Background: Does the literature review justify the need for the  study? Are there any gaps or missing data in the literature review?

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By Day 1 of Week Five, the instructor will send you two de-identified grant proposals to review for this assignment . You will play  the role of a grant reviewer by reading and giving feedback to two  other students’ grant proposals (proposals will be assigned at random).  They are in the upload file box.

The Grant Proposal – Peer Reviews

  • Must be three to six double-spaced pages in length (not including  the title or reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as  outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
  • Must address the following areas of the proposal you are reviewing:
    • Specific Aims: Does the proposed study seem adequate to achieve these specific aims?
    • Background: Does the literature review justify the need for the  study? Are there any gaps or missing data in the literature review?
    • Significance: Does the proposed study improve scientific knowledge, technical capability and/or clinical practice?
    • Proposed Study: Does the proposed study methodology answer the  hypotheses listed in the Background section? Is the proposed methodology  sufficient to achieve the stated specific aims?
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper you are reviewing
    • Reviewer’s  name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least one peer-reviewed source in addition to the course text.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

 

Discuss how historic misconceptions of psychopathology    could potentially impact the treatment of this client. As part of    this discussion, you may include a diagnosis, any referrals that you    would make, and a general course of treatment.

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Review the diagnostic criteria on pages 99-100; 160-161; 561-562 of  the DSM-5.

A counselor’s own perception of psychopathology is extremely  important in the diagnostic process.

Using the case study of “Tina”, write a 500-750 word essay  in which you examine your thought process about her presenting issues.  Include the following in your paper:

  1. Discuss the historic and cross-cultural perspectives of    psychopathology that could potential impact the diagnosis and    treatment of Tina.
  2. After reviewing the several diagnoses    that could pertain to Tina from the latest version of the DSM, what    is your diagnostic impression?
  3. Substantiate your diagnostic    impression with appropriate criteria from the current version of the  DSM.
  4. Discuss how historic misconceptions of psychopathology    could potentially impact the treatment of this client. As part of    this discussion, you may include a diagnosis, any referrals that you    would make, and a general course of treatment.
  5. Include at    least five scholarly references in addition to the textbook in    your paper.

Case Study: Tina Tina is a 17-year-old Navajo female who is brought into a counselor’s office for symptoms of depression; her family has noticed that she is more withdrawn than usual and she is often observed crying and talking to herself. Through the intake interview, the counselor learns that Tina hears voices daily that command her to perform certain acts of hygiene (showering, combing her hair, etc.). She further reveals that she believes these voices to be the result of witchcraft that her boyfriend is using to control her. Tina also states that she has used methamphetamines heavily for the past several months. She and her mother ask the counselor to work with Tina for the depression, but claim that they wish to see a medicine man for hearing voices. Where does the counselor begin with this client? Tina is clearly demonstrating symptoms of psychoses, yet it is difficult to determine what has caused them. Is she experiencing a severe depressive episode with psychotic features? Have the voices been induced by excessive drug use? Alternatively, should the counselor take into account the cultural acceptance of witchcraft and let the medicine man exclusively treat Tina? This case study is but one example of the way different cultures deviate in concept of mental illness as it presents itself in the counselor’s office. Viewing clients as devoid of their cultural backgrounds because notions of health and wellness differ greatly by who is defining them are unethical and unwise. In order to be as receptive as possible to a client’s position, counselors must constantly deconstruct and be aware of their own beliefs regarding psychopathology. This process of exploring a belief system has been given many names, one of which is social constructionism (Lemma, 2011). Social constructionism is the concept that reality is formed and defined by the individual experience of it; the perceptions of any given society are constantly in flux as trends and knowledge shifts. As such, the concept of psychology changes to meet the needs of each given culture. Ruder & Guterman (2007) state that “social constructionism is, itself, a social construction that is always changing and subject to reconstruction” (p. 387).

References   Rudes, J. & Guterman, J. (2007). The value of social constructionism for the counseling profession: A reply to Hansen. Journal of Counseling & Development,85(4), 387-392

Respond to the posts of at least two different colleagues. One must be a response to a colleague’s post about the question you did not select. Respond in the one of the following ways:

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Week 2: Ready, Set, Stop: Approaches and the Problem Set-Up

A fork in the road, indicating a decision to make to go one way or the other.Problem solving can take you down a path filled with continuous forks or junctions; choosing one direction or approach over another might significantly alter the outcome, or become an alternative route to the same destination. Recognize that the path you choose is one of many paths that may lead to a good solution.

In this week, you continue to explore problem- solving approaches. In addition, you address hypothesis creation, causation and correlation, and intuition and how these topics relate to the problem-solving process.

Photo credit: Billinger, J. (Photographer). (2009, 06 15). Fork in the Road [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1355424

Learning Objectives

Students will:
  • Analyze different approaches to problem solving
  • Create hypotheses for solving problems
  • Analyze role of intuition in problem solving
  • Evaluate information to determine causation and correlation
  • Analyze role of perspectives in problem solving
  • Analyze insights related to problem solving

Discussion: Hypotheses and Problem Solving

Note: Please read the Introduction to all Discussions. Then proceed to participate in the required Discussion A, and your choice of Discussion B or C. There is also an Optional Open Forum you may participate in at any time.

