Prompt: you’ll get all the guidelines required for the paper and what is it abou

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Prompt: you’ll get all the guidelines required for the paper and what is it about.
Introduction paragraph: follow the guidelines for this specific paragraph attached in the files.
Body paragraph: follow the guidelines for this specific paragraph attached also in the files.
Counterargument paragraph: Follow the guidelines for this specific paragraph attached to the files.
Developing an argument: Just the guidelines for what the teacher is looking for.
Conclusion paragraph: Guidelines how to write this specific paragraph.
I also added the comments abou the paper 3.
Please follow all the guidelines precisly and not miss anything important. Look at the information given to you and let me know if this is something you are capable of.
5 sources, double spaced, times new roman, citation information. All be found in the prompt and everything else is in their specific file

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Which are the concepts of? a. Atrophy b. Physiologic atrophy c. Hypertrophy d. Hyperplasia e. Pathologic hyperplasia f. Dysplasia g. Metaplasia 2

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Parts  1 and 2 have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.

APA format

1) Minimum 4 pages  (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum of three paragraphs per page

You must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per page.

         

           Part 1: minimum  2 pages

           Part 2: minimum  2 pages 

 

  Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

         All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph

         Bulleted responses are not accepted

         Don’t write in the first person 

         Don’t copy and paste the questions.

         Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years  (Journals, books) (No websites)

All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed.

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.doc

__________________________________________________________________________________

Part 1: Pathophysiology

1. Which are the concepts of?

           a. Atrophy

           b. Physiologic atrophy

           c. Hypertrophy

           d. Hyperplasia

            e. Pathologic hyperplasia

            f.  Dysplasia

             g. Metaplasia

2. What are the main four mechanisms of Cell Injury?

3. Describe the Two differences between Cell injury:

a. Reversible vs irreversible

4. Describe the concepts of Cell Death:

a. Necrosis

b. Apoptosis.

5- Describe the functions of these cell organelles:

a. Nucleus

b. Nucleolus

c. Mitochondria

d. Ribosomes

e. Cytoplasm

f. Cell Membrane

6. Describe  2 causes and  2 symptoms:

a. Hyperkalemia

b.  Hypokalemia

7. Describe  2 causes and  2 symptoms:

a. Hypercalcemia

b.  Hypocalcemia

8. Describe  2 causes and  2 symptoms of:

a. Hypernatremia

b.  Hyponatremia.

9- What is acidosis and what is alkalosis?

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

10- Mr. Epperson was lifting a heavy piece of furniture when he experienced crushing pain in his chest, began sweating heavily, and was nauseated. His wife drove him to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) and given intravenous drugs to dissolve a clot that was obstructing a major coronary artery. After his hospitalization, Mr. Epperson’s doctor told him that some of his heart muscle had died. 

Match the questions with the correct answers regarding the cell injury in Mr. Epperson’s heart.

a. Mr. Epperson’s myocytes were initially injured by _______ (______)

b. Ischemia injures cells faster than _______ alone. (______)

c. Reversible myocyte swelling was caused by lack of _______ to fuel ion pumps. (______)

d. Irreversible myocyte injury occurred when mitochondrial and plasma _______ were disrupted. (______)

e. Dissolving the blood clot rescued some myocytes by providing _______ for generating ATP. (______)

f. Dissolving the blood clot damaged some myocytes by _______ injury. (______)

i. hypoxia

ii. sodium

iii. oxygen

iv. ATP

v. ischemia

vi. necrosis

vii. reperfusion

vii. membranes

ix. apoptosis

Part 2: Pathophysiology

1. Which are the concepts of?

           a. Atrophy

           b. Physiologic atrophy

           c. Hypertrophy

           d. Hyperplasia

            e. Pathologic hyperplasia

            f.  Dysplasia

             g. Metaplasia

2. What are the main four mechanisms of Cell Injury?

3. Describe the Two differences between Cell injury:

a. Reversible vs irreversible

4. Describe the concepts of Cell Death:

a. Necrosis

b. Apoptosis.

5- Describe the functions of these cell organelles:

a. Nucleus

b. Nucleolus

c. Mitochondria

d. Ribosomes

e. Cytoplasm

f. Cell Membrane

6. Describe  2 causes and  2 symptoms:

a. Hyperkalemia

b.  Hypokalemia

7. Describe  2 causes and  2 symptoms:

a. Hypercalcemia

b.  Hypocalcemia

8. Describe  2 causes and  2 symptoms of:

a. Hypernatremia

b.  Hyponatremia.

