write an article on manufactring system/ course work Paper must be at least 500 words.

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Hi, I am looking for someone to write an article on manufactring system/ course work Paper must be at least 500 words. Please, no plagiarized work! a) Explain why rapid prototyping techniques can be usefully applied in the product design process leading to the manufacture of new products.

[5 marks]

Solution

Rapid prototyping can be used in the design and processing of products leading to the manufacture of new products because it allows the increase of the capability of visualization during the early stages of product design through the use of rapid physical models. Rapid prototyping also allows the detection of design flaws before the product is finally manufactured. The use of rapid prototyping also allows rapid creation of tools for the manufacture of physical prototypes. This allows for the saving of the time spent and cost incurred on the production of new products. Rapid prototyping also allows the customization of various products.

(b)

When designing a manufacturing system for a new product, a company has to decide between conventional manufacturing techniques with £12k tooling costs and £3 molding cost per part or rapid manufacturing with £400 computing costs and £23 fused deposition modeling cost per part. Make a sketch showing the relationship of these costs, calculate the break even quantity, BEQ, and recommend a production strategy for a quantity of 350.

[10 marks]

Solution

Fixed costs (FC) =400+23×350=£8450

Sales price per unit (P) =£24.14

Variable cost per unit (VC) =£23

The best strategy in this case is the rapid manufacturing with £400 computing costs and £23 fused deposition modeling cost per part.

(c)

Use a simple sketch of each process to compare and contrast the compression moulding and injection molding of polymers.

[5 marks]

Solution

a. The compression molding of polymers

a) This process is primarily dependent on: The amount of materials, the heating time, the force that is applied on the mold and the cooling time.

b) It has a low initial cost of set up

c) It is quick to set up

d) It is capable of handling large parts that are beyond the capacity of extrusion techniques

e) It allows molding of intricate parts

f) It allows good finishing on the surfaces

g) It produces fewer knit lines

h) Speed of production is not up to the molding standards

i) It is limited to flat and moderately curved parts that have no undercuts

b. Injection molding of polymers.

a) This process has issues with incomplete fillings, surface imperfections, burned parts and warped parts.

b) The process incurs low costs in mass production

c) It has a high precision

d) This process has geometrics that are only limited to the manufacturability of the mold.

e) This process incurs a high cost of setting up.

(d)

A flat plate 600mm x 400mm is to be compression molded. If the required molding pressure is 30MN per m2, calculate the press force required. If the press has two rams each of 300mm diameter, calculate the required pressure setting in Bar for the press hydraulic system relief valve.

[5 marks]

Solution

2.

(a)

Identify the five standard flow diagram symbols that can be used in the initial design and analysis of manufacturing systems. Use the symbols to produce a labeled, outline flow process chart for the manufacture of a pencil sharpener having either a plastic or metal body.

[10 marks]

Solution

The flowchart for the manufacture of a pencil sharpener

(b)

With reference to the International Rectifier Ltd MOSFET electronics manufacturing study, make a simple labeled sketch to explain how the three important functions of packaging an electronic component can be achieved. Include notes on three materials and three processes essential to the current global electronics manufacturing industry.

[15 marks]

Solution

1. The three technologies used in the packaging of electronic components include: Silicon wafer: This involves the testing of pads before they are packaged. The pad is tested and the time it takes to perform determined. Wafers are normally laminated on a tape on the back and then deionization is performed on the silicon wafer.

2. Wire bonding: Either aluminum or copper wires are used in bonding. This depends on the type of application. The wire is passed through an ultrasonic capillary and through a proper combination of temperatures and energy, a wire bond is formed.

3. Molding and solder plating: This process encapsulates the whole wire bond against exposure to contamination and other physical damages.

The materials used in packaging include:

a) Metals: This includes metals such as copper, aluminum, molybdenum and tungsten.

b) Ceramics: This includes aluminum oxide substrate that is modified with barium oxide and silicon oxide.

c) Polymers: This includes polymers such as epoxies, silica filled anhydride filled with resin and polyimide dielectric.

3.

(a) Give an example of A0, A4 and A10 manufacturing systems as defined by the Automation Classification Index and identify typical products that may be produced in each of them, either from a historical, contemporary or futuristic context.

