November 2022 – Page 35 – Homework Handlers

Compare The Difference Of Written Directives That Are Used In Criminal Justice And How They Would Compare To The Private Or Corporate World

November 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by SK

Any Police Department

ORGANIZATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL

General Order Number: GO-01 Effective Date: 4/15/99 REFERENCE: Reviewed: 9/17/02 Accreditation Standards: 12.2.1. and 12.2.2. Mass. Gen. Law: Other: Directives Notebook, Electronic Directive System,

Form 12-1, Form 12-2 _________________________

PURPOSE: The Chief of Police has established regulations, policies, and procedures for the government, discipline, and supervision of the Any Police Department. He also has the authority to issue, modify, or approve department directives. Personnel guidelines are a necessity in any organization if it is to effectively achieve the purposes for which it is established. This is particularly true in a police department, where the reputation of the organization is fundamentally dependent upon the personal conduct and professional competence of its individual officers. Although this Manual is especially directed to the officers of the police department, it is expected that all civilian employees will adhere to, and be guided by, all written directives consistent with the positions they hold and with their duties and functions in the department. It cannot be expected that the contents of this Manual will cover all situations or emergencies that may arise. By the very nature of police work, police officers in the field must perform their duties independently and with a minimum of direct supervision. Their

APD-Written Directives

CRJ311 – Effective Communications for Criminal Justice Professionals

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 2

own intelligence, practical experience, prudent discretion, and common sense will often be their only available guidelines in carrying out their responsibilities. The department is responsible for providing administrative direction and control to all members of the department. One of the department’s responsibilities is to ensure that internal directives are carefully organized in a manner that will provide guidance and easy access to members in departmental expectations, rules, regulations, policies, and procedures. The purpose of the following procedures is to establish definitions and formats for various written directives to be issued by the department and to provide for proper preparation, indexing, and distribution, so that department personnel are kept informed of new, revised, or canceled rules, regulations, policies, procedures, or organizational changes. PROCEDURES: 1. COMPOSITION OF MANUAL: The Any Police Department Manual is now located

on the department computer system where employees shall have access, by following the installed directions to gain admittance to the desired chapter, in addition, hard copies of the manual shall be located throughout the department for employee reference. This manual contains the official regulations, policies, and procedures and other written directives of the department. The manual is comprised of two main sections. The first is the Regulations, and the second is the Policies and Procedures. The MANUAL shall be updated on an as-needed basis as deemed appropriate by the Chief of Police. It is the responsibility of each employee to comply with and obey, and to keep current with, the Department Regulations, Policies, Procedures, and Directives.

A. REGULATIONS: The Regulations segment of the Manual is organized in

the following manner:

1. INDEX (Search mode): An extensive numerical index notes the location of all Regulations. Use of this index should assist the user in locating material rapidly.

2. PARTS: The Regulations segment of the manual is sub-divided into

three parts:

a. Part I- Organization of The Any Police Department; b. Part II- General Regulations All Members; c. Part III- Regulations Relating to Procedures.

B. POLICIES AND PROCEDURES: The Policies and Procedures segment of

the manual is organized in the following manner:

1. TABLE OF CONTENTS: A Table of Contents indicates the location of policies and procedures numerically by chapter number and subject matter.

2. CHAPTERS:

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 3

A. The Policies and Procedures segment of the manual is

organized by chapter. Each page of a Policy and Procedure shall be numbered in the bottom right corner of each page.

B. The first number shall indicate the chapter number; the

number following the hyphen shall indicate the page number.

3. INDEX: An extensive alphabetical index of subjects is located at the end of the Policies and Procedures segment of the manual. The use of this index should assist the user in locating material as quickly as possible.

4. ISSUANCE: All Policies and Procedures shall be promulgated by the

issuance of a General Order. Whenever a policy is approved, the Commanding Officer – Administrative Division shall be responsible to ensure that the policy is transferred to the computer system for all personnel, and that hard copies are made available in the locations designated for same:

1. Office of Chief of Police (2); 2. Office of Deputy Chiefs (2) 3. Office of Commanding Officer – Patrol Division; 4. Office of Commanding Officer – Investigation Division; 5. Office of Commanding Officer – Community Services Division; 6. Office of Commanding Officer – Administrative Division; 7. Office of Commanding Officer – Emergency

Telecommunications Division 8. Office of Commanding Officer – Platoon on Duty.

