Ill-Gotten

/in /by

300

Read Aaron Ridley’s article “Ill-Gotten Gains: On the Use of Results from Unethical Experiments in Medicine” (Public Affairs Quarterly 9, no. 3 [July 1995]). Ridley examines the question of whether to make use of beneficial results that were obtained unethically from medical experiments performed on human beings. While many would probably say that such benefits should not be withheld, Ridley suggests it would be inappropriate to make use of such results. Given his article, address the following questions:

  1. In your own words, explain Ridley’s argument based on utilitarianism and the Ideal Experimenter. According to Ridley, how might the Ideal Experimenter effectively be persuaded to conform to non-utilitarian standards of experimental practices?
  2. In the end, do you think Ridley’s argument succeeds? Suppose some researchers performed experiments on children in which many of them suffered and died, but in the process, the researchers obtained information that could wipe out cancer. Should they use that information?
  3. Ridley presents two reasons for not using the results of unethical experiments that he believes are not effective: respect and condoning. Why does he think these fail? Do you agree with him? If not, give an example in which you think an appeal to respect or condoning would be successful in arguing against the use of such results.

Country Risk Analysis – 6 Pages

/in /by

Instructions: This assignment is a research essay.  Please use at least six peer-reviewed journal articles in preparing this assignment. You may access peer-reviewed articles from our Library databases.  Also, you will need to obtain some current information.   You will have a total of about 12 sources for the assignment (6 peer-reviewed, 6 primary sources with current information).

Case Study:

You are a political research analyst for a Fortune 500 company in the United States.  Your company manufactures professional uniforms using off-shore manufacturing facilities.  Until now, most all your manufacturing has been in China.  With the Trump Administration’s change to import/export strategies concerning China in 2018, you have been asked to find 2 viable alternatives for the manufacture of cotton hospital scrubs from the Emerging Markets category. Emerging Markets category – but not choose China or Taiwan.

Preferred 2 Alternative countries: Peru and Colombia

Address the following: 1.  Find two viable alternative states (Peru and Colombia) for production of cotton hospital scrubs, limiting your choices to those found in the Emerging Markets category above. 2.  Think about 4-5 subheadings for your paper to organize your thoughts for the Board.  It is up to you how you present your ideas to the Board.  Think about what you’ve learned so far in the course as possible risk factors for doing business in developing states. You might ask yourself a series of questions to answer in the report:    What two countries are you selecting and why?  Historically, how have these two countries developed and how do they compare in political development?  What are some of the ongoing issues that might be difficult with these choices?  Which of the two states would you recommend overall and why?  What would you expect the outcome to be five years from now if your firm agreed to your selection? 3.  Make sure the report is easy to read with lots of subheadings for your busy Board of Directors.  It needs to be written in complete sentences with no grammatical, spelling, or style errors.  The best way to achieve that is to write over the six-page limit by a couple of pages and then edit it to the most important points.  It will be tempting to write in first person, as in “I choose Brazil and Peru …” but avoid that.  Write your report in third person – no “I” or “we” or “my” or “you.”  This will help avoid any bias in reporting and is the professional standard of the field of IR.

Importance of peer-reviewed articles:  Journal articles show the ongoing (structural) social, political, and economic problems that countries have.  We want you to bring in some serious academic studies that emphasize issues you find important in your analysis.  You need at least 6 peer-reviewed articles to go along with the current information in your analysis, or 3 per country that you choose. Think-tank and government sources are not peer-reviewed – they are done “in house” and contain the bias of the organization creating them.  We want you to find true journal articles. The library has valuable tools in learning how to search the journal databases.

Finished Product:  Country Risk Analysis – 6 pages, double-spaced, title page (optional) and references list count separately as well as any tables or appendices you wish to use.

Homeland Security

/in /by

**ANSWER THIS QUESTION 250 WORDS MIN **

Describe the concept of homeland security and its relationship to homeland defense. What is the Homeland Security Enterprise, and who do you consider members or stakeholders across the three levels of government? 

**REPLY TO EACH ANSWER 100 WORDS MIN EACH**

1. In a study on combating terrorism, they defined the following list of desired characteristics of a national strategy document. “(1) purpose, scope, and methodology; (2) problem definition and risk assessment; (3) goals, subordinate objectives, activities, and performance measures; (4) resources, investments, and risk management; (5) organizational roles, responsibilities, and coordination; and (6) integration and implementation.” (Combating Terrorism, paragraph 1). It also mentioned in the study that these documents are not subject to executive or legislative order, which means they can address more than one issue. By following the list of desired characteristics, they can create a document with “desirable

characteristics to aid responsible parties in further developing and implementing the strategies” (Combating Terrorism, paragraph 1).

