Policies In A Contemporary Global Society

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In those states with the three strikes laws, any person who has 2 felony strikes and commits another felony, whether it be violent or not, can be required to serve a sentence of 25 years to life.

Look at the case of Ewing v. California:

  • Ewing v. California
    • Click on the PDF link next to the case title.

The defendant had his third strike when he committed grand theft at a golf course in Los Angeles County. This was not a violent crime but he was subject to the three strikes laws. He appealed this case up to the United States Supreme Court—and lost.

The public has always been worried about violent crime, but just how worried are citizens about nonviolent crime? With mandatory sentencing, society will have many older inmates within the prison system. In the criminal justice community, it is known that inmates “age out of crime.” Can you imagine a 68-year-old man climbing in a window or jumping an 8-foot fence? By keeping these older inmates incarcerated, is this a disservice to society?

State prosecutors have the discretion to lower the charge so that the third offense would not be considered a third strike. For this assignment, you are a policy maker in your ( Maryland) state legislature. You are concerned about the heavy tax burden on your constituents. The cost of the actual running of the prison and costs of personnel will rise.

You are also up for re-election, and the feedback that you have received from your constituents has shown that they are dissatisfied with the law that now stands. They are afraid of violent crimes, not just felonies, and are very aware that the last crime committed by the perpetrator does not have to be a violent crime. They are also worried about the use of their tax dollars to incarcerate nonviolent offenders.

Assignment Guidelines

  • Address the following in 5–7 pages:
    • Develop a policy regarding the three strikes laws in the State of California. Address the following in your policy:
      • What alternatives would be placed in the law to give the state prosecutor more freedom to manipulate the third strike?
      • Many prosecutors “load up” charges against defendants to force a plea bargain. What can be done to limit or prevent this practice?
      • Will your policy allow multiple counts arising from the same incident to count as multiple strikes? (For instance, a man arrested for aggravated robbery because of the use of a weapon is charged with aggravated robbery and a felony gun possession charge. Should that count as 1 strike or 2?)
      • If one of the alternatives was supervised probation, how would you convince the public that it would be more cost-effective for the person to be supervised than incarcerated?
      • Show the public where you would be saving money by not incarcerating the perpetrator.
      • If brought up in the legislature to be an amendment to the law, could this be grandfathered in to help older inmates?
      • Could this have a backlash from the public, or would they approve? How? Why?
    • Once you are finished with the policy, draft an executive summary of the policy to be used for political decision making.
  • Use 6–10 scholarly resources to support the provisions of your policy. Dictionaries and encyclopedias are not scholarly sources. Look at federal and state legislation and court cases.
  • Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.

PART 1 Alphanumeric Outline

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alphanumeric outline

You must use the required paper headings as the main headings in your outline: Criminal Event, Etiology, Prediction and Prevention, and CJ Responses. The subheadings will have detail about the information included under the main headings.

Before you submit the outline, remember that it should provide sufficient detail as well as the initial references you have found to this point so that the instructor can provide feedback concerning the content and use of references in your paper.

You should also include a reference page with the sources you have discovered so far in your research.

EVENT CHOSEN:  https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/12/us/orlando-nightclub-shooting/index.html

This is a 2 part assignment and whoever gets this will also get the PART 2 

Final Assignment details to help with Outline

Pick two specific theories (Strain Theory and Social Control Theory) and use these theories to explain a real-world criminal event or activity.

Event: https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/12/us/orlando-nightclub-shooting/index.html

Explain the issues using each theory as follows:

1. Why the specific criminal event or activity that you chose occurred;

2. How each theory can be used to predict and prevent the likelihood of a similar crime occurring in the future, both nationally and globally; and

3. Suggestions that each theory would probably give on how to process this offender (or group of offenders) through the criminal justice system (i.e., death penalty, life sentence, community supervision, treatment orientation or punitive orientation, and so on).