[5 marks]

Solution

i. A0 manufacturing systems-Tailor made clothes

ii. A4 manufacturing systems- Mail sorting line

iii. A10 manufacturing systems-CAD/CAM system

(b) A vertical machining center has three axes of motion and the manufacturers sales catalogue includes the following specification information:

Repeatability +/- 0.0025 mm Drive motor 1.8 degree steps

Define the three axes using the Right Hand Rule and propose an assembly of machine elements that would achieve the repeatability shown above for one axis of motion in open loop control. Use a sketch to explain your design and show calculations throughout the chain of motion.

[8 marks]

Solution

There are basically three axes that exist in such a system which include:

a) The X axis: This is the primary feed axis

b) Y axis: It is aligned horizontal to the table

c) Z axis: It is aligned away from the work piece/ spindle axis

The sketch below is a proposed design of the above:

The design above has an origin set inside the machines grid system. The part of origin is established using a process known as work shift. Though work shifting, the parts of the design can be relocated depending on the axis of interest.

Given that:

F=14, df = 3.217 and P = 0.016.

r = S2A/(S2 + S2A)

S2A = (MSA – MSW)/n0

And no is the weighted average number of observation per group

so no = 2

N0 = [1/(a-1)] * [SUM(ni) – (SUM(ni2)/SUM(ni))

S2 = MSW = 0.257

S2A = (MSA – MSW)/n0 = (0.828 – 0.257)/2 = 0.2855

r = S2A/(S2 + S2A) = 0.2855/(0.257 + 0.2855) = 0.526

(c) Use a simple sketch to explain how the three main elements of a system for closed loop axis control would be related.

[4 marks]

Solution

The three main elements of the system include:

a) Controller: These are the ceilings and parameters set for the operation of the system.

b) Process: This involves the actual methods of processing that are unique in the system

c) Measurement: This is the feedback signal that gives signal to the process.

(d) A version of the machine is available fitted with linear optical gratings. Explain how this option would differ from rotary encoders. If the gratings were of imperial pitch 1/2500 inch, and fitted with a x4 multiplier reading head, calculate the repeatability of the machine in mm based on using grating positional information.

[8 marks]

Solution

Diffraction gratings are normally used in the dispersion of light. This means to spatially separate light that has different wavelengths. They have been used as a replacement for prisms in most fields of spectral analysis. On the other hand rotary encoder normally operates by measuring the number of rotations, the rotational angle, and the rotational position and translates this to either a digital or analogue signal.

Given that:

F=4 and P = 0.01016

r = S2A/(S2 + S2A)

S2A = (MSA – MSW)/n0

So no = 4

S2 = MSW = 0.176

S2A = (MSA – MSW)/n0 = (0.564– 0.176)/4 = 0.097

r = S2A/(S2 + S2A) = 0.097/(0.176 + 0.564) = 0.131

References

Mandel, J. , Repeatability and Reproducibility for Pass/Fail Data, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, JTEVA, Vol. 25, No. 2, March, pp. 151-153 (2007)., 1995.

Create a thesis and an outline on The Impact of Globalisation and Transnationals on the Local Economic Development of UK. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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I need help creating a thesis and an outline on The Impact of Globalisation and Transnationals on the Local Economic Development of UK. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. The process was interrupted and reversed from 1914 to after World War II’ (World Economic Outlook, 1997)

Globalization is a term ‘variously employed, even by experts within a single discipline. moreover, there is a substantial debate, not only about its definition, but also about whether it is actually occurring, its significance, and how it shapes our future’ [8]. At its most accepted form globalization ‘rests upon, or simply is the growth in the international exchange of goods, services, and capital, and the increasing levels of integration that characterize economic activity. in this sense, globalization, is only another word for internationalization’ [8]

The location and the description of an accurate description of globalization is not an easy task. In fact, there are numerous theories that have been stated in this field. From a first view, it has been noticed that ‘globalization means different things to different people’. Furthermore, it has been stated that globalization may have a broad and narrow interpretation. In its broadest sense, the term ‘encompasses all types of economic and cultural transfers between nations – including domination of the media and widespread use of the World Wide Web’ whereas in a narrower sense, ‘it refers to the economic exchange of goods and services internationally and international financial flows’ (Carr et al., 2001, 2). As for the economic aspect of globalization, this can be described only as a net of activities and events related to both the global and the local economies. In this context, it has been found (Carr et al., 2001, 2) that ‘global trade and investment patterns are having a dramatic impact on employment relations and work arrangements around the world but there is no single meaning of economic globalization for the global workforce’. It seems that ‘the impact can be both negative and positive and differs by context, by industry and trade, and by employment status’.