The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2017) is a very lengthy document as it should be. I found it interesting that a good part of what is a security document discusses promoting the American way of life and prosperity. I feel that goes hand in hand with homeland security and national defense. I feel, and I’m sure others would agree that war should be a last resort. If you can spread peace by humanitarian aid efforts and assisting foreign governments in achieving a democracy, then this should be the priority, as I feel it is in the United States security strategy. In a perfect scenario, if we could do this every time then there would be almost no need for military foreign action, for obvious reasons we all know that we don’t live in a perfect world. But like is said this should be the priority and I feel that it is.

2. This week we are to describe the concept of homeland security and its relationship to homeland defense. What is the homeland security enterprise and who do you consider stakeholders across the three levels of government? To begin, In my opinion its best to describe both sides, according to our reading this week “the basic purpose of homeland security is to deal with the protection of American citizens and assets inside the United States, while homeland defense deals with the protection of American citizens and assets outside the United States” (APUS, 2020, pg 4). To best illustrate this relationship I will use the FY 2014-2018 Strategic Plan. In the very beginning of the plan it speaks of unity of effort or in other words it team approach. The relationship between security and defense of homeland using the team analogy is a good offense is good defense. Meaning in order to prevent or mitigate attacks on the United States various entities like the military are positioned around the world. The positioning acts as a few different features one and probably the most important is deterrence. Deterrence prevents those who seek to do harm against the US, from their positioning, posturing, staging, planning etc. Next it acts as an early warning, if posturing, staging or aggression does occur and deterrence fails, it allows the US enough time to respond or posture in preparation. Another feature which correlates with the second is intelligence gathering, being the deterrent and in good positioning it allows the US to collect necessary Intel aiding for good homeland security. Homeland security as our reading states protects those inside the US, this can be domestic threats or foreign. This is why we have agencies like the US Coast Guard and TSA along with others securing our boarders. As well as having agencies like the Federal Bureau of Investigations and other law enforcement tackling the security of US and its citizens. Having both security and defense creates a well round team and is the reason why the relationship is there and essential to the overall Strategic Plan.

The Homeland Security enterprise is the Department of Homeland Security that is comprised of 22 different agencies taking on the five mission structures of Prevent Terrorism and Enhance Security, Secure and Manage our Borders, Enforce and Administer Our Immigration Laws, Safeguard and Secure Cyberspace; and  Strengthen National Preparedness and Resilience (DHS, 2015, pg 6). These 22 agencies work together to protect the United States and share responsibility accomplishing those missions and goals. The goal per the DHS is “one DHS, one enterprise, a shared vision, with integrated results-based operations” (DHS, 2015, para 2). Stakeholders is anyone that has an interest or can be potentially affected by an outcome, job person etc. Based off this across the three levels of government the stakeholders is every American. This is because first as government officials there is an oath and that is to defend the constitution of the United States. Furthermore, this affects everyone because Homeland security is everyone’s issue and per the Quadrennial Review “the Whole Community approach to national preparedness and resilience, which calls for the investment of everyone – not just the government – in preparedness efforts” DHS, 2015, pg 35). Have a good week.

Federalism Comparing Government Response In Hurricane Katrina Vs Coronavirus

/in /by

Federalism: Comparing Government Response in Hurricane Katrina vs. Coronavirus

Submissions must be a minimum of 2 pages, in length. This does not include your bibliography or works cited. This should be attached and added on as the last page of your essay. Y ou will only have one attempt to upload and submit your paper. Your bibliography or works cited page, and your paper, must be uploaded as a single file. They cannot be uploaded separately. No e-mailed assignments will be accepted.

Your response should be your own thoughts and analysis. Research and resources should be incorporated with scholarly application. I.e. used as examples or evidence to support your analysis. Citations may be formatted in APA, MLA or Chicago style, as long as they are consistent throughout. You must include in-text (parenthetical) citations, as well as a bibliography.If you have questions about citation formatting, please ask me, or utilize the tool easybib.com. You must provide in-text citations, to show ownership of any information that you include, in your essay, which is either

1. not considered common knowledge

2. paraphrased

3. directly quoted

Failure to cite information, properly, will result in students receiving an automatic zero. Furthermore, to not do so is considered plagiarism, and will be treated, as such, in conjunction with HCC’s policies.

