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The three types of variables to consider include inputs, or variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture. These are the variables that set the stage for what occurs in an organization.
The second type of variable is processes, or the actions that individuals, groups, and leaders engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes. Think of communication, leadership, conflict and negotiation, and power and politics.
Outcomes are the key variables that you want to explain or predict. We’ll be looking at attitudes and stress, task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and withdrawal behavior. We’ll also explore group cohesion, group functioning, productivity, and survival.
Long Description:
The details are as follows:
Inputs:
Individual Level: Diversity, personality, and values.
Group Level: Group structure, group roles, and team responsibilities.
Organizational Level: Structure and culture.
Processes:
Individual Level: Emotions and moods, motivation, perception, and decision making.
Group Level: Communication, leadership, power and politics, and conflict and negotiation.
Organizational Level: Human resource management and change practices.
Outcomes:
Individual Level: Attitudes and stress, task performance, citizenship behavior, and withdrawal behavior.
Group Level: Group cohesion and group functioning.
Organizational Level: Productivity and survival.
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Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
In organizational behavior (OB), we utilize the representation of the world as broken down into three levels. The first level of analysis we will look at is the individual level. At this level we look at individuals’ behavior. Next, recognizing that individuals make up groups, we analyze how group behavior occurs. Finally, organizations are made up of groups of individuals, so we analyze the organization at a systems level.
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Employability Skills Learning Objective 1.7
Critical thinking
Communication
Collaboration
Knowledge application and analysis
Social responsibility
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OB is important for all students. These career employability skills can be expanded in an OB course to prepare students for future careers.
Critical thinking involves purposeful and goal-directed thinking to define and solve problems and to make decisions or form judgments.
Communication is the effective use of oral, written, and nonverbal communication skills for multiple purposes; effective listening; the use of technology, and the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of communication efforts.
Collaboration involves individuals actively working together on a task to achieve a final product reflective of joint, interdependent actions.
Knowledge application and analysis is the ability to learn a concept and then apply it in another setting.
Social responsibility includes skills related to both business ethics and corporate social responsibility.
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Implications for Managers
Don’t rely on generalizations
Use metrics and situational variables rather than “hunches” to explain cause-and-effect relationships
Increase leadership potential by improving interpersonal skills
Improve technical and conceptual skills by staying current with trends like big data
Recognize the role of organizational behavior on employee work quality and productivity
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The OB Model is critical to your understanding of how organizations behave. In the remainder of this book, we will be utilizing that model to look at behavior on an individual, group, and organizational level.
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Discussion Questions
What are some of the concerns you have with the use of artificial intelligence in organizations?
A recent study found that those people who woke up in a positive mood and then regularly accessed Facebook throughout the day generally experienced declining moods as the day progressed. Facebook time has also been found to be correlated with lower satisfaction levels. How can managers address this?
Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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