5. REVISIONS: All Policies and Procedures that have been revised

shall be promulgated by the issuance of a General Order. The revision date (month/year) of the Policy and Procedure shall be noted on the front page of the policy and procedure. This revision shall be promulgated in the same manner as in number 4 above.

6. Manual to be Placed in Computer: There will no longer be a issuance

of hard copy directives, they will be issued in the computer. As a new policy is placed in the computer, Officers will be signing a sheet, acknowledging that the polices are in the computer. At least thirty (30) days later, officers will sign indicating that they have read, reviewed and understand the new policy. This will be done through the officer supervisor. There will be copies of the manual, (hard copies) placed in the following areas for review if needed, copying and for signing out for further review at home. The manuals will be located as follows:

a. Copies not to be removed:

Chief‘s Office (2) Deputy Chiefs (2)

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 4

Operations area Patrol Division Investigation Division Administrative Division Community Services Division Emergency Telecommunications Division

b. Copies that may be signed out: Training Unit

7. Procedures to access the Manual from Computer Menu Screen:

a. Sign on b. open up “My Computer” c. open up “H” drive (911 Server) d. open up “APD” Folder e. open up “APD Share” Folder f. open up “APD Manual” g. all policies are in Word Format and listed alphabetically.

C. MISCELLANEOUS WRITTEN DIRECTIVES: A copy of the following directives will be placed in the department Directives Manual, located in the Operations section: 1. General Orders; 2. Special Orders; 3. Personnel Orders; 4. Memoranda; 5. Bulletins; 6. Instructional material and other written directives as determined

appropriate by the Chief of Police. 2. DEFINITIONS: The following terms and definitions are to be used as a part of the

department’s written directive system. A written directive is any written document used to guide or affect the performance or conduct of department employees. The term includes, but is not limited to, policies, procedures, regulations, general orders, special orders, memoranda, bulletins, and instructional material.

A. GENERAL ORDERS: General Orders are permanent written orders

issued by the Chief of Police outlining policy matters. A general order is the most authoritative written order the Chief of Police issues, and may be used to amend, supersede, or cancel any previous order. General Orders shall also be issued to promulgate Policies and Procedures. General orders remain in full effect until amended, superseded, or canceled by the Chief of Police.

B. SPECIAL ORDERS: Special Orders are temporary written orders issued by

the Chief of Police, Deputy Chief of Police, or Division Commanders outlining instructions covering particular situations. Special orders are automatically canceled when their objective is achieved.

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 5

C. PERSONNEL ORDERS: Personnel Orders are orders pertaining to assignments, change of duty assignments, administrative matters related to condition of employment, and employee rights and benefits. Personnel Orders are issued by the Chief of Police or Deputy Chief of Police.

D. MEMORANDA: Memoranda are written communications issued by the

Chief of Police, Deputy Chief of Police, or Division Commanders for one or more of the following purposes:

1. To issue information or instruction which does not warrant a formal

order;

2. To direct the actions of subordinates in specific situations;

3. To explain or emphasize portions of previously issued orders; or

4. To inform members of actions or policies of other agencies.

E. BULLETINS: Information of use to members. Bulletins deal with matters such as training schools, community services, and other specific events for which there is a need for instruction or notification.

F. PROCEDURAL MANUALS: These are manuals that have been developed

to assist and guide members of the department in the performance of their duties. All members shall, when performing duties dealt within these manuals, comply with their contents.

1. REGULATION: A mandate promulgated by the Chief of Police,

applicable to all members of the department, and having the force of law.

2. POLICY: A written directive that is a broad statement of department

principles. Policy statements may be characterized by words such as “may” or “should” and usually do not establish fixed rules or set procedures for conduct of a particular activity, but rather provide a framework for development of procedures and regulations.

3. PROCEDURE: A written directive which is a guideline for carrying

out department activities. A procedure may be made mandatory in tone through the use of “shall” rather than “should” or “must” rather than “may” Procedures sometimes allow some latitude and discretion in carrying out an activity.

