Writing paper on the idea of a university by roger scruton

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I need some assistance with these assignment. the idea of a university by roger scruton Thank you in advance for the help! Scruton’s purpose, in this article, is to impress upon the readers that Newman’s ideas implied the creation of ideal gentlemen for the society in universities. however, the current educational institutions are far way away from producing ideal gentlemen. That is why. it is essential to create new universities that can implement Newman’s ideas, not necessarily in the physical space. Scruton through didactic tone conveys his readers the idea that existing institutions fail to manage transition from adolescence to adulthood (“The Idea of a University” par. 9): that is why. we need to find a better way where it is worth spending family savings on a four-year course (“The Idea of a University” par. 5).

Scarton in “The idea of a university” uses definition, cause/effect, and problem/solution as rhetorical modes of writing. He uses Newman’s concept to define the idea of his proposed university as cause and effect to validate his claim, and problem and solution to identify issues and provide the outcome. The structure of the essay is more like a presentation of a judicial case to the juries. in this case, the juries are readers. Scruton develops his arguments using the claim of value, claim of the cause, claim of definition and claim of policy. The claim of value, in this case, Newman’s concept of the idea of the university (logos). The claims of cause and definition describe why the current educational institutions fail to produce Newman’s ideal gentlemen (pathos). The claim of policy suggests building universities in the cyberspace and implementation of Cardinal John Henry Newman’s ideas in these universities (ethos).

All through the essay, Scruton’s uses deductive tone. He opens his claim by informing the readers who Newman was and how he envisioned the principal function of a University, “For Newman, a university does not exist simply to convey information or expertise. The University is a society in which the student absorbs the graces and accomplishments of a higher form of life.

the Big Bang explain ‘how we got here.

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Evolution, Religion, and Intelligent Design

Many people mistakenly believe that a belief in evolution precludes a belief in God or intelligent design; in other words, some people falsely think that one must be an atheist or agnostic to believe in evolution and the Big Bang. The Catholic Church is one example of a religious institution that has long held the view that evolution and the Big Bang explain ‘how we got here.’ Read the below article from the Catholic Herald, and then answer the following questions: Why do you think so many people are mistaken about the ability to believe in God as well as evolution and the Big Bang? Do you find anything problematic about combining religious and scientific explanations of the universe? Explain.
NB: In this discussion, students often misuse the word ‘theory’, saying things such as “the Big Bang/evolution are ‘just’ theories.” But to say this is a misuse of the word ‘theory’ as it applies to scientific theory. Many people misunderstand the word as it is used in the realm of science, thinking it to mean a guess, a hypothetical, untested idea. However, in science, ‘theory’ means something different. Please read the article below:

“Just a Theory”: 7 Misused Science Words – Scientific American
Article from the Catholic Herald
By Patrick Cusworth October 31, 2014
Pope Francis’s comments on the Big Bang are not revolutionary. Catholic teaching has long professed the likelihood of human evolution
Perhaps it was inevitable that Pope Francis’ comments on the Church’s position on scientific theories such as the Big Bang and evolution would cause a stir. In his address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the Pope cautioned against the image of God the creator as “a magician, with a magic wand”, arguing that belief in both theories around the beginnings of the universe and the birth of humankind are consistent with the Catholic faith.
“The Big Bang, which is today posited as the origin of the world, does not contradict the divine act of creation; rather, it requires it”, he stated. Similarly, he argued, “evolution of nature is not inconsistent with the notion of creation because evolution pre-supposes the creation of beings which evolve.”
Yet despite further murmurings that Pope Francis was beginning (yet another) revolution in Catholic doctrine, it must be pointed out – the Pope’s declaration on either theory has not broken with established Catholic belief in the slightest.
The Big Bang theory, originally hypothesised in 1927 by Jesuit priest and physicist Georges Lemaître, is based on the central proposition that the universe is continually expanding. As a preposition, the universe was originally contained within a single point, in a highly intense state of heat and density. As the universe began to expand it cooled, allowing the formation of subatomic particles, which began a series of physical cosmological processes, which led eventually to the known universe. While this has become the most commonly accepted explanation for the beginnings of the universe, many scientists have previously expressed an instinctive opposition to the notion of a beginning point, since this would represent a question which science could not answer – as Professor Stephen Hawking concluded in his autobiography, “One would have to appeal to religion and the hand of God to determine how the universe started off”.
Turning to Pope Francis’ comments on evolution, Catholic teaching has long professed the likelihood of human evolution – albeit with the proviso that this takes place under the guidance of the Creator, and that special creation of the human soul is performed directly by God. As Pope Pius XII stated in Humani Generis (art. 36): “the teaching authority of the Church does not forbid that, in conformity with the present state of human sciences and sacred theology, research and discussions… take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter – for the Catholic faith obliges us to hold that souls are immediately created by God”.
Pope John Paul II specifically endorsed this position in his own address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1996, declaring that since publication of the latter encyclical, “new findings lead us toward the recognition of evolution as more than a hypothesis… The convergence in the results of these independent studies constitutes in itself a significant argument in favour of the theory”.
While it is refreshing to see the Pope’s pronouncements upon matters scientific reaching and being welcomed by individuals not generally well disposed toward the Church, the implicit suggestion that Pope Francis has somehow brought about a radical change in the Vatican worldview is a misleading one. The Church has a centuries-long history of promoting scientific inquiry – long may it continue.
Works Linked/Cited:
Cusworth, Patrick. “Pope Francis’s Comments On the Big Bang are not Revolutionary. Catholic Teaching Has Long Professed the Likelihood of Human Evolution.” Catholic Herald. 31 Oct. 2014,
Pope Francis’s comments on the Big Bang are not revolutionary. Catholic teaching has long professed the likelihood of human evolution – Catholic Herald. Accessed 30 Apr. 2018.
Ghose, Tia. “’Just a Theory’: 7 Misused Science Words.” Scientific American. 2 Apr. 2013,
“Just a Theory”: 7 Misused Science Words – Scientific American. Accessed 22 Aug. 2018

