prepare and submit a paper on crtical apprisal 2. LTRA is the main subject of this paper by Currie, et al.

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Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on crtical apprisal 2. LTRA is the main subject of this paper by Currie, et al.

This study is focused because it clearly states its target population of concern which is patients with persistent asthma. Secondly it addresses the issue of what physicians turn to when asthma is persistent. Specifically, these are LTRA and LABA. These two play a very important role as they are legally administered and known second line therapy. In the UK, their guidelines state that in the first instance, LABA should be administered as a therapeutic trial. If this is unsuccessful, then this is the time to administer LTRA. Third, outcomes are clearly defined. Physicians give inhaled corticosteroids when a patient is diagnosed with asthma. For persistent symptoms, they choose to introduce LABA. This is known to be more effective than an increase in dosage of the inhaled corticosteroids. Additional therapy with LTRA is presented to be more effective than LABA in its overall efficacy.

Only appropriate, related and relevant papers and journals were included in this review article. In fact, in the material and methods section of this paper, the researchers pointed out that they searched for suitable trials with its relevance evident in the title and abstract. This therefore implies that no literature included used LTRA or LABA as a secondary topic. Researchers focusing on these were included and not those that just merely mentioned the two. The data base used MEDLINE Clinical Evidence, Cochrane Library and EMBASE database, are supported by reputable organizations.

The research for significant literature also had key guidelines limiting searches to about 11 words. This definitely narrowed down the search and only produced crucial and relevant journals that are directly related to the research topic. A statistical analysis was not used. Certain data from the studies were taken and reviewed.

Provide a 12 pages analysis while answering the following question: A Geology of Vancouver. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.

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Provide a 12 pages analysis while answering the following question: A Geology of Vancouver. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Basalt rocks are fine-grained igneous rocks, black in color and rich in calcium feldspar. These rocks are comprised of minerals plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, olivine, and magnetite. The partial melting of the upper mantle periodate’s chief rock leads to the formation of the basalt rocks. Most of the ocean crust and 90% of the volcanoes are made of basalt rocks (Lambert & The Diagram Group, 2007, p. 60). These rocks occur in three forms in Vancouver –

dykes, sills, and lava flows. Dykes are layers like volcanic incursions that cut older rocks and form much of Siwask rock in Stanley Park. Sills are incursions that are equivalent to the stratum in sedimentary or metamorphic rocks (Clague & Turner, 2003, pp. 29 & 175).

Cordilleran Ice sheet

The earth froze when glaciers in Western Canada’s high mountains evolved during the preliminary stage of the glacial cycle. When these glaciers progressed beyond mountain fronts and united over lowlands and plateaus, which happened throughout thousands of years, an enormous sheet of ice was named the &nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp.&nbsp. Cordilleran ice sheet. It lay to the west of Vancouver and covered a large area of North America during the glacial periods of Quaternary (Clague & Turner, 2003, p. 38). According to research, the Cordilleran ice sheet covered up to two and a half million square kilometers at the Last Glacial Maximum and perhaps more than that in some preceding phases. Today it covers almost all British Columbia and Southern Yukon Territory (Cordilleran Ice sheet, n.d).

Debris Flows

Under the force of gravity, moving masses of sand, rocks, soil, loose mud, water, and air are transported down steep slopes called the debris flows. These substances can be anything from finely powdered rocks to mighty boulders are also pushed down by melting glaciers and ice sheets. The debris cast off by glaciers is generally an unsorted heap of stones and rocks entrenched in a sandy, clayey medium known as till or boulder clay. Some debris flows are slow, making small internal movements of just one to two feet per year. However, some high-speed flows – traveling down at 100 miles per hour in regions with very steep slopes.

analysis of the sustainability of nordic welfare model in times of economic recession