3. ISSUING AUTHORITY FOR DIRECTIVES:

A. GENERAL ORDERS: Chief of Police B. SPECIAL ORDERS: Chief of Police, Deputy Chief of Police, and Division

Commanders

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 6

C. PERSONNEL ORDERS: Chief of Police and Deputy Chief of Police

D. MEMORANDA: Chief of Police, Deputy Chief of Police, and Division

Commanders E. BULLETINS: Chief of Police, Deputy Chief of Police, and Division

Commanders 4. DISTRIBUTION OF DIRECTIVES:

A. GENERAL ORDERS: General orders will be binding on all personnel until officially modified or rescinded.

1. General Orders will be distributed to all affected personnel, or may

at the discretion of the Chief of Police be distributed to Division Commanders for posting and placement in the Police Information Book. General Orders affecting a large segment of the department shall be read at three consecutive roll calls.

General Orders, at the direction of the Commanding Officer – Administrative Division, will be inserted in the manuals located through out the department.

2. It shall be the responsibility of each Division Commander to ensure

that all personnel under his command have read and understand the general order, and that the general order has been posted.

B. SPECIAL ORDERS:

1. Special Orders shall be distributed to all affected personnel, or may,

at the discretion of the Chief of Police, be distributed to affected Division Commanders for posting and placement in the Police Information book as appropriate. Special Orders affecting a large segment of the department shall be read at three consecutive roll calls.

2. It shall be the responsibility of Division Commanders to ensure that

all applicable personnel under their command have received the special order.

C. PERSONNEL ORDERS:

1. Personnel Orders will be distributed to all indicated personnel, or

may, at the discretion of the Chief of Police, be distributed to Division Commanders for dissemination.

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 7

2. It shall be the responsibility of division commanders to ensure that all applicable personnel under their command have received the personnel order.

D. MEMORANDA: Memoranda will be distributed to all indicated personnel or

may be distributed to all Division Commanders for posting and/or placement in the Police Information book at the discretion of the issuing authority. Memoranda may include instructions for inclusion in the Manual if deemed appropriate by the Chief of Police. Any memorandum that effects a large segment of the department, is essential to career development, involves officer or citizen safety, or is determined to be of great interest or importance shall be issued to all members and shall be included in the manual. Memoranda affecting a large segment of the department shall be read at three consecutive roll calls.

E. BULLETINS: Bulletins will be distributed to all indicated personnel or may

be distributed to Division Commanders for posting and/or placement in the Police Information book at the discretion of the issuing authority. Bulletins may include instructions for inclusion in the Manual if deemed appropriate by the Chief of Police.

5. PREPARATION OF WRITTEN DIRECTIVES:

A. Written directives shall not conflict with previously established rules, regulations, policies, or procedures, unless short-term extenuating circumstances exist.

B. All written directives will be stated in precise terms with grammatical

accuracy.

C. All of the above mentioned written directives shall be forwarded to the Office of the Chief of Police for numbering.

D. Whenever applicable, all written directives shall carry notations directing

attention to other published documents, directives, or manuals which are related. Any directive amending, rescinding, or superseding other written directives shall indicate identifying notations (order number, regulation number, etc.) necessary to connect them.

6. INDEXING AND GENERAL FORMAT: All written directives shall be identified in

the following manner:

A. GENERAL ORDERS: GO plus sequential number plus date.

Example: GO-1 1/1/97

B. SPECIAL ORDERS: SO plus sequential number plus date.

Example: SO-1 1/1/97

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 8

C. PERSONNEL ORDERS: PO plus sequential number plus date.

Example: PO-1 1/5/86

D. MEMORANDUM: M plus date of issue.

Example: M-1/1/97

E. BULLETIN: B plus date of issue.

Example: B-1/1/97

7. WRITTEN DIRECTIVES THAT ARE TO BE PLACED IN MANUAL: All General

Orders, Special Orders, Personnel Orders, Memoranda, and Bulletins will be placed in the manuals located through out the department. These directives are to remain in the Manual until they expire, or are modified or rescinded.

