prepare and submit a paper on the use of polymers in liquid pharmaceutical formulations.

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Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on the use of polymers in liquid pharmaceutical formulations. . Polymers are extensively used to deliver better drug products. They are employed in film coatings to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug, to improve the stability of hydrophilic drugs, to facilitate handling, and to alter the drug release properties (Jones 2004). Polymers are increasingly dominating the scene as the drug carrier for controlled-release systems. During the process, the drug is released. the polymers get degraded and are sometimes absorbed within the body.

The drugs can be administered to the patient in many forms like liquid, solid, or semisolid. The oral route of administration consists of liquid solutions, emulsions, or suspensions, or in solid forms such as capsules or tablets. It is desirable to provide liquid pharmaceutical formulation to infants, children, older persons, and many other persons who are unable to swallow whole tablets and capsules (Yu & Roche 2001).

When a medicament is given orally, the palatability of the active ingredient is an extremely important factor in ensuring patient compliance. The contact of the active ingredient with the mouth can not be prevented in liquid dosage forms. Sometimes, undesirable taste can be masked by adding flavoring ingredients and sweeteners. However, drugs like antibiotics possess a very strong, bitter, unpleasant taste. To improve the taste and palatability of liquid pharmaceuticals, various taste-masked coating compositions have been employed in the formulation of liquid suspension dosage forms. These formulations should be stable, palatable in the aqueous environment over a prolonged period, relatively insoluble at the non-acidic pHs of the mouth, and exhibit immediate bioavailability after swallowing and ingestion (Danny & Edward 2001). The “reverse enteric coating” provides for rapid release and absorption of the drug in the acidic pH of the stomach, is desirable in the case of liquid dosage forms. The drug particles are spray-coated with the taste masking polymer blend either directly or after granulation, and then the coated particles are admixed with an aqueous liquid vehicle for oral administration. The diffusion and solubility of the coating depend on the ratio of the components of the polymer blend and the physicochemical properties of the active ingredient being coated. Examples of the taste masking liquid pharmaceutical formulations are reported.&nbsp.

Write 6 pages with APA style on Philosophical Perspective of Douglass Slave Narratives. Today’s society has overcome and overpowered with numerous challenges, and Douglass can still provide an inspiring example to others, even in these modern times.&nbsp.

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Write 6 pages with APA style on Philosophical Perspective of Douglass Slave Narratives. Today’s society has overcome and overpowered with numerous challenges, and Douglass can still provide an inspiring example to others, even in these modern times.&nbsp.

about getting his freedom. The way that he did this was by increasing his knowledge by learning how to read and write. Then he began to understand things like liberty and freedom and what they meant to him, and he realized that he needed to be free. There were a lot of slaves in his day who did not make this discovery and were destined to

suffer through slavery because they did not make the intuitive leaps that Douglass did about his situation, and they were kept in fear and illiteracy by their oppressors. But Douglass escaped to the North and emerged as a free man eventually, and also one of the most important writers of his time and ours. The basic assumption of this current presentation is that the key to Douglass’ freedom was literacy: before he was taught to read and write, he was powerless. However, after he became literate, he became exponentially more powerful. “I used to spend the time in writing in the spaces left in Master Thomas’s copy-book, copying what he had written. I continued to do this until I could write&nbsp.a hand very similar to that of Mater Thomas..

nicotine as a cognitive enhancer

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I need some assistance with these assignment. nicotine as a cognitive enhancer Thank you in advance for the help! The study that is proposed will assist in understanding whether nicotine is a cognitive enhancer. Literature Review The study that this researcher proposes is one that will examine nicotine as a cognitive enhancer. The process that will be studied is how the nicotine patch effects the delivery of nicotine into the body and whether this method is a better way of delivery than smoking. Another question is whether the nicotine patch can rule out health concerns that may happen when nicotine is ingested through cigarettes. The study is projected to create an opportunity to discuss the benefits of nicotine instead of continuing to show that it is always negative. Nicotine and Cognition Many researchers have studied whether nicotine can enhance the cognitive abilities of those people using it and it has been applied to situations where cognition was impaired. As an example, Winga, Bachera, Saccob and Georgea (2011) used nicotine in an experiment with schizophrenic patients. This study used a nicotine patch in order to use the skin as a way for the participants to receive nicotine. The study tested both smokers and non-smokers (non-smokers had history of smoking but were not smoking at time of test) and provided smoking breaks within the process of the study. The researchers found that smoking “ modifies pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) deficits” (p. 323) in schizophrenic patients. In other words, smoking actually helped the cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients. They also found that patients who smoked had less impairment in neuropsychological task performance and those who did not smoke and more impairment. This study clearly showed that nicotine is a cognitive enhancer in patients who had difficulties staying on task with their cognition. This study is relevant to this researcher’s study because it provides a transdermal patch that is an alternative to smoking the nicotine. The study that is proposed will use the nicotine patch, another alternative way of ingesting nicotine. Ernst, Heishman, Spurgeon and London (2001) state that “tobacco and nicotine have a complex effect on human performance…” (p. 313) which they attribute to whether the individual is currently smoking or whether they have deprived themselves from smoking. The study asked participants to chew two pieces of Nicorette® gum for 15 minutes and to do one chew every three seconds. They where then asked to do a series of computerized cognitive tasks. The researchers found that people who smoked for a long time, had more trouble with cognitive skills than those who did not. In fact, they found that “chronic exposure to nicotine has a deleterious effect on working memory” (p. 317). This insight suggests that too much nicotine actually impairs cognitive functioning instead of enhancing it. This can mean that an experiment using nicotine would have to be monitored so that people did not inhale too much. A limitation of this study was that it was task specific and it could not tell whether someone who was doing other cognitive tasks would have a better outcome than on this one.

prepare and submit a term paper on Nonverbal Communication. Your paper should be a minimum of 1500 words in length.

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You will prepare and submit a term paper on Nonverbal Communication. Your paper should be a minimum of 1500 words in length. The subject of discussion is one of the course module’s project requirements which necessitate conducting research based on designing a questionnaire for a survey. Since I would be doing the observation and listening analysis, I exhibited the kind of behavior that initiated the needed conversation and at the same time, ensured that proper listening techniques are applied.

The subject of the discussion appears to be interesting to all peers given that the project is important as it forms a major part of the students’ final grade. The female peers were more conversant and expressive of their anxieties for the project. The male members were intently listening. yet, intermittently responding to the conversation. However, since all were holding their respective smartphones, these gadgets seemed to serve as tools of distractions to effective listening. The evidence of distracted listening patterns are: (1) asking peers to repeat what was said. (2) responding erroneously. (3) not responding at well when asked. (4) appearing to listen when in fact, it was evident that the person was fully intent on personal endeavors using the smartphone. I am also guilty of using the smartphone during the conversation. At one point in time, there was a joke that was relayed by the male peer and I totally did not hear. as such, I had to ask the female peer who I was seated next to and asked her to repeat what was said.

From what I have observed, it appears that the type of listener does not depend on the gender alone. but on other factors. Since male peers exhibited lesser behavior in actual verbal communication, it could appear that they are more into listening. However, it was evident that since they were looking at their smartphones and doing some personal applications, the fact is that male peers exhibited equal skills in listening, as similarly exhibited by their female counterparts. One strongly believes that the type of listener exhibits different degrees and levels of intent listening depending on the enthusiasm on the subject matter. the number of members in the group. and the need to respond.