 

Reference Suggestions:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/inside-the-criminal-mind/201510/strain-theory-real-stretch-in-explaining-mass-shootings

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-crime-and-justice-doctor/201811/mass-shooters-unique-criminological-explanation

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 1, No. 5, 2015, pp. 528-539 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/jssh ISSN: 2381-7763 (Print); ISSN: 2381-7771 (Online)

 

PART 2 WILL BE THE BELOW INFORMATION

The Introduction Section should be 3–5 pages. The Main Body should consist of four specific sections. The first section should be entitled “Criminal Event,” which will explain the details of the specific criminal event. The second section, “Etiology,” will explain the two theories chosen to explain the criminal behavior, including the history and current state of each theory. The third the second section should be entitled “Prediction and Prevention,” which will apply the two theories to the criminal event, demonstrating how each theory explains that crime. Lastly, the fourth and the final section should be entitled “Recommended Criminal Justice Responses,” which discusses the policies, programs, and laws created to address this type of criminality in the United States. Each of these sections should be from 3–5 pages in length. This should then be followed by the Conclusion section of roughly 2–3 pages that clearly refines the connection between your chosen theories and your chosen criminal event or criminal activity.

Strategy For Preventing Robberies

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 You are hired as a consultant in City X and are charged with the responsibility of creating a plan to deal with the multiple daytime robbery attacks in your area. Police officers have been able to obtain limited information for each robbery. Your first order of business is to create a draft of a strategic operational/investigative plan to address the crimes. Your plan should be between 5 – 7 pages (excluding title and reference pages.) Please address the following questions in detail. Be creative and utilize any, and all, investigative actions/resources that you can think of. Remember, you are to assemble a plan to address the crimes and ultimately catch the individuals responsible. 1. Create and describe a list of 10 investigative steps you would take to address this situation. 2. What technological assistance would be needed to conduct this operation? 3. What measures would you take to analyze the pattern of robbery activity? 4. How would you go about synthesizing the data and coming to a conclusion based on the data? 5. What types of investigative units would you use to assist in the operation to catch the perpetrators? 6. What supplies/equipment would you purchase to enable the investigation and operation to be conducted? Given the fact that the money allocated for the investigation is low, what steps would you take to procure more funds? (PLEASE NOTE: This assignment will require outside research. Use at least three credible sources.) You may consult the Library, the internet, the textbook, other course material, and any other outside resources in supporting your task, using proper citations in APA style.

Give an overview of the decision of Graham v. Connor

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Part A. (Graham v. Connor) 75 words

Look up the landmark case Graham v. Connor.

Give an overview of the decision of Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 38.

· Do you agree or disagree with the Supreme Court’s ruling?

· Does the court go far enough with this landmark decision? Why or why not.

· If you were the officer on the case, what would you have done?

· What details would have impacted your decision?

· How do you define “reasonable?”

 

Part B. Major Crime in Your Community 2 pages

Use the Internet to search for a recent major crime in FL

· Write a report (narrative only) based on the account of the incident, using the outline process mentioned in chapter three of the course text.

· You may simulate interviews and “fill in” any unknown information required to complete the report.

· Be sure to include the characteristics of an effective police report covered in chapter three.

 

 

Part C.  JonBenet Ramsey 1 page

Background Information

JonBenet Ramsey was a 6-year-old beauty queen who was found murdered in her parents’ Boulder, Colorado, home on December 26, 1996. Still unsolved, the murder led to one of the most publicized police investigations of the 1990s. Several crime scene preservation mistakes were made that day, but one of the mistakes discussed in this weeks’ studies is specifically mentioned.

· Can you identify that mistake? Share your insights

Additional Resources that may help with your assignment…

View this short video clip:

“Boulder Detective on the Ramsey Case says she knows who killed JonBenet Ramsey”

Published by Karie Allison, taken from ABC News “Time Tunnel”

http://youtu.be/-Aly2fPK-XE  

 

 

Part D. Terry v. Ohio 75 words

Review the case Terry v. Ohio

· Do you agree or disagree with the Supreme Court’s ruling? Why or why not.

Some say this decision opens the door to abuse by police officers meaning they will use the decision to inappropriately target people.

Also, find some current events that pertain to this case, and be prepared to cite and summarize those news stories in your post.

Include the following:

Give an overview of the decision of Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968).