8. REVIEW:

A. All General Orders, Special Orders, Personnel Orders, Memoranda, or Bulletins that have no expiration date shall be reviewed as necessary to determine if:

1. They should be canceled;

2. They should be permanently incorporated in the Regulations or

Policies and Procedures of the department;

3. They should be revised and re-issued;

4. They should remain in effect until the next or subsequent reviews.

B. All reviews of written directives shall be conducted by the Commanding Officer – Administrative Division with input from the issuing authority. The Chief of Police shall make the final determination as to what directives will be canceled, permanently incorporated in the manual, revised and re-issued, or remain in effect.

C. The written directives contained herein shall be under constant review. All

policies, procedures, and regulations shall continue in force indefinitely, unless rescinded, amended, or revised.

9. PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES: The following procedural guidelines will be

adhered to by all members of the Any Police Department:

A. All Department employees shall have access to both Electronic Directive System and the hard copy of the Department Manual.

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 9

B. All members are expected to read the Manual and to be thoroughly familiar with its contents. Members will be held accountable for understanding all policies and following all directives in the manual. All members are invited and encouraged to forward suggestions for the improvement of department operations, practices, and procedures, in writing through department channels, for the attention of the Chief.

C. New regulations, policies, and procedures will be issued through a General

Order.

D. Employees are responsible for checking the “Directives Notebook” in the guardroom to see what directives have been issued when they have been absent. They are responsible for reading each directive which has been issued during their absence, whether or not it is read at their roll call.

10. STAFF REVIEW: The appropriate unit supervisor or commander will participate in

the review process when originating, revising, or canceling policies, directives, procedures, or other memoranda affecting their component.

11. MAINTAINING THE MANUAL: The Administrative Division will maintain the

designated hard copies.

A. The following procedure shall be used when placing a new order in this Manual:

1. In alphabetical order, enter the new indexing information into the

Manuals alphabetical index.

2. Enter the subject in its proper numerical sequence in the code index.

B. When removing a replaced, superseded, or canceled order from the Manual, cross out or delete neatly all indexing data pertaining to the old order.

C. This Manual is designed for use in a three-ring binder using pre-printed

dividers.

12. POLICY REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT:

A. Any requests for policy and procedure review, development, or change will be directed to the Chief of Police.

B. Any such requests will then be forwarded to the appropriate authority as

determined by the Chief of Police.

C. Drafts of such policy shall first be reviewed by the Chief of Police and then disseminated to Division Commanders as directed by the Chief of Police.

D. The appropriate Division Commanders will receive a draft copy of the order.

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 10

E. Division Commanders are encouraged to seek input on policy and

procedure development from subordinates:

1. At a minimum, Division Commanders should afford supervisors under their command an opportunity to review orders and provide input. Depending on the nature of the order, selected personnel in various operational components, e.g., communications, crime prevention, operations, etc., should be permitted review and input.

2. All such input should be collected by the individual Division

Commanders. The Division Commander will then sign and forward the review sheet with the attached order and indicated changes to the Office of the Chief of Police.

F. Recommended changes will be incorporated in the order as determined by

the Chief of Police:

1. Any Division Commander requesting additional review will then receive the revised final draft for review.

2. After this second review, the draft will be returned to the Office of the

Chief of Police.

G. Completed reviewed and approved orders will then be issued at the direction of the Chief of Police through the Administrative Division.

13. DIRECTIVE AWARENESS:

A. When a new policy, procedure, or regulation, becomes effective, all members shall sign Form 12-1, acknowledging and understanding receipt of such directive.

B. Thirty days after issuance of a new or modified policy, procedure, or

regulation, members shall sign Form 12-2, acknowledging review and understanding of such directive.

14. ACCREDITATION FILES: In all cases of issued directives, whether department-

wide, division-wide, or unit-wide, a copy shall be forwarded to the Administration Division. This is a necessary procedure in order to maintain department standards as mandated by the accreditation process.

15. REPORTS MANUAL: (Field Reports Only) A Reports Manual will be maintained

by the Patrol Division, the purpose of the Reports Manual is to:

A. Establish guidelines as to when reports must be written; B. Identify which forms are to be used in field reporting; C. Identify information required in field reports; D. Identify procedures to be followed in completing field reports; and

ANY POLICE DEPARTMENT MANUAL 11

E. Identify procedures for submitting and processing reports. 16. FORMS: All forms should be forwarded to the Administration Division for revisions

and implementation, and numbering.

