paper on maritime economics of australia. 88)The current data suggests that Australian ship owners are also foremost in the meadow on new buildings and issuing increased quality

The current data suggests that Australian ship owners are also foremost in the meadow on new buildings and issuing increased quality and additional services to sea trade. Several of these recently commissioned ships were located under the State flag. During January and February of 2007, 300 new-fangled buildings casing all types of vessels, were added to the Australia’s owned navy as 59 modern vessels were added to the 910 ships previously beneath the Australian flag. (Wang J, 2007, p. 91)

The Australian owned convoy according to current figures accounts for additional 2,600 ships and its transporting competence being at 218,000,000 DWT, casing 16.5% of the world transportation needs. These figures correspond to about 40 billion US $. (Pallis A, 2007, 84)

Australian vessel owners uphold 8.5% of the universal fleet and 16.5% of the planet tonnage. They own 24.1% of the tanker navy, 20.4% of the dry shipment convoy and 9.6% of the complex tanker vessels. (Evans J, 1990, p. 85)

The administration of Hellenic owned shipping is performed within the organizational framework of overseas countries such as the Great Britain, City of London thus contributing to the expansion of important commerce centers. Thus Australian shipping acquaintances its foremost development and role worldwide to the intercontinental stock market, the charters’ worldwide market and other pertinent economic activities. (Stopford M, 1997, p. 93)

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES

Hellenic shipping comprises of ships that are mostly specialized in massive transportation of parched and liquid freight as well as in shipping of traditional general cargoes. These ships account for 95% of Hellenic owned navy while the residual 5% includes cruisers, coastal ships and commercial. (McConville J, 1999, p. 68)

Since it is a universal leading power in nautical transportation, Australian owned shipping operates on a globe scale casing the transportation requirements of countries well beyond the Greek state. This flotilla serves the trade requirements of many countries all through the world. Moreover, shipbuilding, repairs, ship scrapping, marine cover and rental take place abroad. (Evans J, 1990, p. 90)

Hellenic mercantile shipping has gained all through the years by providing excellent services particularly in the fields of security of steering and at sea, the defense of the maritime environment and in the current form of safety and tradition. (McConville J, 1995, p. 72)

Australia having natural gas reserves and the availability of iron ore offer a natural setting for DR foliage which eventually eliminates the need for reliance on imported fragment to the whole Asia Pacific region. (Stopford M, 1997, p. 94)

Australian living principles, circumstances of service and wages, and duty rates are considerably higher than those applying to squad employed on most overseas shipping. Australian delivery can never anticipate to compete against these ships. This is because no Australian would recognize wages and circumstances that counterpart those of the lowest levels of emerging nations. (Wang. J, 2007, p.

Impact of Geotechnical Engineering on Tunnel Construction.

You will prepare and submit a term paper on Impact of Geotechnical Engineering on Tunnel Construction. Your paper should be a minimum of 2000 words in length.

Primarily, the use of soil, earth service and underground has been in place for quite a long time. For instance, in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the soil was used as material for controlling floods, building various foundations, burial sites and lastly as material for constructing buildings. Up to the 18th century, soil design was art that relied on one’s past experience to come up with a structure on it without any scientific orientation in the field (Santamarina & Cho 2011). However, there were developments in the sector over time rising form catastrophes and advanced need to develop stable structures.

Ultimately, soil design a scientific discipline did arise. Soil design as a scientific discipline remained rudimentary up to the 20th century in the year 1925 when Geotechnical engineering was born. According to Sousa & Einstein, (2012) Karl who was a mechanical engineer and geologist, explained the fact that shear strengths of the soil can be controlled by utilising effective scientific models on the soil structures. . He was able to describe the behaviour of soil using a number of theories, a factor that is so fundamental in the industry.

It became clear that the soil could be controlled by the use of scientific methods to support quite a number of structure in different places by control of the soil behaviour of those areas.Concisely, the main function of Geotechnical engineer in contemporary construction is fundamental in avoidance of disasters that might arise from earthworks or construction related to surface behaviour. Some of the major activities carried out in the process include the study of soil and rock properties underlying structures and those adjacent to it.

This study is important because they are likely to affect the structure in case there is the shear of the soil. Geotechnical engineering is very important too when repairing a distressed construction or earthwork that is due to the conditions of the surface around the structures.

Comparison of The British Womens Suffrage Campaign by Harold Smith and The Grounding of Modern Feminism by Nancy Cott.

Write 13 pages with APA style on Comparison of The British Womens Suffrage Campaign by Harold Smith and The Grounding of Modern Feminism by Nancy Cott. As the title highlights, Smith focused on the suffrage campaign in Britain, which occurred in the years 1866 to 1928. In addition, Nancy Cott authored a book titled, The Grounding of Modern Feminism, in her effort to present a historical overview of modern feminism.&nbsp.

Smith’s book is an intriguing analysis of the events that surrounded the women’s suffrage campaigns. In the 19th century, women in Britain were not allowed to vote. The suffrage campaign was established to demand the voting rights of women. During that time, it had been assumed that men in the franchise covered women. The main reason for this was that the law did not allow women to own property. Therefore, women sought to have voting rights as well as property ownership rights. Smith highlights that women needed to have property ownership rights before they could be granted a right to vote. According to his book, the suffrage campaign cannot be viewed independently from other issues affecting women. This is because women sought their right to vote so that they could exercise their political power in an effort to establish new gender structures. Therefore, Smith opined that it was difficult to understand the suffrage campaign without the consideration of contemporary gender identities and roles. Having a prior understanding of the gender structure that existed before the suffrage campaign helps to lay a foundation for analyzing its purpose1. Smith was keen to highlight some of the findings highlighted by previous authors concerning the social and gender structures that existed in Britain before the campaign. These historians had identified that the Victorian societal structure had encouraged women to view themselves in a sense that was not reflective of their class and party. In addition, Smith argues that different women who participated in the suffrage campaign viewed issues related to equality differently. However, they all agreed on the fact that they needed the franchise.

Smith explores different factors that influenced the suffrage campaign and highlight how they served to shape the women’s movement.