write an article on What Makes a Theory.

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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on What Makes a Theory. It needs to be at least 1250 words. We can be sure about the validity of a theory on failure to disapprove of the hypothesis and that no other hypothesis can produce similar results. A theory does not enjoy immunity since it is possible to discard it if technological advancements allow for improved methods of experimentation that reveal the reality about the condition in the test. The question remains whether over the years. evolution continues to satisfy the condition described.

There are problems that inhibit anybody from validating evolution as a real scientific theory. To begin, there is an absence of direct and observable experimentation that one can perform regarding the theory. While scientists can measure and examine bones, decode DNA, study mutations, and discover similarities in the morphology of living organisms, it is impossible to test evolutionary events that occurred in the past. The idea that living organisms evolved over many years in the past is, therefore, a belief since it is impossible to conduct any test to prove or disapprove of it. Some scientists who support the evolution theory argue that ‘natural selection’ is an example of an ongoing evolution in the current times that over many years in the past caused the various transformations (Dobzhansky 125). However, the truth is that natural selection is only capable of acting on the genetic potential, which already subsists. Therefore, it means that what one can visualize from the natural selection cannot amount to a universal descent.

To continue, all the various tests conducted to verify the theory do not distinctively and necessarily, align to the view. Each of them contains an alternate as well as an explanation that is equally, viable. A valid theory requires that all the experiments conducted to confirm the theory must correspond to a single particular hypothesis (Carey et al. 514). Failure to meet this condition then means that the experiment is incapable of establishing legitimacy. The evolutionary idea does not have that legitimacy.

Facts invalidating the theory

The idea that living organisms evolved extracts most of its evidence from the process of natural selection.

Compose a 1250 words assignment on automated system for customs data acquisition.

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Compose a 1250 words assignment on automated system for customs data acquisition. Needs to be plagiarism free! Given the fact that supply chains involve crucial information about organizations, nations as well as individuals, it is a necessity to ensure the security of all the information. Large supply chains that include borders of different countries involve several agencies that share information among themselves. Such a process requires a strong system that would ensure the security of information. This research proposal is an attempt to provide a guideline regarding the research that will be conducted on the information security systems that are used by agencies like customs in various countries. The proposal includes details of research objectives, the possible structure of the literature review as well as the research methodology.

The main purpose of conducting this research is to identify and analyze the present information security systems that are used by various key players in the supply chains. Furthermore, the research is also aimed at finding out the alternative security system models that may be used. There may be several aspects or parameters based on which a particular security system model can be analyzed. This research will try to identify the relevant aspects before analyzing their role in the entire process. Major research questions are mentioned below –

It is found that ASYCUDA (Automated System for Customs Data Acquisition) is one of those systems that are widely used by important agencies that are involved in the global supply chains. Hence, this research will aim at gathering sufficient information about this system, its usage, advantages, and disadvantages. This will certainly be another main objective of the research. In addition to all these objectives, the research will also focus on identifying the requirements of changing the existing systems and having a new one that will be more efficient and effective. Hence, the following research question arises from these objectives.