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I need some assistance with these assignment. analysis of the sustainability of nordic welfare model in times of economic recession Thank you in advance for the help! The first challenge for Nordic countries is the demographic shift. The population in the entire developed world is greying and Nordic countries are no exception. With the increase in longevity of people and reduced child births, the number of people above the age of 65 is rapidly increasing (Adema, 2001). All Nordic countries provide generous pension facilities to enable the old to live a life of dignity. Thus if the number of dependents increase, it becomes increasingly difficult to finance their pension out of the income of working population. It has been assumed that in the next 3 decades the old age dependency ration will increase from 0.25 to 0.40 in the Nordic countries. The dependency ratios over the next 40 years in three Nordic countries is shown in the graph below – Source: (Kvist &amp. Greve, 2011) Thus it is clear from the above figures that it will be unsustainable for Nordic countries to provide pension to their elderly without significantly deteriorating their finances. It is assumed that Denmark will suffer deterioration of finances up to 4% of GDP. it will be 6% of GDP for Norway and up to 4.5% of GDP for Sweden (Kvist &amp. Greve, 2011). Clearly no country can suffer such an impact on its finances. It is often said that the problems of a welfare state can be circumvented by ensuring a high GDP growth. The Nordic countries should focus on increasing their GDP growth rate to mop up extra finances for their welfare schemes. In this section I will discuss the challenges of achieving high GDP growth for Nordic countries in this era of recession and globalisation. The Nordic countries have historically seen higher growth rates as compared to other European economies.

Provide a 4 pages analysis while answering the following question: Case management concepts to care for patients with high-risk complex needs. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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Provide a 4 pages analysis while answering the following question: Case management concepts to care for patients with high-risk complex needs. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Existing literature on the subject of case management has often found that it is successful and beneficial to the patient, their families and their caregivers (Bergen 1992. Pugh et al. 2001. Riegel, Carlson, Kopp, LePetri, Glaser & Unger 2002). Case management can be especially beneficial for patients that have high-risk complex needs, such as elderly patients with congestive heart failure and diabetes, and it appears to be cost effective and improve patients’ quality of life (Pugh et al. 2001). An example of using case management for patients with congestive heart failure is described in an article by Riegel et al. (2002). The study aimed to determine if a standardized telephonic case-management intervention had any effect on reducing the number of resources utilized by patients (Riegel et al. 2002). Participants in the study received standardized calls from a case manager on a regular basis over the six months of the study. Results of this study indicated that the phone calls did significantly decrease the resources required by patients (Id.). The telephonic case-management intervention also resulted in significantly lower costs for patient care. Basically, the study results found that the telephonic case management resulted in significant decreases in physician office visits, hospital days, emergency department visits, and rates of rehospitalization (Id.). Interestingly, the study also found that some of the telephonic case management interventions were more effective than others. However, it is not clear which factors of the intervention actually influence the effectiveness of the results and further research is needed in this area (Id.). Other studies assessing the effectiveness of case management in patients with congestive heart failure also found that case management intervention was beneficial to the patients (Laramee, Levinsky, Sargent, Ross & Callas 2003. Pugh et al. 2001). In fact, nearly all of the research on the subject of using case management strategies with congestive heart failure patients found the intervention could be linked to decreased hospital readmission, cost savings and improved functional health status (Laramee et al. 2003). Another population which can benefit from case management intervention is the population of older people living in the community (Bergen 1992. Bernabei et al. 1998). Existing literature on the subject seems to indicate that integrated community care that includes case management strategies has positive effects on the elderly population that is living in the community (Bernabei et al. 1998).In fact, Bernabei et al. (1998) found the intervention led to reduced risk of hospitalization and reduced length of stay in the hospital or nursing home, less physical decline among patients, and reduced health care costs. Case management strategies have also been beneficial to elderly diabetic patients, especially those living alone (Huang, Wu, Jeng & Lin 2004). Elderly diabetes patients that live alone face a number of challenges and often cannot perform self-care independently (Huang et al. 2004). Through home-based case management intervention patients can be educated in diabetes self-management (Funnell et al. 2007).