American Justice System

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https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/purchase-order-scam-leaves-a-trail-of-victims

(use this link for the topic this assignment got to be on) I need at least 5 reference.

Note: You will submit a case analysis in the form of either a presentation or a 5- to 7-page paper. If you select a presentation, you should have 5–7 slides. Please see the document on Guidelines for Presentations.

 

In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:

  1.  Determine how the physical location and citizenship status of individuals impact the United States’ ability to adhere to procedural due process for apprehending and charging criminals 
  2.  Discern how relevant national and international law enforcement agencies impact crime prevention and response 
  3.  Analyze procedural aspects of the American justice system relevant to specific cases for their implications in addressing international criminal activity
  4.  Illustrate the role of international criminal justice organizations in coordinating the facilitation of U.S. law

Prompt

You are working for a branch of the U.S. international criminal justice system and have been given a choice of three cases to review by senior leadership. They are asking you to examine the case and provide an analysis in which you will review the specific elements, determine the international legal factors involved, and draw a conclusion evaluating the effectiveness and success—or lack thereof—of the investigation and prosecution of the parties involved.

 

Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:

 

I. American Justice System

Before analyzing the specific elements of this case, you will need to be aware of the procedural laws and how citizenship can play a factor in the investigation and eventual prosecution of a criminal.

A. What are the implications of the procedural laws when mitigating domestic and international criminal activity? How do the requirements related to the steps in processing a case impact the United States’ ability to combat criminal activity?

B. What rights and responsibilities do citizens have according to these laws?

C. Explain how procedural law applies to people who are not legal U.S. citizens and how these laws are enforced.

D. According to the United States’ justice system, what are the rights of people who are not legal citizens?

 

II. Violation

For the following, review the elements of the case regarding the violation of the crime.

A. Determine the criminal’s citizenship status and how this impacted the United States’ ability to adhere to procedural due process.

  • 1. Was the criminal a U.S. citizen?
  • 2. Did the criminal have dual citizenship?

B. How does this information affect the United States’ ability to apprehend and charge the criminal?

C. Determine how the criminal’s location impacted the United States’ ability to adhere to procedural due process.

  • 1. At the time of the crime(s) committed, where did the criminal reside?
  • 2. How did this interfere with the investigation and apprehension of this criminal?

D. Explain which laws were violated domestically and internationally and the consequences associated with the violations.

  •  1. What crimes was the criminal charged with in the United States?
  •  2. What were the associated consequences of violating these laws?

III. International Agencies and Law

For the following, review the elements of the case regarding the agencies that were involved in the investigation.

A. Analyze the laws regarding the case-specific violations in the country where the person of interest was or is currently residing. How did these laws aid in the investigation or apprehension of the criminal?

B. Analyze the political factors that played a role in facilitating or mitigating the crime. Did the law enforcement agencies involved enforce the regulations or legislation that the United States has regarding these crimes?

C. Determine the ability level of the law enforcement agency to effectively mitigate these types of crimes. What evidence do you have to support your claims?

D. Which international law enforcement organizations assisted in this investigation? How did the organization aid in the investigation and what were the limitations to their support?

E. Illustrate the extent of reciprocity between related law enforcement agencies.

  • 1. Was U.S. law facilitated in all agencies related to this case?
  •  2. Does the United States reciprocate their laws?
  •  3. Was there a cooperative relationship between the United States and international law enforcement agencies, and is this cooperation still ongoing?

 F. Explain how the United States cooperates with these organizations. What does the United States do to aid in apprehending and enforcing justice for foreign organizations?

G. Why is it necessary to coordinate and cooperate with these agencies?

 

IV. Conclusion

Based on your analysis of the case, compose a conclusion in which you will weigh in on whether you believe the investigation and prosecution of this case were performed effectively. Be sure to include your recommendations for how the investigation and prosecution of this case could have been handled differently to produce a more desirable outcome.

 

Assignment : Constitutional Rights

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Assignment 2: Constitutional Rights
Due Week 10 and worth 200 points

The constitutional rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights are most highly protected during the trial stage of a criminal proceeding. This is when the adversarial process, which characterizes the U.S. criminal justice process, is at its peak.  Analyze and evaluate the steps which would bring an individual to trial beginning with the arrest phase of the process.

Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you:

  1. Identify and discuss the four (4) elements of arrest.
  2. Identify and discuss the four (4) requirements for search and seizure with a warrant.
  3. Explain the various aspects of the plain view doctrine.
  4. Compare and contrast the various means of identifying suspects.
  5. Summarize the basic constitutional rights of the accused during trial.
  6. Use at least four (4) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Critically debate the Constitutional safeguards of key Amendments with specific attention to the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendments.
  • Explain and debate fundamental Supreme Court cases associated with criminal procedure.
  • Define and describe Constitutional laws and the court procedure.
  • Explain and debate fundamental Supreme Court cases associated with criminal procedure.

Emergency Preparedness Drill Final

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  Title

ABC/123 Version X

 1
  Emergency Management Scenario Three

CJA/375 Version 3

 2

University of Phoenix Material

Emergency Management Scenario Three

Explosion

The City of Mertzville has a Professional Baseball Team with a stadium maximum capacity of 40,000 people. This stadium is in the downtown area and is near a large hospital and a busting city environment with a multitude of easting establishments, nightclubs, and shopping. The stadium had a large explosion in the third base seating area (west side) of the stadium.

Overview: The City of Mertzville has is 78 square miles and has a population of a 198,000 people with two operational hospitals, three high schools, four junior high schools, and nine elementary schools. There are thre police stations, seven fire stations, and one National Guard training center for resources. Mertzville has very little public transportation and the majority of transportation is via personal vehicle. Your learning team assignment requires a response plan and general management approach the critical incident resulting from the explosion and implement an immediate plan for Incident Command System (ICS). As part of this assignment your learning team must:

Create a 1050-1400 word detailed executive summary and operations plan detailing:

1) Initial response

2) Incident management/establishment including ICS Org. Chart

3) Demobilization of resources

4) Restoration

5) Recovery approach to the Explosion Management Management scenario

Create a 15-20 slide PowerPoint presentation detailing your learning teams’ initial emergency response, incident management (ICS) establishment, and overall approach to the emergency management scenario. Your presentation must include the following:

· An overview of the emergency management incident

· Initial response, roles, and assignment of first responders (patrol officers, fire, ems)

· The full range of Incident Command System (ICS) including:

· command, structure, sections, positions, and roles.

· All positions must be documented by title, role, and assignment, with assigned personnel for each position.

· You must have all roles included in a proper detailed organization chart.

· Public information statement

· Social media approach and information dissemination

· Traffic plan

· Evacuation plan

· Medical plan

· Demobilization plan

· Mitigation concerns must be addressed with an area recovery plan

Answer the following questions at the end of your presentation:

· Should there be national standards for emergency management operations plans at large-scale sporting events?

· How do you notify citizens or give better response and evacuation instructions?

· How do you deal with internal communications of those working in the explosive environment and may not be able to utilize radios/communication equipment?

· What are your plans for documenting the event for future training and response approaches?

· How can training be improved for better response to future emergency preparedness and incidents?

You have the flexibility to improvise or realistically create information or details not included in the emergency management materials. Critical elements of this assignment focus on your team’s ability to understand differing ways and means to apply the emergency management process and approach to safely manage critical incidents. These incidents often involve tough decisions including assignments, personnel, equipment, training, and other factors affecting employees.

Copyright © XXXX by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2016 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Describe the traditional problems associated with finding digital evidence.

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Berkeley College Cyber Crime

Lecture Notes Chapter 11

Searching and Seizing Computer-Related Evidence

I. TRADITIONAL PROBLEMS WITH FINDING DIGITAL EVIDENCE

Unlike traditional investigations in which forensic experts are tasked with analysis of criminal evidence, computer-related investigations often require role multiplicity on the part of investigators.

Computer crime investigators are often forced to act as case supervisors, investigators, crime-scene technicians, and forensic scientists. Such duality is further exacerbated by characteristics unique to digital evidence.

· Digital evidence is especially volatile and voluminous, susceptible to climatic or environmental factors as well as human error.

· It may be vulnerable to power surges, electro- magnetic fields, or extreme temperatures.

· Unlike traditional evidence in which analysis of small samples is utilized to preserve the totality of the evidence, assessment of digital evidence requires evaluation of the whole, making investigative mistakes quite costly.

· Digital evidence is also unique in its level of camouflage possibilities, lending itself to concealment by individuals desiring to hide information. Cyber criminals may hide incriminating evidence in plain sight without damaging its utility.

· Cyber criminals also use encryption and steganography programs which has made the process of recovering data increasingly complex.

· Cyber criminals use self-destructive programs to sabotage their own systems upon unauthorized access.

