I need help creating a thesis and an outline on Traffic Noise. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. For example in ancient Rome, chariots were banned from the streets at night because their wheels clattered on paving stones producing noise that disrupted sleep at night causing annoyance to the citizens. Horse-drawn carriages have also been associated with noise in cities. They were banned in some countries centuries after the chariots were banned in Rome. Noise from vehicles has been reported to cause 80% of noise pollution in major cities and urban centres. The organization for Economic Development and Corporation estimated that 37% of the total population in the U.S.A In 1980 was at risk of been annoyed by the increasing noise from the road traffic. The total miles of vehicular travel in the United States of America had annually increased at a rate of 3.1% growth from the year 1980 to the year 1996. In this regard, there was a suggestion of the increase in the number of people been annoyed by the increase in the level of traffic noise in the environment they were living in. This report was in accordance with the survey done by the department of transportation (DOT). As the population increases and as the sources of information become more powerful and numerous, exposure to noise pollution increases. There is increasingly valuable sources of traffic pollution in the highway, rail and the air traffic (Salvi et al, 2009). This has adverse effects in our homes, social places, in the workplaces and learning environments.

Traffic causes noise pollution with a wide range of health economic and social effects on human beings. This has concluded after intensive research by many professionals all over the world (Gärling, and L. Steg, 2010, pg. 47) It is an important environmental stressor in urban areas. This a great disturbance of sleep which results in major health effect. There is substantial inter-individual variance to the effects in reference to different individuals regarding the difference in the sensitivity of the noise.

You will prepare and submit a term paper on Michelangelo Battle of Cascina 1505. Your paper should be a minimum of 1250 words in length. It is evidently clear from the discussion that Michelangelo never concluded his work on the painting but only developed a cartoon version of the entire painting which was reproduced by numerous artists including his novice Sangallo. The painting particularly captured an episode in the war in which the soldiers of Florence were caught off guard taking a shower in a river as the Pisan’s launched an offensive against them. this symbolized a perfect opportunity for the artist to present his preferred theme: naked male. The origin of the painting was an order given by a powerful member of the Florentine government, Piero Soderini as a symbol of the Battle of Cascina that linked the Florentine state and Pisa which was eventually won by Florence. Therefore, the objective was to establish the memory of Florentine’s victory in the war that was definitive to the republic along with the war of Anghiari. Incidentally, both Anghiari and Cascina were crucial battles in the history of the republic whose triumph favorably positioned the nation in the vast region, the subsequent painting by Leonardo da Vinci representing Anghiari also served the purpose of entrenching the memory of the republic’s victories among the native citizens. Thus, Michelangelo’s Battle of Cascina 1505 portrayed on a wall in Palazzo Vecchio to depict the 1364 military confrontation in which thousands of Pisans were murdered and numerous others were taken captive signifying victory for Florence. In line with his style of painting, the artist seized the opportunity to depict nudity of the male body in a selected episode of the military conflict.