Write 2 pages with APA style on Organizational Design Article Analysis.

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Write 2 pages with APA style on Organizational Design Article Analysis. The Future of Organizational Design The Future of Organizational Design In “The Future of Organizational Design” written by Jay Galbraith (2012), the author predicted that the current trends of organizing at multi-functional levels is leading into an imminent birth of the practice of a new organizational design involving a fifth dimensional matrix called the Big Data. This type of strategic organizational design will be useful in shaping the structure at the enterprise, business unit, region, or functional levels. The strategic organizational design is based on the philosophy of “structure follows strategy” by Chandler which involves a socio-technical systems approach or a top-up type of design methodology.

Over the years, organizations apply the three main phenomena of organizational structure such as the process of concatenation, the law of requisite variety and the enabling of technologies. The first phenomena encompass the constantly swelling complexity and interdependence of organizations as new tactical emphases are being added then incorporates them into their structure. On the other hand, the law of requisite states that “as the number and variety of relevant entities in the stakeholder environment increases, the number and variety of units inside the enterprise must increase in order to manage these entities.” (Galbraith, 2012, p.3). Big companies evolve from having a single direct sales unit to deal with customers to the creation of multi-market channels to reach customers and various channel partners as these companies advance to mass production and mass market economy. Lastly, enabling technologies implicates the utilization of modern technology in designing, making and storing products. For instance, product designs saved in software can be downloaded and printed at the point of demand which can take full advantage of customization and reduce expensive supply chains (Rifkin, 2011).

The 20th century gave birth to the fourth dimension of organizational design called the Fourth Pillar as large business corporations expanded and organized into the multi-divisional structure. From the original two-dimensional structure of companies where business units function and report directly to the CEO, global business expansion led to the use of a three-dimensional organization, adding other countries or regions to the equation. Eventually, multi-national firms recognized the need to focus on customers, therefore adding it as well in the organization. IBM and Procter & Gamble exemplify this four pillar structure as global functions, global business units and regions, and global customer units report separately to their CEO.

As companies start to aggregate their independent databases to accommodate the multifunctional matrices of the organization, they would need to gather and combine these databases on a central unit where they can create new and valuable perceptions from numerous data with the help of analytical search engines and algorithms, hence the birth of a fifth dimension called the Big Data. Future organizations will be using additional information-processing capacity through a centralized mechanism that can escalate the capacity of its hierarchy to process more information, as well as through a decentralized interdependence by engaging lateral systems of management. In addition, resource allocation and priority system will also be improved. Big Data is considered by as the next frontier for innovation, productivity and competition of enterprise organizations.

The necessities produced by the development, expansion and competition of business firms dictate the future of strategic organizational design. As companies formulate new ways to innovate their products and services, the functions and scopes of their organizational structure also changes. These variations lead to modifications or additional units to accommodate the demands of the different business and customer channels. Nevertheless, the future of organizational design responds to the interdependence and continual relationship of increasing complexity shaped by the demands of new and prevailing organization strategies.

References

Galbraith, J.R. (2012). The future of organizational design. Journal of Organizational Design.

1(1), 3-6. doi: 10.7146/jod.2012.1.2

Rifkin, J. (2011). The third industrial revolution: How lateral power is transforming energy, the

economy and the world. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Compose a 1750 words assignment on crime and human nature.

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Compose a 1750 words assignment on crime and human nature. Needs to be plagiarism free! Wolfgang and Ferracuti’s “The Subculture of Violence” make equally valuable, but different contributions to the study of criminology.&nbsp. In their work, the authors explain the theory of criminology and its purpose in social control and examine various approaches to the study of criminal behavior.&nbsp. Wolfgang and Ferracuti offer explanations for the factors that drive homicide and other forms of violent criminal conduct. Ultimately the authors provide a generalized concept of the subculture of violence.

Wilson and Hernstein’s “Crime and Human Nature”

Wilson and Hernstein argue that many of the theories that explain criminal behavior are based on erroneous conclusions (Wilson and Hernstein 41).&nbsp. For example, theorizing that economic difficulties increase the incidents of crime can encourage expectation of increased crime during “economic recessions” but will at the same time direct attention away from the possibility that “prosperity” could increase criminal conduct by loosening “social bonds” (Wilson and Hernstein 41).&nbsp. The fact is, there is a number of factors that influence individual behavior and any realistic approach to theories in criminology must take account of the different factors that drive “individual decisions” (Wilson and Hernstein 42).

It is against this background that Wilson and Hernstein bring together most of what has been gleaned from the practice of criminal justice and academic discourse such as economics, sociology, psychology, and philosophy and apply this information to ascertain the underlying contributing factors to crime.&nbsp. The authors then come to the conclusion that there are three root causes of crime.&nbsp.

By looking at the statistics on the young male population, Wilson and Hernstein come to the conclusion that boys with low intelligence and anger problems are predisposed to commit crimes.&nbsp. It, therefore, follows that if boys fitting that criteria increase among the population, an increase in criminal conduct will follow.&nbsp.

Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: Gay Marriage. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.