Crime Pattern Chart

November 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by SK

Create a chart analyzing crime patterns.

Look at the seven types of crime patterns.
Research crimes (preferably in the local news). Select crime stories that correspond to each of the crime patterns.
Explain how each crime fits that specific crime pattern type; cite sources to support analysis.
How could the information about the crime, as well as what you know about the crime pattern, be used to solve the crime?
If a crime in the stories has already been solved, how was the information about the crime and the crime pattern used to solve it?
What kind of leads can you deduce from each one of the crimes?
If any of the stories you are analyzing involves multiple crimes, what common characteristics do they share?

Be sure to cite three to five relevant scholarly sources in support of your content. Use only sources found at the School Library, government websites, or those provided in Topic Materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines,

Types of Patterns

As discussed in Chapter 3, a crime pattern is a group of two or more crimes reported to or discovered by the police that is treated as one unit of analysis because (1) the crimes share one or more key commonalities that make them notable and distinct, (2) there is no known relationship between victim and offender, and (3) the criminal activity is typically of limited duration (IACA, 2011b). The International Association of Crime Analysts (2011b) categorizes crime patterns into seven main types, both to structure the identification of patterns and to provide a common language for communication about patterns within police departments and their communities. The following are definitions of the seven types according to the IACA (2011b, pp. 3–4):

Series is a group of similar crimes thought to be committed by the same individual or group of individuals acting in concert. Examples: Four commercial arsons citywide in which a black male between the ages of 45 and 50 wearing yellow sweatpants, a black hooded sweatshirt, and a yellow “Yankees” cap was observed leaving the commercial structures immediately after the fire alarm was triggered; five home invasion–style robberies involving two to three white males in their 20s wearing stockings over their faces, displaying a silver, double-barreled shotgun, and driving a red 2000 to 2010 Honda Civic.

Spree is a specific type of series characterized by high frequency of criminal activity within a remarkably short time frame, to the extent that the activity appears almost continuous. Examples: A rash of thefts from autos at a parking garage over the course of 1 hour; multiple apartments in a high-rise building burglarized during daytime hours on a single day.

Hot prey refers to a group of crimes, committed by one or more individuals, involving victims who share similar physical characteristics and/or engage in similar behavior. Examples: five home invasion robberies of new immigrant Asian families occurring throughout the city over 6 weeks; seven fraudulent check scams targeting elderly victims over 1 week; 10 robberies, committed by different offenders, of intoxicated persons walking home alone from the bars on the weekend over 2 months.

Hot spot refers to a group of similar crimes committed by one or more individuals at locations within close proximity to one another (IACA, 2011b); it is also called a micro-time hot spot (Santos & Santos, 2015d). It is important to more clearly differentiate micro-time hot spots from long-term or macro-time hot spots (i.e., problem areas) since the micro-time hot spot is the most common type of pattern identified by crime analysts. Thus, a micro-time hot spot is the emergence of several closely related crimes within a few minutes’ travel distance from one another (i.e., micro-place) that occurs within a relatively short period of time (i.e., micro-time)—a crime “flare-up” (Santos & Santos, 2015c). Examples: four daytime burglaries over the past 2 weeks at a suburban residential subdivision, with no notable similarities in method of entry or known suspects; 10 commercial burglaries over the course of 3 weeks at businesses located within a 0.5-mile radius during overnight hours.

Hot setting refers to a group of similar crimes committed by one or more individuals that are primarily related by type of place where the crimes occurred. Examples: seven late-night robberies of 24-hour convenience stores throughout the city by different offenders over 2 weeks; five burglaries of duplex homes adjacent to the same abandoned railway bed over a single weekend; 10 thefts from commercial vans/trucks parked at night in residential neighborhoods over 3 weeks.

Hot place refers to a group of similar crimes committed by one or more individuals at the same location. Examples: a local movie theatre that has experienced 10 thefts from auto, three incidents of graffiti on the building, and two strong-arm robberies in the parking lot over the course of 1 month; an apartment community that has experienced two stranger-on-stranger sexual assaults, one drug-related shooting, and five residential burglaries within 3 weeks.