Discussion Introduction (Applies to Discussions A, B, and C)

Have you ever thought you identified the cause of a problem, only to find out later that you were mistaken? When one event or action regularly follows another event or action, you may be likely to conclude that the initial event caused the second event. You may be correct, but, as you learned in this week’s Learning Resources, correlation is not the same as causation.

When you create hypotheses, you use your experience and the resources at your disposal to guess what may have caused a problem and to identify a solution that may address it. For this Discussion, you apply your understanding of causation and correlation to create and discuss hypotheses.

To prepare for the following Discussions, review this week’s Learning Resources including the Problem-Solving Guidance Handout.

Discussion A (Required for all students)

For this Discussion, focus on the various scenes and vignettes that Watzlawick presents in his book, The Situation Is Hopeless But Not Serious: The Pursuit of Unhappiness. For each scene or vignette, consider Watzlawick’s approach to the problem of “the pursuit of unhappiness.” What hypotheses does he propose to address the problem? Based on your own experience, would you consider these plausible hypotheses? Why or why not?

State one hypothesis Watzlawick proposes in the first five chapters of his book. Then evaluate whether, in your view, Watzlawick’s hypothesis is plausible. Provide support for your position.

In addition, create a hypothesis to suggest another explanation that may be equally plausible. Include in your answer an explanation of how intuition might play a role in the approach to this problem.

By Day 3

Post a minimum of 100 words to Discussion Question A.
Be sure to support your ideas by connecting them to at least one of this unit’s Learning Resources. Additionally, you may opt to include an academic resource you have identified or something you have read, heard, seen, or experienced.

By Day 5

Respond to the posts of at least two different colleagues. One must be a response to a colleague’s post about the question you did not select. Respond in one of the following ways:

  • Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
  • Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Discussion B (Select B or C)

Scenario: 

The gentleman living next door has scolded you three times in the past 2 weeks because, in his view, you parked your car too close to his car. Review the assigned pages in the Watzlawick text, as well as Attribution Theory in this unit’s Learning Resources.

Using attribution theory, describe what motivations you can attribute to the neighbor. Create a hypothesis that may help you frame a possible solution to the problem.

By Day 3

Post a minimum of 100 words to your choice of Discussion Question B.
Be sure to support your ideas by connecting them to at least one of this unit’s Learning Resources. Additionally, you may opt to include an academic resource you have identified or something you have read, heard, seen, or experienced.

By Day 5

Respond to the posts of at least two different colleagues. One must be a response to a colleague’s post about the question you did not select. Respond in the one of the following ways:

  • Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
  • Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Discussion C (Select B or C)

Scenario:

At work you are presented with a list of possible reasons why your department was over budget for the last 3 months:
Unauthorized use of overtime
An increase in the costs of supplies
Staff with improper training for the tasks that they complete
Too many managers on vacation at the same time
Inadequate facilities/space to complete the job
A flu outbreak that required temporary help while paying paid time off for full-time employees
You are asked to determine which of the factors on the list contributed to the overage.

Create a hypothesis that may help you frame a possible solution to the problem.

By Day 3

Post a minimum of 100 words to your choice of Discussion Question C.
Be sure to support your ideas by connecting them to at least one of this unit’s Learning Resources. Additionally, you may optto include an academic resource you have identified or something you have read, heard, seen, or experienced.

By Day 5

Respond to the posts of at least two different colleagues. One must be a response to a colleague’s post about the question you did not select. Respond in the one of the following ways:

  • Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
  • Expand on your colleague’s posting.
Optional Open Forum

Add anything that is interesting or notable based on your study of problem solving in this week’s resources, other resources, or your problem-solving experiences.

Submission and Grading Information
Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 2 Discussion Rubric

Post by Day 3 and Respond by Day 5

To participate in this Discussion:
Week 2 Discussion A

To participate in this Discussion:
Week 2 Discussion B

To participate in this Discussion:
Week 2 Discussion C

Optional Open Forum

To participate in this Discussion:
Open Forum

Write a brief description of the three key points in the evolution of social psychology you selected. Include one element of Lewin’s influence on situationism.

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Social psychology is considered by some to have begun in 1895 with the work of Norman Triplett (1897), who examined the impact of fellow cyclists on the performance of an individual cyclist. Triplett observed that the mere presence of other cyclists improved an individual’s performance. Since Triplett’s pioneering work, social psychologists continue to examine the powerful impact of situationism—that is, the importance of examining people’s surroundings when trying to understand individual behavior. According to one of social psychology’s founders, Gordon Allport (1954), “[S]ocial psychology is the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings.” According to Fiske (2014), there are five core motives for our behavior, which are the product of human interaction with our respective context: belonging, understanding, controlling, enhancing the self, and trusting.

For this Discussion, review this week’s media The History of Social Psychology and select three key points in the evolution of social psychology that you feel are paramount to the field. You must include one element of Lewins’ influence on situationism. Consider how situationism influenced the other key points you selected and how situationism might influence your current or future work setting. (Transcript of media is attached.

Write a brief description of the three key points in the evolution of social psychology you selected. Include one element of Lewin’s influence on situationism. Then explain one way situationism influenced the key points you selected. Finally, explain one way situationism might influence your current or future work setting.

More than 300 words, less than 800. APA format. Turn in on time.