9- What is acidosis and what is alkalosis?

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

10- Mr. Epperson was lifting a heavy piece of furniture when he experienced crushing pain in his chest, began sweating heavily, and was nauseated. His wife drove him to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) and given intravenous drugs to dissolve a clot that was obstructing a major coronary artery. After his hospitalization, Mr. Epperson’s doctor told him that some of his heart muscle had died. 

Match the questions with the correct answers regarding the cell injury in Mr. Epperson’s heart.

a. Mr. Epperson’s myocytes were initially injured by _______ (______)

b. Ischemia injures cells faster than _______ alone. (______)

c. Reversible myocyte swelling was caused by lack of _______ to fuel ion pumps. (______)

d. Irreversible myocyte injury occurred when mitochondrial and plasma _______ were disrupted. (______)

e. Dissolving the blood clot rescued some myocytes by providing _______ for generating ATP. (______)

f. Dissolving the blood clot damaged some myocytes by _______ injury. (______)

i. hypoxia

ii. sodium

iii. oxygen

iv. ATP

v. ischemia

vi. necrosis

vii. reperfusion

vii. membranes

ix. apoptosis

Discussion on engineering and construction.

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Compose a 3250 words assignment on engineering and construction. Needs to be plagiarism free! An alternative to this differential method is Precise Point Positioning (PPP). PPP achieves centimeter accuracies using only a single receiver by using precise orbital and clock data instead of the standard broadcast navigation message in post-processing. A popular way of carrying out post-processing is by using online PPP post-processing services. In recent years, several post processing services have been developed by government agencies, universities, and survey companies.

To date, no such study using PPP measurements has been undertaken in Ireland. As GNSS orbit and clock products are by their nature global, PPP is rapidly becoming a technique that has the potential to replace existing range-limited GNSS relative positioning methods (Marreiros, 2012).&nbsp.

PPP is a relatively new positioning technique developed in the 1990s, it has an advantage over traditional differential methods in that it removes the need for the user to establish their own local reference station or to have access to reference stations operated by others (Rizos et al., 2012). PPP is a very good alternative positioning technique that can be used all over the world as the GNSS orbit and clock products used in the PPP solution are by their nature global (ESA, 2011). Additionally, PPP can provide more consistency over large areas because its position solutions are referred to as a global reference frame whereas DGNSS position solutions are relative to local base stations (Gao, 2006). PPP offers a valuable solution where a control network or Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) is simply unavailable (Van Sickle, 2009). As there is only one receiver being used and no corrections being sent by a base station, pseudo-range observations and phase information are combined to fix the integer ambiguities on undifferenced phase measurements. This is what distinguishes PPP from DGNSS.

Currently many autonomous and relative GNSS measurement and positioning techniques can be used to achieve varying levels of accuracies. Table 1 outlines the main techniques and the achievable accuracies currently in use.

Discuss construction of scientific knowledge.

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Compose a 1250 words assignment on construction of scientific knowledge. Needs to be plagiarism free! The social groups in which one is involved share typical features in terms of their thought structures which are structured in their traditions and cultures as a result of social interactions. His view of science is based on the historical perspectives of though styles and the relevant changes that have taken place over time to result to new and distinct scientific facts through social actions. In his view, science should object to construct definite and certain facts which are objective leading to the emergent of the epistemology of scientific application. His view seeks to evaluate the different methods which are used in the establishment of scientific facts.

Fleck criticizes normative epistemology as a method of producing scientific facts on the basis that it is rather “obsolete” (Fleck, 51). According to him, there are three stages for the construction of scientific facts. the first stage involves the signal of resistance in confused thinking on a person at initial stages of thinking, followed by a more definite thought construct and lastly, the thought produced is expressly apparent (Fleck, 95). The scientific facts contain both active and passive aspects which are aligned with controls forced by the thought- styles and possible impacts they may have. The facts increase with time while the wide range of differences in ideas decrease as the new ideas become constrained with time. He uses a model exhibiting the thought process in which thoughts are depicted using intersecting strands. The facts in the model function as nodes which merge and then diverge into many strands of different types of research. With the decrease in arguments and criticism over time, the model leads to the production of new scientific facts. As such, the model is more efficient and leads to escalated knowledge development.

Due to the emergence and widespread of the historical process in the line of inquiry which extricates un-evidenced opinion from scientific facts, there is always a justification which determines the factualness of the inquiry.&nbsp. &nbsp.