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Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: Gay Marriage. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Marvin Suggs Jeanine Callaway Eng1114142 March 22, Gay Marriages The United s of America was founded under the principles of unity and equality for all. Should the term “equality” apply to American citizens discriminatively? Should the law undermine its own citizens because of their likes and interests? A part of the American citizens is pro-gay marriages. The American constitution does not give a clear guideline on the definition of marriage. Thus, there have been suggestions for the amendments to take place. Several states, including Ohio, have collected signatures to change the definitions. Gay marriage in the United States should be legal because it will prevent discrimination, encourage tolerance, and allow gay couples the legal rights only afforded through marriage.

Acceptance of gay marriage prevents discrimination. It is evident gay marriages prevents discrimination. The republicans argue that it will be way of promoting peace and free movement. According to, McCOMBS, he argues that, “support of gay marriages will incorporate the Republican tradition of being liberal.” Former president Reagan advocated for freedom of all citizens. The constitution allows all mature people to do whatever makes them happy, provided they do not break the rules. The acceptance will discourage discrimination.

Allowing gay marriages encourages tolerance of one another. The government should allow Gay marriages to promote its will of freedom for all. Furthermore, allowing gay marriages will encourage tolerance for one another. There are many groups of people in America, with different ideologies. People are different according to their political organisations, religious affiliations, and their geographical location. Gay marriages will unite all these groups. They will have tolerance towards each other despite their differences. Many Americans support gay marriages. Majority of them understand the advantages of gay marriages. To unite all Americans, and promote tolerance, the government should legalise gay marriages. The gays in America will be receiving gay benefits often. The federal benefits will be an economic benefit to the gays. They will live a high standard life without financial instability. It will bring tolerance in the religious sector. A Jew and a Roman Catholic will correlate well if they are both gays. The same could happen between a Muslim and a Christian. There would be no religious differences. Moreover, there would be tolerance between the white and the black races. There would be no tensions between different races. Promoting tolerance between various groups of people would enhance national unity.

Gay marriages will provide gay couples with the rights only afforded through marriage. There are certain rights only reserved to the married couples. The rights prevent infidelity and sexual immorality. Furthermore, there will be the reduction of sexually transmitted diseases. The couples in the gay marriage will be practising a constitutional requirement of marriage. It will be illegal for the couples to sell their bodies to other gay partners. Marriage is important in preventing gay prostitution. In the end, there would be good behavioural tolerance. The young children will have something to learn. Legalising gay marriages will promote the marriage institution and promote unity.

From the discussion, it is evident that legalising gay marriages will prevent discrimination, encourage tolerance, and allow gay couples the legal rights only afforded through marriage. The effect would be a more united country that respects one anothers beliefs and civil rights.

Works Cited

McCombs, Brady. “Republican Group Shows Support for Gay Marriage.” 4 March 2014. News9. 5 March 2014 . Print.

Saad, Lydia. “In U.S., 52% Back Law to Legalize Gay Marriage in 50 States.” 29 July 2013. Gallup. 13 march 2014 . Print.

Simpson, Ian. N 26 February 2014. Reutures. 13 March 2014 . Print.

Provide a 10 pages analysis while answering the following question: Money laundering and corruptions. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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Provide a 10 pages analysis while answering the following question: Money laundering and corruptions. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. The most common business thus was Laundromats. A famous gangster known as Al Capone was one owner of such Laundromats where he made his dirty money look legitimate. However, in 1931, he was convicted for tax evasion. Many experts have conceded that the claim of origin of the phrase money laundering is a myth. Rather, they cite that since the money was gotten from illegal sources, it was considered “dirty”. In a bid to “cleaning it up” so that it looked legitimate, the phrase laundering of money was coined for this literal meaning. The process of money laundering is mainly meant to obscure the source of money by the use of a number of transfers and transactions. Meyer Lansky who was referred to as the Mob’s Accountant was very troubled that the monies gotten from the illegal activities could get people in jail for tax evasion. As such, he set about looking for the best way to launder money without consequences. It was when he discovered the value of Swiss banks. Here, he used the loan back concept where money would be “loaned” to people by the compliant foreign banks and then declared to the revenue with the bank even taking a tax deduction. Money laundering is a crime. However, since its conception, the term was first publicly used in the 80s where drug trafficking was the context in which it was mostly applied. The trigger for action against drug trafficking was the realization by the government that huge profits were being made at the expense of the society. The US government anticipated that such money would eventually corrupt and contaminate its structures. Money laundering is now regarded as a global phenomenon affecting all nations. The complications of dealing with this organizational and transactional crime are many since it is very adaptable and flexible assisted by the latest technology and the contracting of professionals. The global nature of the operations is also a challenge for the authorities to deal with. The presence of a large pool of resources, the ingenuity of its operators and the quest for profits are the major threats of money laundering as it expands and moves into new frontiers every day. Corruption is treated as an incurable disease because it affects every core of the social and moral fiber. There are many evils that are associated with corruption. Indeed, in most cases, it starts small and then grows into a cancer to all sectors of society, government and the economy. There is however no clear-cut correlation between the effects of corruption and the economy. The most visible consequences of corruption are the inequalities in the society with some earning more than others and an erosion of individual morals and the degradation of the moral fiber of the society in general. These are however not parameters that can be considered as being able to determine the economic consequences of corruption on the national scale. There are nations that do have a very high corruption index but yet are economically sound. There are also those that exhibit low levels of corruption but are poor performers in the economy. This is not an indictment to corruption but it is meant to show that corruption is so disguised in the society that it may affect or it may not affect the general economy (Mauro, 1995).