Hot product refers to a group of crimes committed by one or more individuals in which a unique type of property is targeted for theft. Clarke (1999) coined this term, defining hot products as “those consumer items that are most attractive to thieves” (p. 23). Examples: four thefts of handguns taken out of vehicles at residential and commercial places in 2 weeks; 15 burglaries of vacant homes and construction sites in which only copper wiring and piping was taken over 6 weeks; 10 thefts of laptops and smartphones occurring across one college campus during the first month of school.

It is important to note that these pattern types are not mutually exclusive (i.e., a pattern can be more than one type). However, when deciding which to assign to a pattern of crimes, the type with the most specificity should be chosen. For example, if a pattern is identified in which the same suspect is robbing convenience stores, it is both a series and a hot setting. The analyst would title it as a series because that title provides more specific information about the pattern in that the same suspect is more specific than the same type of place

Applying Theory To Victimization

November 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by SK

See my comments throughout your paper and the grading rubric on the last page.

Library Research: Applying Theory to Violent Victimization

Module 1: Assignment 3

Christine Ramirez Maldonado

Argosy University

Victimization is when a person has been victimized. It is quite clear that the root word of victimized or victimization is “victim,” therefore let’s start by defining that first. A victim is any person who is harmed, injured, or killed as a result of crime. Therefore, victimization or victimizing someone else is an act of making someone a victim. Evidently, a person harms, inures, or kills someone else as a result of a crime they commit. The crime itself can be an act of harming, injuring, or killing someone, but it can also be a consequence of a crime.

The three victimization theory that would explain Carla’s case would be the lifestyle theory, routine activity theory and deviant place theory. I have chosen these theories because I feel it would best explain what and why it had happen to Carla. All three of these theories by definition are related to each other in a way or another. Lifestyle theory claims that individuals are targeted based on their lifestyle choices and that these lifestyles choices expose them to criminal offenders and situations in which crimes may be committed. An example to Carla’s situation would be her jogging to her boyfriend’s place at night even though he lives in a broken-down apartment hidden from the main road. Routine activity theory explains the rate of victimization through a set of situations that reflect the routines of typical individuals such as: availability of suitable targets, absence of capable guardians, and the presence of motivated offenders. This theory explains that the presence of one or more of these factors creates a higher risk of victimization. In Carla’s case, the offenders would know that she routinely jogs to her boyfriend’s house from hers which it allows the offenders to know when and where to commit the crime against her. Deviant place theory states that greater exposure to dangerous places makes an individual more likely to become the victim of a crime. Unlike the victim precipitation theory, the victims do not influence the crime by actively or passively encouraging it, but rather are victimized as a result of being in a bad area. Carla knew that the area where her boyfriend lives is not a great area yet she still chooses to jog there at night. Carla should have avoided jogging there at night time to avoid being the victim of the crime.

In my opinion, the theory that is most relevant to Carla’s case would be the routine activity theory. I have chosen this theory because she had been killed and sexually assaulted and her body was found ten minutes in an area covered with trees, between the main road and the apartment complex where Casey lived. Because she routinely jogged to her boyfriend’s place, it would make her an easy target for the offenders for they would know where to wait for her. There are so many possibilities for Carla to victimize in this situation. The located on she goes to is not a great neighborhood; jogging at night to her boyfriend’s broken-down apartment between a bar where drinking occurs and the building used by probation officers and drug rehab is not a great area for a female to be jogging at night. As a female, you have many disadvantages and crimes committed against you. Areas where crime rate is high should be avoided; areas where there would be drunks should be avoided along with such areas that have constant movements of offenders in and out like the building probation officers uses and drug rehab counselor uses. Comment by Douglas Brinkley: Good selection of theories that are applicable to this scearnio.

I believe the least theory related to Carla’s case would be the victim precipitation theory. Victim precipitation theory views victimology from the standpoint that the victims themselves may actually initiate, either passively or actively, the criminal act that ultimately leads to injury or death. In this theory, the victim unconsciously exhibits behaviors or characteristics that instigate or encourage the attack. Siegel lists job promotions, job status, successes, love interests, and the like as examples of these unconscious behaviors and characteristics. The reason why I have chosen this theory because Carla was jogging to her boyfriend’s place and was showing any behavior or characteristics which may encourage the attack done on her. It just so happen that she was jogging in the dark to a bad area located between bars, building used by probation officers and away from the main road.

