the use of polymers in liquid pharmaceutical formulations.

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Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on the use of polymers in liquid pharmaceutical formulations. . Polymers are extensively used to deliver better drug products. They are employed in film coatings to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug, to improve the stability of hydrophilic drugs, to facilitate handling, and to alter the drug release properties (Jones 2004). Polymers are increasingly dominating the scene as the drug carrier for controlled-release systems. During the process, the drug is released. the polymers get degraded and are sometimes absorbed within the body.

The drugs can be administered to the patient in many forms like liquid, solid, or semisolid. The oral route of administration consists of liquid solutions, emulsions, or suspensions, or in solid forms such as capsules or tablets. It is desirable to provide liquid pharmaceutical formulation to infants, children, older persons, and many other persons who are unable to swallow whole tablets and capsules (Yu & Roche 2001).

When a medicament is given orally, the palatability of the active ingredient is an extremely important factor in ensuring patient compliance. The contact of the active ingredient with the mouth can not be prevented in liquid dosage forms. Sometimes, undesirable taste can be masked by adding flavoring ingredients and sweeteners. However, drugs like antibiotics possess a very strong, bitter, unpleasant taste. To improve the taste and palatability of liquid pharmaceuticals, various taste-masked coating compositions have been employed in the formulation of liquid suspension dosage forms. These formulations should be stable, palatable in the aqueous environment over a prolonged period, relatively insoluble at the non-acidic pHs of the mouth, and exhibit immediate bioavailability after swallowing and ingestion (Danny & Edward 2001). The “reverse enteric coating” provides for rapid release and absorption of the drug in the acidic pH of the stomach, is desirable in the case of liquid dosage forms. The drug particles are spray-coated with the taste masking polymer blend either directly or after granulation, and then the coated particles are admixed with an aqueous liquid vehicle for oral administration. The diffusion and solubility of the coating depend on the ratio of the components of the polymer blend and the physicochemical properties of the active ingredient being coated. Examples of the taste masking liquid pharmaceutical formulations are reported.&nbsp.

week 4

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Hearing damage, in this case tinnitus, is a very real problem for younger individuals who damage their hearing by living in today’s modern world.  In conducting this research of how we hear we also discovered that the answer to the question, why is hearing damage (tinnitus) almost always localized to higher frequency sounds rather than lower frequency sounds?  Using what you have learned, try to answer this question.

Discuss state or critique todays charges against the mncs.

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Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on state or critique todays charges against the mncs. The global liberalization has paved the way for fast expansion and growth of MNC’s. The value added of all foreign affiliates of MNC’s as a percentage of world GDP increased from about 5 percent in the beginning of the 1980’s to nearly 7 percent in 1990’s and to 15 percent in 2000’s. The dominance of MNC’s is very clear when the contribution towards a country is seen. The GDP of most of the nations is smaller than the value of the annual turnover of multinational giants like Ford and General Motors. This allows MNC’s to play a crucial role to shape national and economic policies to their benefits.

This is not acceptable as MNC’s induce competition among the existing firms and it encourages free enterprise through technology transfers. They work to equalize the cost of factors of production around the world. &nbsp.When the MNC’s enter the host country, the local enterprises imitate the new technology brought by the MNC’s to improve their production efficiency. this is the direct technology spillover effect. The market competition pressure force the local firms to adopt more advanced technologies, which push the technological progress.

In some cases, countries rely on MNC’s for most of their projects. In this case, MNC’s will be a great boon to the Public Sector too. In the case of employee’s salaries, the private sector pays more compared to the public sector and the work practices in private sector are more innovative compared to the routine based work in most of the public sectors. In these ways, MNC’s enrich Private sector as entry barriers are minimal here and starve the public sector due to high political pressures.

MNC’s are characterized by high levels of spending and mostly they are inefficient compare to the management of a small firm where each activity is accountable to the core and efficient methods are followed.

D‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍evelop a training manual (3-4 pages) to ensure new hires ha

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D‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍evelop a training manual (3-4 pages) to ensure new hires have a solid understanding of income statements, balance sheets, and the elements that go into them. Introduction This portfolio work project will help you to not only better understand commonly used accounting tools, but it will also give you the opportunity to use your skills and experience by preparing training materials to train someone else. Scenario You work for an organization that is seeking growth and recently has hired new district managers to assist in this growth. In talking to other regional managers, you have heard that some district managers do not have a thorough understanding of commonly used accounting tools including an income statement and balance sheet. You have a new district manager hire, John, and see the need to do some training with him so he has a solid understanding of income statements, balance sheets, and the elements that go into them, including advertising costs, Web development costs, and store opening costs. In preparing to train your new hire, you have determined that the use of examples (a picture is worth a thousand words) can be a great approach to use. So you have decided to gather some examples from the company’s summary of significant accounting policies from its latest financial statements. You may apply this scenario to either Option 1 or Option 2, described in Requirements below. Your Role You are a regional manager for Urban Outfitters or your selected organization and oversee a number of districts. You have recently brought a new district manager on board and want to ensure he has the knowledge and tools needed to effectively do his job. Requirements Option 1: The organization you work for is Urban Outfitters. Use the . Securities and Exchange Commission website to find the Urban Outfitter’s 2016–2017 financial statement’s summary of significant accounting policies. Look at the data for 2015, 2016, and 2017 for the following examples of essential elements you need to cover with John and ensure his understanding. Advertising. Examine the criteria used to expense and capitalize advertising costs and where these costs appear in the financial statement. Store opening costs. Examine how store opening and organization costs were handled and where these costs appear in the financial statement. Website development costs. Examine the approaches taken during the application and infrastructure development stage and the planning and operating stage. Option 2: Use a firm or scenario of your choosing. Before choosing a company, read the assessment thoroughly to ensure: The company fits the assessment requirements. You have access to the financial statement’s summary of significant accounting policies and the Note disclosures from which you are drawing your materials. Include this information in the appendix for reference. You can distribute the data without disclosing confidential company information. Training Materials As you prepare your training materials for John, use the examples you collected from the company’s Notes to financial documents to illustrate how you address the following items: Explain how one or more of the following costs are captured: Advertisi‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍ng. Store opening. If store opening costs were capitalized, over what time period would you amortize them? Explain why you selected this time period. Website development. Analyze the importance of Notes to financial statements in interpreting financial statements. Explain how the accounting method the company uses affects the financial statements. Explain how the financial statements would differ if another method were used to capture the costs. If you have a preference for capitalizing or expensing these costs, explain why it is your preference. Deliverable Format Leadership has asked that you develop either a training deck or a training manual that you will use with John and that can be deployed with other new hires as well. Regardless of the format selected, the information should address the points identified above and with detailed explanations within the notes areas of slides or within the training manual text. It will also be helpful to include information in regard to why each item is important to the organization as well as the success of the new district manager. To use your time and John’s time wisely, be conscientious about providing thorough yet concise information. These materials are expected to be used by others for future training needs, so make sure they are well organized and clear. Training materials requirements: 12–15 slides for a training deck. Include additional details as slide notes. 3–4 pages for a training manual. Related company standards for either format: The training manual is a professional document and should therefore follow the corresponding MBA Academic and Professional Document Guidelines, including single-spaced paragraphs. To learn more about creating presentations, click “MBA Program Resources” and then “Presentation Skills.” In addition to the training deck or manual materials, include: Title (slide or page). References (slide or page). Appendix with supporting materials. If you are using a firm or scenario of your choosing, ensure faculty has sufficient information to understand how you reached your recommendation. At least two APA-formatted references. Evaluation By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies through corresponding scoring guide criteria: Competency 1: Explain how accounting concepts and practices impact financial reporting. Explain how the accounting method the company used affects the financial statements. Compare how two accounting methods differ in their effects on the financial statements. Competency 4: Communicate financial information with multiple stakeholders. Communicate accounting information clearly. Faculty will use the scoring guide to review your deliverable as if they were your immediate supervisor. Review the scoring guide prior to developing and submitting your assessment. ePortfolio This portfolio work project demonstrates your competency in applying knowledge and skills required of an MBA learner in the workplace. Include this in your personal ePortfolio. Note: Faculty may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing. In the tool, click the linked resources for helpful w‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‍riting information.