From another point of view, Guillen (2001, 235) considered globalization as ‘a process fueled by, and resulting in, increasing cross-border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture or as the decoupling of “instantiation” between space and time’.

prepare and submit a paper on eating for pleasure or profit: the effect of incentives on children’s enjoyment of vegetables.

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Your assignment is to prepare and submit a paper on eating for pleasure or profit: the effect of incentives on children’s enjoyment of vegetables. The role that this control condition played in the experiment was to provide a baseline for the analysis of child responses when external rewards were presented. The authors were also interested in several factors that contribute to the discrepancy between the tendency for rewards to increase acceptance in field studies on one hand, but the tendency of rewards to decrease liking in laboratory studies. Implicit in the design of their study, the researchers attempted to study the type of reward used, the initial liking, and the intended outcome of the study and whether those factors play a role.

To accomplish these tasks, the researchers used a cluster-randomized experimental design that arranged over 400 children into four conditions: an exposure plus tangible non-food reward, an exposure plus social reward, an exposure alone, and a no-treatment control group. Over 12 days, the children were presented daily with the exposure to a vegetable that children find objectionable in taste. Then, the children from the respective conditions were either given an additional reward or, for those in the control condition, left alone. The results measured from these tests of taste were collected at a one-month and a three-month point after the 12 exposures in order to examine the effects of the exposures on acquisition and maintenance of the taste. This research design was intended to either accept or reject the hypothesis that external rewards have a significant effect on changing children’s tastes for vegetables.

The children in the study fell in between the range of 4 and 6 years old and were randomly assigned to their conditions. To test each of the children individually, the researchers used a vegetable that the child rated in the middle of five other vegetables so that there was the potential of learning to enjoy the taste of that middle vegetable.&nbsp.

Create a thesis and an outline on Improving Employees’ Interpersonal Communication Competencies. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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I need help creating a thesis and an outline on Improving Employees’ Interpersonal Communication Competencies. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Quantitative research mainly considers numerical explanations or statistical measures. It is fundamentally applied as a systematic approach, based on which, research or investigation is performed with the help of employing varied statistical or numerical techniques to obtain firm evidence of the findings generated. The prime aim of quantitative researches is in most of the cases identified to employ a numerical/ statistical model and examine hypotheses in relation to the subject matter, which either leads to the rejection or acceptance of the assumptions taken. Irrespective of its wide differences with qualitative measures applied in a research study, the quantitative research approach is also deemed as effective in the fields of social sciences including psychology, sociology, history, economics, marketing, health, human development, gender along with political science and anthropology among others (Balnaves and Caputi 1-272).

The prime intent of this essay is to compare and contrast the methodology and procedures of the provided quantitative as well as qualitative journals with following the proposal outlines of Creswell and Earl Babbies. These journals include “Business Statistics and Management Science Online: Teaching Strategies and Assessment of Student Learning” of Sebastianelli and Tamimi (2011) as the quantitative journal and the qualitative journal “Improving Employees’ Interpersonal Communication Competencies: A Qualitative Study” of Hynes (2012).

The provided qualitative journal article has been broadly analyzed by following the factors that have been outlined in the proposal of Creswell. These factors have been discussed in detail in the following:

Introduction. In this particular journal, a qualitative approach to research methodology has been taken into concern. In terms of rationale, it can be affirmed that this particular research method has been selected for the research study in order to conduct a detailed analysis of the significant aspects of employee engagement and the key success factors of the US based organizations towards the attainment of their predetermined targets. Moreover, the study attempted to identify the importance of interpersonal communication with the aim of enhancing the factor of employee engagement.