Look for some cases that have made the news in the past three months regarding this topic. Provide a brief summary and include your thoughts about how you would have handled the situation if you were on the case. What factors would impact your decision?

 

Part E. Katie Eastburn

Background Information

In May 1985, Kathryn “Katie” Eastburn and her two daughters, Kara, 5, and Erin, 3, were murdered in their home, on the outskirts of Fayetteville, N.C., near Fort Bragg.  Police found Katie next to her bed, raped and murdered.  Two of her three daughters were also stabbed to death, their throats cut.

Instructions

Watch this YouTube video of the crime, making notes on your observations.  Then you will assume the role of criminal investigator and, based on our studies this week, you are to write out your interrogation of the suspect in this case, Tim Hennis.  In doing so, you can make the following assumptions:

· This interrogation occurs after Hennis is arrested and charged through the military (the second time)

· Hennis has been read his Miranda rights and has waived his rights (agreed to speak with you about the case)

Remember, in the second trial Hennis changes his story a little by claiming he and Katie had consensual sex, but he still maintains he didn’t kill her or her children.  That being said, Hennis is not offering any information you don’t ask for, but freely answers any questions you ask him.

Your should be very detailed to include:

1. the location, date, and time of the interview

2. anyone you would have present

3. the method of documentation (if any)

4. information you would use from the first trial (if any) during the interrogation

5. a detailed description of techniques you would use with your questioning

6. a detailed description of the approach you will use when asking questions

7. specifically, what type of questions you would ask (from the five types listed in the textbook – you may use more than one)

8. what, if any, legal deception techniques you might use during the questioning (remember, just because he is answering your questions does not mean he is telling you everything)

9. and finally, once all of the above is laid out, provide a DETAILED list of specific questions you are going to ask

It is expected you will ensure all the information covered in Chapter 6 of CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION ISBN/SKU: 9781285862613

(including the checklist on page 221) will be covered in your final submission.  Naturally, anything else that has been covered thus far in the course may be used if you deem it appropriate.

Additional Resources that may help with your assignment…

The story of this murder is laid out in this YouTube video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmH00rza5Ds  (41 minutes; published by TVTrue1)

 

 

Part F. Use of Force 75 words

Locate the Use of Force Continuum for the police department that has jurisdiction in FL (this is normally posted on their website. If not, you will have to ask them for it).

Is the department’s policy regarding the use of force appropriate for the level of resistance? Why or why not?

Find some recent (in that past three months) news stories that involve use of force.

Your initial post should include…

Cite and summarize the Use of Force continuum used by your police department, as well as the current events stories you found.

From the current events stories, briefly describe the actions that induced the use of force.

How would you have responded if you were the officer on the case?

How do you think our society at large should address use of force?

 

 

Part G. Ferguson, MO and the Michael Brown Shooting 2 pages

Read the attached Case regarding Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson, MO.

Next, in your written assignment, you are to take a position on this case, not based on emotion, but based on the facts and the two applicable pieces of case law we covered this week; Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 109 S. Ct. (1989) and Tennessee v. Garner 471 U.S. 1 (1985).

It is imperative your submission justify your stance through the reference of these two case law decisions and how those decisions are applied in use of force decisions by police officers.

Finally, in your summary, you are to give your personal view on whether or not these two case law decisions were applied properly in this case and why.

 

 

Part H. Megan’s Law 75 words

On July 27, 1994, 7-year-old Megan Kanka was coaxed into a known pedophile’s house with the promise of seeing a new puppy. He then raped and killed her. As a direct result, Megan’s Law was signed into law on Oct. 31, 1994. There has been much controversy and many court challenges to this law due to questions about its constitutionality. Some praised the law, yet civil rights activists claimed it was enacted in a wave of public outrage and that it labels people who pose little danger to society as dangerous. Those who oppose the law say there is negligible evidence it has done any good. Even so the law has been enacted by all 50 states and the federal government.

Your should include…

· In your first post, give an overview of the Megan’s law and any follow-up legislation.

· Next state your stance on any Pros/Cons to this law.

· Do you agree or disagree with this type of legislation? Why or why not.

· In your opinion, do laws like this present any constitutional issues? Why or why not?