Provide a 8 pages analysis while answering the following question: Molecular Biology. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. For monoclonal antibody, mice are immunised with purified protein.

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Provide a 8 pages analysis while answering the following question: Molecular Biology. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. For monoclonal antibody, mice are immunised with purified protein.

Mouse splenocytes are collected after the immunisation process and fused with myeloma cells. To obtain monoclonal antibodies individual B cells are fused to myeloma cells and isolated by serial dilution resulting to a fusion product or hybridoma cell line of which can produce one specific antibody for extended periods of time by tissue culture. These hybridomas can be screened and best clones cultured in standard tissue culture facilities. The hybridoma cell line obtained for a given antibody was injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice where it grew and simultaneously produces the antibodies. Ascetic fluid containing the antibodies was harvested from the peritoneal cavity after a period of time.

One fusion may produce 1000hybridomas therefore one must choose the most appropriate. This might be the highest infinity mAb but could be the most stable, the least cross reacting, the highest specificity depending on what is required.

The advantage of using monoclonal antibodies is that they are monospecific, they tend to reduce cross reactivity and useful in diagnostics such as tissue typing. They are highly reproducible, can use relatively impure antigens to immunise animas, theoretically have limitless supply and can manufacture using recombinant DNA technology plus phage display libraries to produce fully human antibodies of any specificity.

Labelling antibodies is useful as it enables detection of antibodies. Currently, the most commonly used are fluorescent labels, enzyme labels, chemiluminescent labels and radioactive labels. These are sometimes amplified using Avidin-Biotin Conjugate system. Some common fluorescent labels include, Fluorescein isothiocyanate, DAPI, Phycoerithrin and Texas red.

Compose a 1750 words assignment on the evaluation of a particular e-commerce application.

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Compose a 1750 words assignment on the evaluation of a particular e-commerce application. Needs to be plagiarism free! The current paper refers to the examination and the evaluation of a particular e-commerce application, the website of Dixons, a firm that is established in the UK but has also a significant presence worldwide. The particular aspects of the firm’s websites will be analyzed and explained trying to identify any weaknesses and suggest appropriate solutions. At the same time, the value of the website for the firm’s performance will be identified highlighting all its advantages and strengths especially towards the firm’s competitors in the same industry. A short reference to the main aspects of e-commerce as a marketing tool has been considered as necessary in order to understand the role of the website in Dixons’ success.

The use of e-commerce applications by modern firms in order for the latter to improve their performance and expand their activities worldwide is a common phenomenon. In accordance with Afuah et al. (2000, 15) there are four basic types of companies that use the Internet in the core of their business: (1) e-commerce companies that sell goods over the Internet. (2) content aggregators who gather and display content from multiple sources. (3) market makers that act as intermediaries or conduct electronic markets. and (4) service providers who furnish Internet-based services’. It is clear that e-commerce applications can be appropriate for all firms that operate within the modern market. There can be no limitation for e-commerce applications available to firms around the world: all firms – no matter of their size – can enter the particular area and incorporate e-commerce applications in their activities but only under the terms that they&nbsp.have the necessary funds in order to respond to the needs of these applications (including the losses from a potential failure of the specific e-commerce application, especially at the first stages of its development).

write an article on Angina Pectoris. It needs to be at least 1500 words.

