The origins of Alhambra can be traced to the ninth century, although many of its buildings were completed from the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries.

Write 7 pages thesis on the topic spanish fortress and palace alhambra. The origins of Alhambra can be traced to the ninth century, although many of its buildings were completed from the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries.2 In addition, there is no record of the original architect/s of Alhambra. The paper analyzes the structure, function, and form, as well as the cultural, physical, and historical contexts of Alhambra. However, because of its numerous buildings and palaces, not all of them were exhaustively examined.

Alhambra follows the typical construction method. Clay-rich earth was used to build it, as well as wood, ceramic, and plaster. Large defensive buildings like the Alhambra were made through rammed-earth material, wherein extreme methods, fine parts of clay and silt were removed and a mixture of lime and sand materials, plus thick aggregate, was made to create lime concrete, also called tapial construction, a Nasrid construction method.4 Workers pressed lime concrete down to produce a significantly hard and resistant structure.5 Architects Camilla Mileto and Fernando Vegas studied architectural change at the Alhambra by conducting a stratigraphic analysis of the Western Gallery, Court of the Myrtles.6 They observed that the fabric of the walls was plastered and finished with gypsum mortar.7 The finishing is seen as belonging to the first building period because it followed the tapial surface.8 Thus, the form of Alhambra is built through rammed-earth construction that is characteristic of the Nasrid period.

After discussing the structure, the functions of the building are described next. As a whole, Alhambra was established by the Nasrids, an Arab dynasty, as a residence for the rulers and a fortress.9 It was not yet the palace complex as we see today, but more of a citadel to defend the city.&nbsp.

PSY 4500-Week 1 – Assignment: Prepare a Lecture on the Historical Study of Psychology

For this task, imagine that you have been asked to give a guest lecture to first year undergraduate students on the topic of the historical study of psychology. Draw on what Simonton (2002) referred to as issues that plagued the understanding of history. As you recall from the assigned article, he identified these critical issues as; genius versus zeitgeist as casual agents, internal versus external influences, persistent versus historicist narratives, idiographic versus nomothetic interpretations, quality versus quantity in phenomena, and deterministic versus stochastic descriptions.For your lecture, explain your understanding of the historical study of science, and of psychology in general. Be sure to address the following points:• Why study the history of psychology at all?• Name the six issues identified by Simonton that are important to the understanding of history. Explain each one clearly and succinctly, using one sentence, or even a few words that make these concepts understandable• Choose two of these three issues: genius versus zeitgeist as causal agents, quality versus quantity in phenomena, and idiographic versus nomothetic interpretations, Explain the two issues you chose in more depth. For each of these issues explain the meaning of the terms, the impact on the study of psychology each has. Include examples of individuals, concepts, or ideas, to enhance your presentation.Length: 3-5 pagesYour lecture should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect graduate-level writing and APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University’s Academic Integrity Policy.Upload your document and click the Submit to Dropbox button.

decision-making in chiquita bananas.

Write a 5 pages paper on decision-making in chiquita bananas. The conflict mainly occurs when dubious decisions are made within an organization and these decisions result in a major dispute that even demands a legal resolution. The ethical requirements within a particular industry should therefore be properly defined to give business owners an opportunity to properly follow them and avoid any legal process that may result( Fraedrich et al. 2012).

An ethical decision-making process is therefore a well-established procedure within a particular organization that aids in the determination of the best path of action among various alternatives in a way that upholds the ethical requirements of the industry.

Chiquita is an agribusiness organization involved in banana trade in Colombia though it is based within the United States. During its operations over the years, multiple ethical dilemmas have resulted in the organization having trouble with the law. These issues include the use of child laborers in banana production activities and the possible payment of multiples sums of money to criminal organizations for protection. The issue of engaging criminal organizations was a serious violation of the industry’s ethical codes and laws. This resulted in the organization facing serious fines from the government. A proper approach to decision making would thus be very important (Fraedrich et al. 2012).

The first and the most important step to take when one intends to make a decision is to identify the problem. Once the management is able to determine what has caused a problem it eases the decision-making process. This involves gathering many facts about the situation. Gathering facts should be done in a very specific and objective manner. Taking done notes on important points is very necessary (Fraedrich et al. 2012).

A manager should also determine if the problem is affecting all the stakeholders to the business. Once the problem has been identified and properly defined.

An Adverse Effect on the Relations Between the EU and Iran.

Complete 2 pages APA formatted article: An Adverse Effect on the Relations Between the EU and Iran. of the of the of the The Events Taking Place in Iran The recent political crisis in Iran, had repercussions all over the Islamic Republic. Moreover, in July 2009, Iran arrested a few EU citizens, which has had an adverse effect on the relations between the EU and Iran. Furthermore, Iran’s nuclear program has attracted the attention of the international community. The US President Barak Obama, indirectly instructed Iran to become a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

In addition, he directed Iran to fulfil the obligations imposed by the IAEA and the international community. At present, Iran is keen to avoid further sanctions against it. The latest sanctions against Iran were imposed two years ago. The US and the EU are not very much interested in imposing any further bans against Iran. because of the fact that in the light of the previous sanctions, the next sanctions would entail restrictions on buying oil from Iran (Sarukhanyan).

The process of institutional secularization is taking place in Iran. These moves came to the fore, in the various reforms to institutions, which took place after the death of Khomeini, in 1989. These reforms have served to strengthen the state, in relation to the religious establishment. This has also been noticed in the Iranian economic and foreign policy. These measures have not been effected at the domestic level, and a rigid Islamic system is strictly enforced, within the country. The political mechanism in Iran, does not accommodate those who oppose the current system. and entities that oppose the system are precluded from participating in the political process (Haugom). This evidences the fact that Iran is a theocratic state.

Nuclear empowerment permits Iran to protect itself from external threats. In the absence of nuclear weapons technology, Iran cannot control the malicious efforts of a neighboring country or nuclear power from supporting rebellion. It is perceived by the Iranians that nuclear deterrence will ensure territorial integrity, and establish peace and confidence among its citizens (Habibi).This contention is false and indicates mala fide intent.

It has been vehemently claimed by the Iranian officials that their pursuit of nuclear technology, is only for peaceful purposes, like power generation. However, experts on nuclear proliferation are of the opinion that Iran’s fundamental Muslim rulers, could be clandestinely, manufacturing nuclear weapons (Pan).

This topic is of great interest to me. because Iran’s actions, in respect of the proliferation of nuclear technology, pose a grave threat to the international community. In these days of Islamic terrorism, it is extremely dangerous for any Islamic fundamentalist nation to possess nuclear technology.

Since, Iran is ruled by Islamic fundamentalists, secrecy regarding nuclear technology, can be construed to be measures to further terrorist activities. Iran has claimed that it employs nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. This is unbelievable. Moreover, the world is reeling under terrorist attacks, and my country could also be affected. This is the reason for my apprehension, regarding the nuclear programs of Iran.

Works Cited

Habibi, Nader. Impact of Nuclear Empowerment on Domestic Political Developments in Iran . 22 March 2006. 20 November 2009 .

Haugom, Lars. Towards secularisation? August 1998. 20 November 2009 .

Pan, Esther. IRAN: The Nuclear Threat . 6 September 2005. 20 November 2009 .

Sarukhanyan, Sevak. DEVELOPMENTS ROUND THE NUCLEAR PROGRAMME OF IRAN. 12 October 2009. 20 November 2009 .