Reply 8-1 JS

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Reply to:Validity is defined in an experiment on how correct the results are of an experiment. Internal validity measures this from within the experiment; ensuring that the variables intended to be manipulated in the experiment are the only ones that were manipulated (Myers, & Hansen, 2012). External validity measures the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other populations outside the experiment. Ways to increase external validity include aggregation, multivariate designs, non-reactive measurements, field experiments, and natural observation. Aggregation is gathering data and averaging it in many ways (Myers, & Hansen, 2012). There are four types of aggregation: over subjects, over stimuli or situations, over trials or occasions, and over measures. The second way is to use multivariate designs; multivariate designs allow researchers to analyze multiple dependent variables at a time. This allows researchers to look at a combination of variables that will generalize better with populations outside the experiment.

psych 315 8

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In a half page, discuss which aspect of Van der Kolk’s Chapter 13 you most identified with personally, and why.  Also, discuss how it could be helpful for someone in a PTSD crisis.Cite Van der Kolk using APA formatting.

Praxis Assignment: Day of Social Justice

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Students will participate in a day of social justice, and then write about these experiences. The assignment is designed to help you think more about course objectives #1 and 3. Papers should be no less than one full typed, 1.5 spaced page and no more than two pages. This paper is due on Oct 17.

Species Interactions and You

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Species Interactions and YouHumans interact with various species every day without actually realizing it. In the field of ecology, these interactions can either be interspecific (between species) or intraspecific (within species). Interactions between humans are known as intraspecific (within species) interactions. For example, interactions between a human and a pet would be interspecific, whereas interactions between a human and another human would be intraspecific.Research interspecific and intraspecific interactions using the module readings, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet.This assignment has two parts. Complete both parts.Part AComplete the following:Track your interactions with other organisms—between and within species—for one day.Summarize your interactions throughout the day, using the terms from this module’s readings. If required, review the module’s readings again.At a minimum, identify ten interactions that you witnessed or participated in today. Among those interactions, you should be able to identify a predatory-prey relationship, a competitive relationship, and a mutualism. You could also identify parasitic relationships or commensalisms, if you choose. Although you can repeat interaction types—for instance, you can have multiple mutualisms—the examples must differ. These are some examples:Did you have a predatory-prey relationship with a chicken today? That is, did you eat chicken for lunch?Did you have a competitive relationship with a coworker today? That is, were you competing for a raise?Click here to download this template to track interactions with organisms.Part BRespond to the following:For every interaction you identified above, describe an interaction in nature that is similar to what you experienced or witnessed. For example, if you had a predatory-prey interaction with your meal, identify and describe an example of a predatory-prey interaction in nature. Or, if you had a competitive interaction with your coworker, identify and describe a competitive interaction in nature.Using the information you reviewed, explain why it is important to recognize these interactions.Support your statements with appropriate examples and scholarly references.Using the information that you compiled above, summarize your interactions for the day. Be sure to classify your interactions (parasitic, mutualism, etc.) and that you also determine if the interactions are considered intraspecific or interspecific.Write your initial response in a minimum of 300–350 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.By Wednesday, July 17, 2013, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through Sunday, July 21, 2013, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses. In your response posting, address the following by employing the concepts covered in module readings and your research:Evaluate your fellow students’ examples of interactions in nature. Are the categories accurately identified? Are the examples valid?What did you learn from the other students’ entries and comparisons?Did you agree or disagree with students’ explanation of the importance of recognizing these interactions?Be sure to give reasons for your responses.