Make sure to use complete sentences, and proper grammar. Your response to the prompt should focus on analyzing the information you gather and use to complete the constitutional chart through application. Incorporate the information you gathered by using it to provide examples and support for your response to the prompt.

Essay Topic and Objective:

You will be watching two 50 minute documentaries: The Storm and Coronavirus Pandemic in order to complete this essay.

1. The Storm: Hurricane Documentary (Links to an external site.)

2. Coronavirus Pandemic Documentary (Links to an external site.)

Federalism  Overview: Considered together, Hurricane Katrina and Covid-19 both produced policy disasters in the United States that were both unnecessary and linked to federalism.  These challenges produced by nature raise the question of whether certain disasters are beyond the capacities of state and local government.

Objective: While watching these films, the central theme to take away from these videos is a better and more comprehensive understanding of Federalism, through real life evidence and explanation. Critically analyze each of the elements and consequences of each different national disaster, based on different level of government’s responses, actions. Leadership, communication processes, and decision-making.  Despite, both Hurricane Katrina and Corona Virus being deemed as “national emergencies”, the power organization resulted in vastly different responses by each level of government’s leadership (across all levels: federal, state and local).

Introduction to Federalism: State and Local governments are the first line responders to crisis. The institutions encompass not only the national government and the American states, each with their own distinctive histories, but extend down to the local level of counties, cities, smaller communities, and special-purpose entities such as school districts.  Support and opposition for Federalism rests on government leadership, power, decision-making, and response to national disasters. Response is a geographic and constitutional matter of design. The principles underlying federalism create a power system where multiple levels of government (local, state, and federal) coexist in an organization of power that is both exclusive and shared, depending on the event at hand.  Though the federal government has a vital role to play in advancing national priorities through the powers enumerated to it by the U.S. Constitution, our founders recognized long ago that many of the challenges our citizens face can best be addressed at the state level. The Constitution set forth means for strengthening national government’s power, intended to establish a more perfect union (Preamble). Federalism would be the new organization of power, between local, state and federal U.S. government, in order to the remedy weaknesses caused by the Articles of Confederation.

Principles of Federalism

  • Limited government
  • States’ rights (10th amendment)

Goals of Federalism:

  • Foster cooperation
  • Prevent Federal Intrusion into State
  • Protect State’s utility as “laboratories” of democracy

Central Themes to Focus on and Think About

  • comparisons and discussion of struggles between local,
  • state and federal levels of government according to how federalism has manifested into a power tug-of-war in authority
  • division of power
  • division of duties and responsibilities
  • division of expectations (citizens)
  • financial obligations
  • purpose of a government according to creation and constitutional existence
  • communication confusion in expectations
  • ignorance of rules and exclusionary application
  • boundaries, overlap, and limitations

Hurricane Katrina: The Storm Introduction and Background

The preparations made in advance of the storm. Hurricane Katrina’s impact on the nation. “The Storm” chronicles over 40 years of federal responses to Gulf Coast hurricanes and their effectiveness. The teaching activities are designed to help students evaluate how government helps citizens in times of crisis and examine how prepared students and their communities are for future natural disasters. Although the program and featured lesson plan focuses on the impact of Katrina on New Orleans, it is important to remind students that many communities on the Gulf Coast were devastated.

Coronavirus: Topic Introduction and Background The rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the United States has been met with a decentralized and piecemeal response led primarily by governors, mayors, and local health departments. This disjointed response is no accident. Federalism, or the division of power between a national government and states, is a fundamental feature of US public health authority. Current government’s responses are reactive in the United States, rather than enabling policymakers to get ahead of the crisis.

Prompt:

Apply what you learn from the video, to discuss key topics and questions, outlined in the prompt; show case to me what you learned, explaining how your understanding of the intricacies in the power distribution that exists under American system of government, has become enhanced. Focus, on articulating what you learned, by applying what you saw to address what I have asked to critically focus on, during your viewing. Use your voice. I have provided the platform and safe environment for students to  participate in personalized, value added, political experience, whereby critical examination of current political issues and topics, result in structured and scholarly academic exchange and debate.  

Identify an example of one goal and an example of one challenge federalism presented in each event (i.e. one for each Hurricane Katrina and Coronavirus).Evaluate the evidence to explain what you perceive to be the challenges of federalism compared to necessity or benefits of individualized crisis response. What principle of federalism do you believe to be the most important to meeting the goals of the United State’s ideals in democracy, representation, and majority rule.

Helpful Resources and Links

  • FEMA offiical govt Twitter @FEMA