II. PRE-SEARCH ACTIVITIES

a. Intelligence gathering: determine location, size, type, and numbers of computers at a suspect scene.

Dumpster diving: processing trash of suspect may provide information of passwords or personal information on the suspect.

Social engineering and informants: gain information about suspects and personnel at the scene, types of computers and storage devices as well as operating systems.

b. Warrant preparation and application:

1. Determine the role of the computer in the crime.

2. Specifications of operating systems, storage devices and hardware.

3. Structure the application according to the unique court environments in the area of service. Find a judge that supports law enforcement versus one that doesn’t.

4. Have the application reviewed by other specialists, computer investigators and legal experts, before submitting to the judge or magistrate.

5. Clearly substantiate any requests for seizure of equipment found at the scene.

6. If exigent circumstances exist, a request for a “no-knock” warrant should be included in the application.

c. Probable cause: three elements are necessary in warrant.

1. Probable cause that a crime has been committed.

2. Probable cause that evidence of a crime exists.

3. Probable cause that extant evidence resides in a particular location.

d. Preparing a Toolkit: include all traditional equipment law enforcement uses plus computer specific equipment and materials (some listed below):

1. Multiple boot disks

2. Backup hardware

3. Antivirus software

4. Imaging software

5. Forensic software

6. Extra cables, serial port connectors

7. Extension cords and power strips

8. Cell phone analysis software and necessary hardware

III. On-Scene Activities

a. Securing the crime scene: one of the most important, yet overlooked, factors in the successful prosecution of a suspect.

1. Dangerous individuals or safety hazards immediately recognized and contained or neutralized.

2. All computers must be locked and secured. They are to be protected by a police officer.

3. All non-police personnel must be removed from the immediate area of the evidence.

4. Network connections must be ascertained and appropriate action taken.

5. All suspects should be immediately separated and escorted to a predetermined location.

b. Crime scene processing:

1. Photograph/Video: The golden rule for any successful criminal investigation should be document, document, document. Photographs and videos are an integral part of the documentation process, and they should occur at every stage of scene processing.

2. Sketching: Sketching a crime scene is essential in any criminal investigation. It provides an overview of the state of the scene and acts as corroboration for investigative field notes and scene photographs. Because extraneous objects may be omitted from crime-scene sketches and not from photographs, sketches represent a more focused illustration of the applicable evidence.

3. Locating evidence: focus on the general areas below:

a. Desktops

b. Monitors

c. Keyboards

d. Telephone

e. Wallets or purses

f. Clothing

g. Trash cans, Shredders, Recycle bins or other garbage containers

h. Printers

i. Inside the computer

c. Seizure and transportation of evidence:

1. Whenever possible, each individual investigator or team of investigators should physically maintain in their possession a copy of the warrant.

2. Once the determination is made that evidence may be seized, and the collection process should be initiated with the imaging (i.e., duplicated byte for byte, bit for bit) of drives onto clean media

3. Bagging and tagging: Like any scientific evidence, great care must be exercised when collecting and preserving crime-scene evidence. The chain of custody and continuity of possession must be maintained at all times for court admissibility. Investigators should adhere to standard operating procedures for custodial evidence collection—keeping in mind that routinization enhances witness credibility and evidence validity. Although policies and procedures vary by department, certain things remain constant.

Special care and caution should be exercised in preserving computer evidence. The materials may be affected by numerous environmental factors including heat, magnetic fields, static electricity as well as oil, dirt and dust.

4. Transportation to Laboratory:

a. Once the evidence has been properly collected and loaded into appropriate vehicles for transportation, investigators should follow traditional procedures for exiting a crime scene (e.g., physically securing the scene and removal of recovery equipment).

b. Prior to leaving, investigators should re-photograph the crime scene.

c. Upon arrival at the lab, shipping manifests should be checked over carefully, and all items should be properly accounted for. In addition, investigators should note the condition of the boxes upon unloading. These manifests should remain with the evidence at all times.

d. Once accounted for, all incoming evidence should be entered into the appropriate evidence control systems and assigned to a location or examiner to await analysis.

Homework Questions-Chapter 11

1. Describe the traditional problems associated with finding digital evidence.

2. Discuss the areas noted in the lecture notes relative to securing the crime scene in computer-related investigations.

3. Discuss the handling of seized evidence prior to transportation to the laboratory.

4. Discuss crime scene processing for computer-related crimes.