From the context of the passage, you can conclude that the society in which the family lives sees children as being (1 point) neurotic. in need of discipline. innocent. naturally obedient. 20. The parents’ attitude toward their children in this passage might be best characterized as (1 point) fond. angry. proud. wary. 21. Based on your knowledge of the story, you would best understand line 24, “He lay in his bed with his beating heart.” to be an example of (1 point) satire. in medias res. metaphor. foreshadowing. Essay Note: Your teacher will grade your response to ensure that you receive proper credit for your answer. Your response should include the following to receive the points in parentheses: Respond in a paragraph. Answer is written in complete sentences. (10 pts) 22. Choose one of the three essay topics below. “Experiencing” – Carefully reread the passage from “The Veldt” by Ray Bradbury, and write an essay explaining what advice you would give George and Lydia Hadley on how to become better parents. “Interpreting”- Carefully reread the passage. Write an essay describing the tone Bradbury sets and analyzing how he creates that particular mood. “Evaluating”- The passage above is almost entirely made up of dialogue, as is much of the story it comes from. Choose another story from Unit 2 that contains extensive dialogue, and write an essay comparing and contrasting the role of dialogue in the two stories. Which author do you think uses dialogue more effectively? (10 points)

Anthropology Culture and Medicine

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1. What has been the historical approach of pharmaceutical companies toward plant medicines from areas such as the South American tropical forests?  What kind of approach has Shaman Pharmaceuticals adopted toward uncovering plant medicines and how does it differ from corporate pharmaceutical companies’ approach? Based on your reading of Plotkin’s book, discuss how successful ethnobotanical research can be conducted and what kinds of contributions it must make in order for it to continue.

Plants historically have been vital in serving civilizations as a source of medicinal and healing purposes for centuries. The natural chemicals found within plants in tropical rainforests are and were vital to western medicine. Without the knowledge and known uses of plants, these plants would have continued to be untouched and sicknesses uncured. Many medicines that are used even to this day originate from different areas with large plush forestation and knowledge comes from the indigenous tribes of the land.

When it comes to pharmaceutical companies, what is stated above was true to the westernize medicine world as well. Westernized cultures wanted and essentially needed to learn about different types of plants and their uses in order to create medicines. “This began to change in the 1930s, with the advent of synthetic chemistry, and was cemented in the 1950s with the introduction laboratory-bred “wonder drugs,” such as the antibacterial sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs” (Plotkin 14). Because of the advancement of science from the 1930s on, the American pharmaceutical companies rapidly lost interest when it came to using natural plants and goods as a basis of potential new medications. Plotkin continues to describe how with the power of laboratory manufactured drugs; it has “given some chemists the illusion that synthetic chemistry is the sole future of new drug discovery” (Plotkin 14). Also, the pharmaceutical companies took the knowledge from the native Indians and gave them no compensation for their knowledge of the plants, and took the credit as well as the profits. Without Shaman and medicine men or women, for a lot of western medicines and drugs we currently have we would not. Since now technology can manipulate and analyze plant molecules, there is no need to give someone else the credit but our own western medicine scientists.

Shaman are people who take only what they need from nature during that time as well as essentially nurture nature. Typically, when it comes to healing practices with plants Shaman will have some sort of ritual that aids the healing process. The knowledge of the Shaman has been passed on from parent to child for centuries and understands the plants better than western people do; they know plants as living beings. The approach for Shaman Pharmaceuticals is a more moral and true way of potentially finding cures from everyday colds to potential diseases. Shaman Pharmaceuticals is located in San Carlos, CA and as Plotkin states, “Lisa has been able to garner the support of indigenous rights advocates and venture capitalists, as well as recruit a staff that includes ethnobotanists, biochemists, and physicians” (Plotkin 286). A non-profit organization was established as well called Healing Forest Conservatory in which all the profits from these potential medicines go back to the indigenous people. This approach is more hands on with the indigenous people truly learning plant life and plant worth. The goal is to continue the legacies and knowledge from these wise men and women because after tribes are long gone and the shamans are gone as well, their keen knowledge of nature and medicinal plants will be gone forever as well. Plotkin refers to Shaman as doctors, philosophers, singer of songs, as well as keeper of legends. The Shaman approach compared to corporate pharmaceutical companies can be seen clear in the description of both above. One glorifies, while the other uses until there is no need then began marginalizing and is only interested if there is a profit to be gained. A good way of comparing both as well is nature is a Shamans paradise while corporations are ignorant to the natural world.

Ethnobotanical research is the reason why we have so many kinds of medicines here in the US. It is vital that this research continues because there are many plants around the world that have vital healing abilities that have still yet be discovered. According to Plotkin, gathering the particular plant (as many as 30 of the same sample at a time), putting it in a press, drawing our the specimen, keeping it in a herbarium with the name, where it grows, and what the particular tribe uses it for is the way to gather plant research. Successful ethnobotanical research is conducted by doing exactly what Plotkin does; he puts himself out in the middle of the forest and immerses himself in the field with everything he has. He is passionate and concerned about learning and preserving knowledge of plant life and the people within these native tribes. The problem now is that the ancient rainforests are about ½ way gone and only a handful of tribes are still living in the forests. In order to make ethnobotancial research even just continue, something needs to change with the rate of trees being cut down and tribes being marginalized. Another factor is the need to have people want to continue to do ethnobotanical research. As our generations continue, the less we care about other cultures and countries. Also, the language barrier is a huge obstacle, but the researcher needs to be willing to learn the language of the native people. We need young aspiring individuals to conduct research the way that Plotkin has in his book. Overall, society needs to shift its perspectives on plant medicine and realize how vital it is we learn what we can while we still have some native tribes in what is left of our forestation.

References:

Plotkin, Mark J. Tales of a Shaman’s Apprentice: An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Amazon Rain Forest. New York: Viking, 1993. Print.

The Shaman’s Apprentice. Prod. Mark Plotkin. N.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.