PSY 520 SPSS Assignment 1 Before you begin the assignment: • Read Chapter 8 in your Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics textbook. • Review the video tutorial for an overview of conducting multiple regression in SPSS. • Download and open the P

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PSY 520 SPSS Assignment 1Before you begin the assignment:·         Read Chapter 8 in your Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics textbook.·         Review the video tutorial for an overview of conducting multiple regression in SPSS.·         Download and open the Popularity SPSS data set.An overview of the data set:This data set represents hypothetical data from a study that examined how well some core personality traits predict a person’s level of popularity. Personality was measured using the “Big 5,” which is a very commonly used measure of personality. In fact, a Big 5 personality scale was included in the Module Two discussion.Here is some more information about the variables in this hypothetical data set:

Worksheet: Psych Stats

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Do this worksheet by Thursday May 11. ORIGINAL WORK ONLY. APA Format.Two boats, the Prada (Italy) and the Oracle (USA), are competing for a spot in the upcoming America’s Cup race. They race over a part of the course several times. The sample times in minutes for the Prada were as follows: 12.9, 12.5, 11.0, 13.3, 11.2, 11.4, 11.6, 12.3, 14.2, and 11.3. The sample times in minutes for the Oracle were as follows: 14.1, 14.1, 14.2, 17.4, 15.8, 16.7, 16.1, 13.3, 13.4, 13.6, 10.8, and 19.0. For data analysis, the appropriate test is the t test: two-sample assuming unequal variances.The next table shows the results of this independent t test. At the .05 significance level, can you conclude that there is a difference in their mean times? Explain these results to a person who knows about the t test for a single sample but who is unfamiliar with the t test for independent means.Hypothesis Test: Independent Groups (t test, unequal variance)PradaOracle12.17014.875mean1.0562.208std. dev.1012n16df-2.7050difference (Prada – Oracle)0.7196standard error of difference0hypothesized difference-3.76t.0017p-value (two-tailed)-4.2304confidence interval 95.% lower-1.1796confidence interval 95.% upper1.5254margin of errorThe Willow Run Outlet Mall has two Haggar Outlet Stores, one located on Peach Street and the other on Plum Street. The two stores are laid out differently, but both store managers claim their layout maximizes the amounts customers will purchase on impulse. A sample of 10 customers at the Peach Street store revealed they spent the following amounts more than planned: $17.58, $19.73, $12.61, $17.79, $16.22, $15.82, $15.40, $15.86, $11.82, $15.85. A sample of 14 customers at the Plum Street store revealed they spent the following amounts more than they planned when they entered the store: $18.19, $20.22, $17.38, $17.96, $23.92, $15.87, $16.47, $15.96, $16.79, $16.74, $21.40, $20.57, $19.79, $14.83. For data analysis, a t test: two-sample assuming unequal variances was used.At the .01 significance level, is there a difference in the mean amount purchased on an impulse at the two stores? Explain these results to a person who knows about the t test for a single sample but who is unfamiliar with the t test for independent means.Hypothesis Test: Independent Groups (t test, unequal variance)Peach StreetPlum Street15.868018.2921mean2.33062.5527std. dev.1014n20df-2.42414difference (Peach Street – Plum Street)1.00431standard error of difference0hypothesized difference-2.41t.0255p-value (two-tailed)-5.28173confidence interval 99.% lower0.43345confidence interval 99.% upper2.85759margin of errorFry Brothers Heating and Air Conditioning, Inc. employs Larry Clark and George Murnen to make service calls to repair furnaces and air conditioning units in homes. Tom Fry, the owner, would like to know whether there is a difference in the mean number of service calls they make per day. Assume the population standard deviation for Larry Clark is 1.05 calls per day, and 1.23 calls per day for George Murnen. A random sample of 40 days last year showed that Larry Clark made an average of 4.77 calls per day. For a sample of 50 days, George Murnen made an average of 5.02 calls per day. At the .05 significance level, is there a difference in the mean number of calls per day between the two employees? What is the p-value?Hypothesis Test: Independent Groups (t test, pooled variance)LarryGeorge4.775.02mean1.051.23std. dev.4050n88df-0.25000difference (Larry – George)1.33102pooled variance1.15370pooled std. dev.0.24474standard error of difference0hypothesized difference-1.02t.3098p-value (two-tailed)-0.73636confidence interval 95.% lower0.23636confidence interval 95.% upper0.48636margin of error

The Contribution of Classical Theorists to Contemporary Developmental Theorists

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Discussion: The Contribution of Classical Theorists to Contemporary Developmental TheoristsWhile all major developmental theories attempt to explain the growth of individuals, each theory has a slightly different perspective. Some theories emphasize environmental (nurture) more than biological (nature) influences. Some theories focus on a particular construct (e.g., cognition), while others emphasize the impact of age range in shaping development. Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory emphasizes fixed stages during which the mind’s capacities allow an individual to learn about the world. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, on the other hand, is not stage-based and describes growth as an interaction between the individual and his or her environment.Contemporary theories (e.g., Langer’s theory of mindfulness) typically build upon the foundation generated by earlier theories. Langer’s theory of mindfulness contains similarities to classical theories, such as Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, in that they both agree that development is contextual and the organism is an active “mindful” participant. Langer took Vygotsky’s theory to a new level, focusing specifically on education and the learner. Other contemporary theories include neo-Piagetian cognitive developmental theories, which attempt to address the limitations found within Piaget’s classical theory. Robbie Case, Andreas Demetriou, and Kurt Fischer proposed theories that were extensions of Piaget’s theory. These theorists added concepts that expanded on cognitive functioning within the stages of development. Most developmental psychologists today do not believe that a single perspective or theory can sufficiently explain lifespan development; rather, an eclectic approach accounts for development better.For this Discussion, you will examine classical and contemporary developmental theories as they relate to current applications in developmental psychology.To prepare for this Discussion:· Review the course text and other Learning Resources related to mid-20th-century theories and recent theoretical perspectives· Select two theories from the following list, one from each column (classical, contemporary), that examine the same developmental processes (i.e., cognitive, physical, and/or social-emotional).·Classical TheoriesContemporary Theories· Psychoanalytic/Psychosexual· Psychosocial· Behaviorism/Learning· Social Learning· Cognitive-Developmental· Information Processing· Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience· Ethology/Evolutionary Developmental· Sociocultural· Systems TheoryBerk, L. E. (2014). Development through the lifespan (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.Chapter 1, “History, Theory, and Research      Strategies” (“Scientific Beginnings” through “Comparing and Evaluating      Theories,” pp. 14–27)Aldwin, C. M. (2014). Rethinking developmental science. Research in Human Development, 11(4), 247–254. doi:10.1080/15427609.2014.967045Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.Lillard, A. S., Lerner, M. D., Hopkins, E. J., Dore, R. A., Smith, E. D., & Palmquist, C. M. (2013). The impact of pretend play on children’s development: A review of the evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 1–34. doi:10.1037/a0029321Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.Greenfield, P. M. (2009). Linking social change and developmental change: Shifting pathways of human development. Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 401–418. doi:10.1037/a0014726Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.M[