Overview  To be an effective leader, one must be able to lead change efforts in

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Overview 
To be an effective leader, one must be able to lead change efforts in a way that is collaborative and demonstrates the culture of the organization. At some point, all leaders will be tasked with either leading an organizational change effort or being part of upper-level team planning and implementation of an organizational change effort. 
Your final project in this course is the development of a change plan based on a case study. Your plan will utilize Kotter’s change implementation plan components for an organization. Kotter’s plan will take you through steps that demonstrate what should be looked at during each step of a change effort. Changes take time to implement, and it is vital that all aspects of an organization are considered when making these changes. 
This project addresses the following course outcomes: 
 Determine the root causes and driving forces for effectively implementing an organizational change effort 
 Diagnose gap differences between current situations and targeted goals of change efforts for determining the needs of a change effort 
 Analyze the impact of a change effort for its implications on the roles of employees 
 Predict areas and causes of resistance within an organization to develop a well-informed, effective change plan 
 Determine the communication needs in a change effort involving employees for successfully implementing a change effort 
 Enhance the influence of organizational culture on organizational change efforts 
Prompt In this project, you will develop a change plan based on a case study with stated objectives to accomplish an intended goal or goals. Once the objectives are established, you will build backward from those goal(s) in order to develop a timeline for completion in a phase-by-phase sequence. This change plan will analyze what is needed for the implementation of a change to be successful and things to look out for along the way. 
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: 
I. Analysis and Diagnosis
A. What is the problem in need of addressing at this point in time? Describe which forces are driving the change effort. 
B. How did this problem arise? Determine how this problem is currently impacting the organization. 
C. Identify the specific organizational needs driving the change. Explain each. 
D. Identify specific variables, conditions, issues, individuals, and other factors that will impact the change effort negatively. Describe how these should be handled prior to planning the change effort.
E. What are the underlying causes of the problem? How should these be addressed? 
F. Identify the gap between what the problem’s current situation is and what the hoped-for targeted outcome will be. Establish what needs to occur to build a process to bridge this gap.
II. Developing a Change Plan Using Kotter’s Model for Implementing Organizational Change
A. Create Urgency 
1. Describe a plan to create urgency within the organization and convince stakeholders that this change needs to take place. 
2. What processes currently exist for implementing change? How will these processes need to be updated for the proposed change? 
3. Describe the strategy you will use to get support from your employees. How will this strategy be effective?
B. Build a Guiding Coalition 
1. Identify who should be involved in this guiding coalition. Provide rationale for each choice. Kotter likes 50% leaders and 50% managers with experience, while others prefer the composition to be 33% leaders, 33% managers, and 33% informal leaders, but you can assemble the guiding coalition as you see fit. 
2. Determine steps you can take to ensure commitment from those involved. Describe those steps. 
C. Form a Strategic Vision 
1. Determine the values that are essential to this change. Why are these values essential? 
2. Establish the vision for this organizational change effort. How will this vision be effective in promoting your change effort? 
3. Identify your intended targeted outcomes. Defend your choices. 4. What must occur for the organizational change effort to be considered a success? Defend your response. 
D. Communicate the Change 
1. What is required for the change to be communicated effectively within the organization? Why?
2. Determine actions you will take to encourage two-way communication for effective feedback loops during implementation of the change effort. Explain why these actions will be effective. 
3. How will you support the direct supervisors in the organization in their efforts to communicate with employees about the change effort? 
4. Describe how you will address any concerns or anxieties regarding this change. 
5. Who needs to be involved and in what capacity for this change effort to be a success? 
E. Enable Action by Removing Barriers
1. Identify the forces, barriers, and hindrances to the organizational change effort, and describe each. 
2. How can resistance be recognized? How will you eliminate resistance or mitigate its impact on the implementation of the change plan? 
3. Describe actions that will enable and empower employees to help drive the change effort. 
F. Generate Short-Term Wins 
1. Determine how you will generate short-term wins. How will you reward these wins? 
2. What can be gained from short-term wins? Defend your response. 
G. Sustain Acceleration 
1. How will you ensure that the momentum driving the change effort continues?
H. Institute Change 
1. What actions need to occur for this change to become part of the organizational culture? Defend each action. 
2. What infrastructure mechanisms need to be in place to maintain and sustain the change into the future? Describe the importance of each. 

Discuss international study presentation.

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Need an research paper on international study presentation. Needs to be 1 page. Please no plagiarism.

Anthropology of the Kikuyu in Africa Being a distinctively large community in Kenya, the community is one of the earliest known inhabitants of the country next to their counterparts the Maasai. Their traditional setting was quite contemporary as they were quite advanced in their systems of governance. In the articles I reviewed they address the interaction of world-known anthropologist and archeologist Louis Leakey. Having been born and brought up within the kikuyu traditional setting his knowledge of the anthropology of the community is impeccable.

This was during the colonization period in which the country had being colonized by the British. Similarities between the two articles:Both articles are on Leakey interacted with the kikuyu people learning their custom, beliefs and ways of life.In both articles, the kikuyu are viewed as a community with a highly developed structure in term of their social setting whereby the interaction between the community members is very close.Differences between the articlesIn the first article is mainly about that Louis Leakey wrote but remained unpublished till after his death while the second one is about his upbringing in the local setting which later molded his archeological career.

In the first article, the kikuyu herbalists are noted to have developed a vaccine against small pox which was long before the evolution of medicine and the settling of the Europeans in their country. In the second article however, this information is not written.In the book that Leakey wrote, it is evident that he had in depth knowledge of the Kikuyu ways of life as he even writes about their customary ways of treating the dead while in the second article, his articulation with the community is shown by the fact that he underwent the customary initiation process.