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Angina Pectoris. It needs to be at least 1500 words. Hence, angina may occur due to incidents of fright, shock, anger, and any other activity that might interrupt the supply of blood to the heart (Siegenthaler 222). Statistics Angina is more common in men than it affects women, which is due to the size load of women’s heart being less and smaller than that of men. In this case, men between the age of 35 and 60 years are the ones at risk of contracting this condition since they exercise less and took a rich diet (Sayeed 4). During an angina attack, the pain can abate after five minutes of rest although there are instances that the pain can spread from one second to hours. In this case, this pain is usually localized at one point in the left chest (Siegenthaler 223). On the other hand, more than an estimated 6.3 million Americans are said to have angina with 4.8% of this number dying five years following a diagnosis with the disease (Buckley et al. 1). Importantly, the statistics appear to be similar in the Western world with the disease being less prevalent in developing nations than it is prevalent in the developed world, which makes it the disease of the affluent. Pathophysiology (Causes) Angina pectoris results from an imbalance of the supply of oxygen, which is usually in short supply, and the demand for oxygen required by a heart. In line with this, there are two broad classes of the condition with each condition different in pathogenic mechanisms. In the first condition, classic angina, the ability of the coronary arteries to increase the blood flow is limited due to the narrowing of the atherosclerotic (Siegenthaler 223). The second condition is known as the variant angina. In this case, this condition of angina pectoris results to a primary reduction of the flow in coronary blood due to changes that are not related to the demand of blood in the heart (Siegenthaler 223). Importantly, other conditions that can cause angina pectoris include anxiety, fear, and failure by adults to exercise despite eating food that was rich in all nutrients. In line with this, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, and other factors put an individual at a risk of this health condition (Sayeed 4). Signs and Symptoms Discomfort in the chest remains the biggest sign and symptom for angina pectoris. In fact, most patients will complain of discomfort and not pain in the chest. The discomfort is characterized by experiences related to choking sensations, burning in the chest area, tightness of the chest, heaviness, and experiencing a pressure in the chest. Other than pain in the chest, a person may experience pains in the back, shoulders, the jaws may also experience pain, the neck area, and the upper central region of the abdomen are some of the areas that may experience pain. However, these areas experience referred pains due to the spinal levels that receive various sensations from the heart, skin, and other areas without discriminating and effectively cause the experiencing of pain in these areas. In most case, the referred pains are in the shoulder area, at the neck area and into the jaw, and at the inner part of the arm. Stress, of an emotional nature, has an effect of precipitating angina pectoris with a full stomach and cold temperatures worsening the situation.

writing homework on Population geographies. Write a 500 word paper answering; Urbanization and Emergence of Global Cities The modern world is currently experiencing an unprecedented urban growth.

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Need help with my writing homework on Population geographies. Write a 500 word paper answering; Urbanization and Emergence of Global Cities The modern world is currently experiencing an unprecedented urban growth. The movement of people or goods is the major characteristic of the present globalized world. Researchers point out that in 2008, more than half of the total world’s population resided in cities and towns. However, this figure will swell to about 5 billion people. Urbanization is mostly concentrated in Asia and Africa. As such, this paper will analyze urbanization and the emergence of global cities.

Population shift movement from one locality area to another has been a major element in the spread of knowledge, technology and culture. This movement is often termed as migration. Population movement is categorized under the micro and macro levels. Macro migration refers to the movement of people from one country to another while micro refers to people moving from one region or area to another. A population movement is as a result of the pull (voluntary) and pushes (non-voluntary) factors. While major cities are a focal point of public attention, urbanization will be concentrated in the smaller cities, which have inadequate resources to cater for the needs of the new urban population. In most countries, the total number of urban dwellers continues to swell at a higher rate than the cities’ or towns’ capacities to provide water, jobs, sanitation, houses, and other essential services.

The UN states that the unemployment rate of immigrants in urban areas is higher than in rural areas. It is only about 40% of the immigrants who have access to good jobs. Consequently, many people are forced to fend for themselves by entering the informal sector, or turning to crime and prostitution. Due to high unemployment levels, some of the urban dwellers are forced to build their houses since they cannot afford to pay rent. These shanties give rise to slums within the urban environment. Slums lack sewerage, waste disposal and water facilities.

Accessibility of clean water in the urban areas is a necessity everywhere. Unlike in developed countries where the urban population has access to clean water, third world countries lack this basic need or commodity. In Africa, 26 % of the urban population has access to clean water. 29% of the Asian urban population has access to clean water whereas, in South America, only a paltry 12% have access to clean water.

The movement of people from rural to urban areas (mostly in developing countries) is among the most common visible trends today. According to the United Nations data, 60% of the world’s population will be urbanized by the year 2025. This will result in the creation of mega cities or towns with a huge population of more than ten million people. These movements can be caused by pull factors. For example, urban areas offer a more conducive environment for resolving or tackling both environmental and social problems. Unlike rural areas, cities and towns offer good education and healthcare services. These pull factors contribute to the urbanization trend.

The pace of urbanization will only be reduced by empowering women, lowering poverty and providing quality services to the rural population (McCarthy, 2005). As a result of urbanization, cities have turned to be interconnected. These cities have transformed from isolated towns or areas to an integrated community, ruled by cultural, ecological and economic interdependencies. Global cities have been fuelled by technological networking, global communication and the ever expanding transport routes and systems. The transformation of cities into global cities has impacted the urban population mostly positively. The UNFPA is tasked with designing policies that can address various needs of different demographic groups in towns and cities especially in developing countries.

Work Cited

McCarthy, Linda Mary, and Paul Leslie Knox. Urbanization: An introduction to urban geography. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.Print.