Provide a 11 pages analysis while answering the following question: The Institutional Gaze and Disciplining on Smoke-Free Website. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Some of the “institutions” are formally constituted, with laws and procedures which explicitly govern their remit and conduct, such hospitals or prisons, while others have more implicit rules, which we perceive as conventions or habits, such as theatre going or sports fandom. Most of the time people unconsciously abide by the rules set in these institutions, or willingly submit to the rules that they can clearly see, and this compliance is regarded by the majority as “normal” behaviour, while those who do not display compliance are labelled in some way “sick”, “abnormal”, “deviant” or even “criminal”. Throughout the twentieth century scholars in different disciplines began to unpick this dynamic and look for ways to explore what is going on here, why it is happening, and how these patterns are created and maintained.

It was recognised by linguists that many of these issues are expressed in the way that people and organisations communicate with each other. A method called “discourse analysis” was developed in the field of linguistics which allows close examination of individual pieces of communication between people, whether in daily speech, in writing or in television programmes, instruction leaflets or any other context. This method provides “rather powerful, while subtle and precise, insights” and allows us to “witness the realization of the macro-sociological patterns that characterize our society” (Van Dijk, 185, 7).

In this paper, we shall use a discourse analysis approach to investigate a portion of communications from the field of healthcare: the “Smoke-Free” website from the UK National Health Service. In particular, we shall look at how participants are recruited into this programme, how the programme sets behaviour codes, monitors the individuals, and keeps records on them. Close analysis of the actual communications will only take us so far, however, and as Van Dijk realised, there are also “macrosocial” factors to consider. One of the most influential scholars in this, as in other fields, has been Michael&nbsp.Foucault.&nbsp.

Write a 5 pages paper on genetically modified foods in america. In the research conducted by Nottingham, genetically modified foods have taken over in the sector of food production (186). These forms of modifications have been introduced in the crop genes, dairy foodstuffs and animals. This can be established from the nature of food fed to animals. In the long run, human beings end up consuming foods in an indirect manner. It is this verity that led to the topic is a contentious one in the United States as some analysts argue that the foods are beneficial while others clearly outline the negatives of the foods (Ackerman 1)

The government, on the other hand, has focused on the regulation of these crops. As seen in the work of Ackerman, the government controls these crops through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that controls the bio-pesticides so as to ensure that the toxins applied in the crops are harmless to the environment (1). The agency also conducts food safety to ensure that the foreign proteins are not allergenic to the human body (Ackerman 1). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) legalizes the safety of the crops consumed by humans. The agency also approves the additives on foods and their safety on the human body (Ackerman 1). U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) authenticates the genetically modified plants (Nottingham 123). The Department aims at reducing the impacts of the crops on the human body through scrutiny on a higher level (Nottingham123).

In the USA, the GMO crops range from corn, soya beans, wheat to rice. Such crops as seen in the argument of Nottingham have been said to contain vitamins that aid in the fight against heart infections and prevent the common nutritional dearths (27). Moreover, the GMO foods have also been used in foods such as corn syrups. sugar beets, baked foods and cornmeal (Nottingham27).