ReferencesArticle 1. http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/-/434746/472874/-/item/0/-/ks409f/-/index.html Article 2. http://www.leakey.

Discussion Prompt Find an example of a fallacy used in popular advertising or an

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Discussion Prompt Find an example of a fallacy used in popular advertising or any persuasive text. Upload the image/words or provide a link. Identify the fallacy and why you think that this particular type of advertisement represents the fallacy that you have chosen. In addition to your initial post, respond to at least two of your peers’ posts. These responses should address questions, problems, or issues presented in their ad analysis. Please remember to be respectful and appropriate with your analysis of their work. Don’t just agree or disagree; continue the conversation! ============================== Kickoff Message Welcome to the Week 5 Discussion! This week we continue to apply the concepts we’ve learned from the course more deeply to analyze the claims and arguments made around us, and, just as importantly, practice identification and analysis of these concepts for your upcoming draft. And there are few arguments more ubiquitous than advertising, which is constantly making claims about why we should buy a particular product or service, and why everybody’s going to laugh at us or avoid us and why nobody’s going to love us if we don’t (or, conversely, why everyone’s going to think we’re super cool if we do). A classic tone-deaf argument made in an infamous Pepsi ad from 2017 offers a particularly prominent example: In the commercial, which features Kendall Jenner and a host of symbols and images that borrow from the Black Lives Matter movement and the wave of protests and counter-protests that have grown increasingly prominent in the U.S. over the last few years, there’s growing unrest between protesters and police at a public demonstration – until Kendall Jenner comes over and offers one of the policemen a can of Pepsi, at which point the tensions break, everyone smiles and celebrates, America is one again and we can all go home happy and safe in the joy that Jenner and Pepsi have restored the spirit of unity in our nation. Or maybe not. But, aside from clumsily trying to play upon popular cultural and social symbols and themes, what exactly is the argument that the ad’s making? Admittedly it’s hard to tell, or hard to put in precise argument terminology, but I think it’s something like this: Premise: Pepsi brings everyone together Premise: Kendall Jenner was able to dispel tensions at a public protest by giving a police officer a can of Pepsi. Conclusion: Therefore, to save America, you should buy Pepsi. There are several things wrong with this, but let’s focus on two: We’ve got a hasty generalization – we’re asked to move from the single instance of Jenner bringing joy to the demonstration being used to support the broad claim that Pepsi brings joy. Thus, we’re being asked to generalize from a single case (keep in mind that reasoning refers to the movement from premise to conclusion to build an argument, and critical reasoning refers to the analysis and critique of that movement – that is, is the movement well supported, or is it based on flaw in reasoning or some enormous assumption that needs a lot more evidence before we can take that leap too?). We’ve also got an appeal to popularity – this is going to be a common fallacy used in advertising, where we’re being asked to listen to an argument simply because Kendall Jenner is popular (and I support that conclusion with the premise that she has 139 million followers on Instagram, and I’m assuming at least some of those 139 million are not bots), and therefore she’s able to bring joy through Pepsi because she’s very popular and thus her popularity should justify our belief. Now, if Jenner had won the Nobel Peace Prize, or had brokered peace in the Middle East, or were a prominent and influential thinker on matters of global peace, I would be inclined to listen to her argument on this matter. But, from what I understand of her, her expertise seems to lie more in the areas of modeling, marketing, and branding, so I’ll look to her if I need input on those items, but on matters of how to address and resolve social unrest, I’m not sure she’s the most credible source. There’s so much else to unpack in this overlong commercial, but that’s enough of Pepsi and Ms. Jenner for now – now I’m interested in what examples you’re seeing where these concepts help us identify problems in the arguments that are thrown at us constantly on TV and the web! 300-400 Word Count

Discussion post-1945 film-making. Through his use of historical footage, recordings, and photographs, Stone is able to capture a sense of the historic in JFK that is rarely seen in films that aren’t strictly within the documentary classification.

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Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on post-1945 film-making. Through his use of historical footage, recordings, and photographs, Stone is able to capture a sense of the historic in JFK that is rarely seen in films that aren’t strictly within the documentary classification. Despite his insistence that he is not trying to portray a historically factual documentary regarding the assassination, Stone utilizes several real-life players in depicting his version of events. Key among these is President Kennedy himself. By refusing to recast the president, Stone not only proves his talent as a director working with limited available footage, he provides a sense of reality into the story. When he uses the Zapruder film, Stone is able to inject a somber mood of reflection as audiences realize this is the actual event and not a staged recreation. The man in the picture really ends up dead when the camera stops rolling. Another significant cameo appearance is that of Jim Garrison himself as the Honorable Chief Justice Earl Warren. By placing him in this role, Stone adds an ironic twist to the story, yet also suggests that anyone placed in the real-life role may have been obligated to come to the same conclusions the Warren Commission delivered. The film’s technical consultant Robert Groden appeared several times in the film, first as a doctor trying to resuscitate the president at Parkland Hospital and later as the court’s projectionist. Through these roles, Stone, who believes in the subtlety of film as shown in his use of subliminal messages, perhaps is suggesting that he has his own eyes and ears in the most significant aspects of the story. Real life assassination witness Jean Hill also appeared in the film as the stenographer taking down Hill’s real-life statement. Again, the underlying message is that of authenticity – Hill wouldn’t change her own statements or misrepresent what she said herself. Although both directors use shifting camera angles, shifting shadows or quickly shifting images to help define their topic and to encourage audience members to see things in the same ‘light’, Altman and Stone are able to do so in unique ways that develop completely different ideas about their subject.&nbsp. By watching the scenes without sound, one can begin to develop an appreciation for the ways in which the camera alone takes on the duties of an actor by portraying the shifting nature of man or the way in which memory tends to capture only isolated images rather than a smoothly running motion clip.&nbsp.