I don’t believe that Carla is to be blamed totally for what had happened to her. I think that she had made a poor decision which causes her life. She should have driven her car rather than jog at night time to her boyfriend’s place. I don’t think anyone would have asked to have what happen to Carla to happen to them. There are very many sick people out there. The fact that she is a female puts her at a higher risk of being victimized. I for one would not be jogging at night anywhere and especially to a place where it is hidden from the main road and is located between a bar and a building occupy by probation officer. Such apartment that are broken-down means the rent is cheap, when the rent is cheap, it attracts many types of bad people to live there such as, drug dealers, drug addicts, drunks, sex offenders, etc. She could have avoided it all by having her boyfriend pick her up or driving there herself.

References:

Harper, Laine (August 22, 2014) The Four Theories of Victimization. https://soapboxie.com/government/The-Four-Theories-of-Victimization

http://myeclassonline.com/re/DotNextLaunch.asp?courseid=13746222&userid=25779565&sessionid=14af64d02c&tabid=g5vaNuiJdqsMOaMuRVbJ2Nn365/R3jrW2sjL5s7wBKjjGrH8rDI1ssUSqjm88k4E&sessionFirstAuthStore=true&macid=xK721iMxH2IwPDT7dr98nLB2qjgf7D5hErPBuVMeS2R9EYT/V6bXIomnR1adRbx3MPh9aCHqm7usovhkb3QOjag5LdZXJRb5QGfBFxw2vW7lefHCFxu+aG0FhUOTHN2KL2TGwAYKHKNr3ivz5zIgU5gd864/2CsIMVf2Ce7meLYkY31QPKHba2pi5XRgrL7GgaQcCE5ryFkf3gwaCGchRM4QTw6Ww5tIH5dT7cQVahM=

Instructor Feedback and Grading Rubric

You did a good job highlighting the circumstances that resulted in the death of Cara and relating the victimization theories presented in class to this specific case. Good use of a variety of resources to support your theory assertions. Your paper was well written and formatted.

Assignment 3 Grading Criteria	Maximum Points
Analyzed and explained at least three victimization theories that relate to Carla’s case.	32/32
Analyzed and justified a victimization theory that relates to the case and another that is least relevant to the case.	32/32
Analyzed and justified whether Carla precipitated or was partially to blame for the crime.	28/28
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution of sources; and used accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation:	8/8
Total:	100/100

Criminal Justice Week 7 & 8

November 30, 2022/in Uncategorized /by SK

Criminal Justice (CCJS 100)

Week 7

Below are scenarios of two crimes. The questions for the discussion follow each of the scenarios.

You must use at least two resources to back up your thoughts and you must base your opinion off of your readings for the week.

1. A murderer, who experienced years of abuse at the hands of his victim, finally “snapped” and killed his girlfriend. Should this offender be considered for a sentence of community supervision? Why or why not? In addition to providing justification with resources, detail two factors you took into consideration in determining whether or not they should receive this sentence.

2. A college student who has no previous criminal record engaged in reckless driving and a pedestrian was killed as a result. Should this offender be considered for a sentence of community supervision? Why or why not? In addition to providing justification with resources, detail two factors you took into consideration in determining whether or not they should receive this sentence.

Be sure to use course readings and your outside research to support your thoughts. All posts should be supported with references. Initial posts should be at least 300 words and response posts should be no less than 150 word and ALL posts should have in-text citations and APA formatted references.

Please remember this is a discussion board, so you should post early and often. The minimum requirement is one initial post and two response posts.

Week 8

Based on what you have learned in this class, come up with a solid policy that you think should be implemented into the Criminal Justice system. Base this recommendation off of everything you have learned (e.g., crime, why people commit crimes, victimization, police, courts, corrections ,CJ policy, etc..). Your policy should be directed at either controlling crime or changing police, courts or corrections. Be sure to use several resources to back up your justification for the policy. Also be sure to give your policy a name!