Unit 4 Assignment

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SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS

This assignment deals with how the loanable funds market matches savers with borrowers and the impact of various market pressures on interest rates and money availability.

1. Explain how overall national savings is related to overall investment and why savings is always equal to investment. 

2. Explain the relationship between these two formulas:           

Y = C + I + G + EX – IM

S = (Y – T – C) + (T – G)

3. Explain how changes in interest rates will affect the amount of money that people save.

4. Explain how changes in interest rates and rates of return on various investment options will affect the amount of money that businesses are willing to invest to increase output.

5. Explain how the government’s tax revenue and government spending create either a budget surplus or budget deficit, and how does that difference affect the market for loanable funds?

6. Use the market for loanable funds shown in the accompanying diagram to answer the following questions.

 

Description: A graph showing the supply, in a red straight line rising to the right, and demand, in a straight blue line descending to the right, for loanable funds with the market interest rates on the vertical axis and money available on the horizontal axis. Initial equilibrium is at 8% interest rate and 300 million dollars.

a. Assuming there are no external controls on interest rates, what will be the likely results on quantity of money saved, on interest rates, and on additional business investment, if the government significantly increases its borrowing to fund its growing deficit spending?

b. At any given interest rate, a significant number of middle-class consumers decide to use their credit cards to fund additional purchases. Assuming there are no external controls on interest rates, what will be the likely results on quantity of money saved, on interest rates, and on additional business investment? Assume no change in government borrowing.

c. At any given interest rate, many major businesses become pessimistic about the future profitability of investment spending. Assuming there are no external controls on interest rates, what will be the likely results on quantity of money saved, on interest rates, and on additional business investment? Assume no change in government borrowing.

What keywords or combinations of keywords might help you find the relevant information here? Be sure to include details regarding how you might represent these words within the actual search box (using quotation marks, “and,” “or,” etc.)

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Throughout the course of your academic career, you will be asked to conduct research to support the assertions you make in papers, presentations, and projects. Sometimes getting at the material you will need is fairly straightforward, while other times the research process forces you to get a little creative in seeking out (and finding) the types of source material that will be most useful to you. This exercise will allow you to practice conducting different types of searches.

Choose two of the following scenarios. For each scenario you choose, answer each component as clearly and completely as possible.

  1. You are writing up your weekly responses for your COM106 course and want to respond to a classmate who discusses the need to use social media in a job search. You are not familiar with this phrase.
    1. Describe what sort of search you would conduct to help you in responding to this student and why. What search engine(s) or database(s) might you use and why? What search terms? How would you go about evaluating the credibility of the information you found?
    2. Please share three search results you found after conducting this search that you think would be the most helpful in responding to your fellow student. Give a brief summary of the content of each source and describe why you think it would be appropriate to use in this particular context.
  2. You are going to be writing a research paper for your ENG101 class on a social issue of your own choosing. You know that you have always been interested in the role addiction plays in the problem of homelessness, but you are not sure what credible research is available to support this connection.
    1. What sort of search might you conduct to help you get the information you seek and why?
    2. A search that deals with multiple components sometimes requires a few tries to get at the appropriate information. What keywords or combinations of keywords might help you find the relevant information here? Be sure to include details regarding how you might represent these words within the actual search box (using quotation marks, “and,” “or,” etc.)
    3. Please share three search results you found after conducting this search that you think would be the most helpful in supporting this connection. Give a brief summary of each source and describe why you think it would be appropriate to use in this particular context.
  3. You are putting together a presentation on the benefits of sports in the lives of children for your COM180 course. You think that your presentation would be much stronger if you were able to argue against some of the opposition to your point of view, although you are unsure where to find information that opposes your stance.
    1. What sort of search might you conduct to help you get the information you seek and why?
    2. How will you ensure that the sources you use are credible and reliable?
    3. Please share three search results you found after conducting this search that you think would be the most helpful in supporting the opposition’s point of view. Give a brief summary of the content of each source and describe why you think it would be appropriate to use in this particular context.

Compile your responses in a 2–3-page paper in Microsoft Word APA format

 Describe one specific strategy you might use or one example conversation you might have with him (in the form of a short dialogue) to help him change his sexual behavior. 

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Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resources on your own before you bid. Main references come from Murray, C., Pope, A., & Willis, B. (2017) and/or American Psychological Association (2014). You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. APA format also requires headings. Use the instructions each week to guide your heading titles and organize the content of your initial post under the appropriate headings. Remember to use scholarly research from peer-reviewed articles that is current. Please follow the instructions to get full credit for the discussion. I need this completed by 04/02/20 at 8pm.

Discussion – Week 6

Helping Clients Make Informed Decisions

According to the ACA Code of Ethics, the “primary responsibility of counselors is to respect the dignity and to promote the welfare of clients” (Standard A.1.a). Counselors also should be “aware of—and avoid imposing—their own values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Counselors respect the diversity of clients, trainees, and research participants and seek training in areas in which they are at risk of imposing their values onto clients, especially when the counselor’s values are inconsistent with the client’s goals or are discriminatory in nature.” (Standard A.4.b). Keeping both points in mind, counselors must sometimes help clients make informed decisions about behavior that is harmful to themselves and, potentially, others. Whether or not to use contraception is one potential area related to sexuality counseling for which counselors may need to inform clients about the potential risks.

Base your responses to this week’s Discussion on the following case study:

You are a counselor working in a college counseling center. You just completed your intake evaluation session with Josiah, a 20-year-old sophomore. Josiah was mandated to attend six counseling sessions after he received a citation from the campus police for underage drinking at a party sponsored by the fraternity to which Josiah belongs.

During the intake session, Josiah was very verbal and willing to share information about his background and current experiences. He shared with you that he frequently drinks six to eight beers or other alcoholic beverages at a time, typically every Thursday, Friday, and Saturday when he “parties with my friends.” He described this as normal behavior among his peer group, saying that this is “just how we unwind from all the stress of school every week.”

When you asked Josiah about his relationships and sexual behaviors, he stated that he has not had a steady partner since high school, saying, “People here just aren’t into long-term relationships.” He admitted that he typically “hooks up” with at least one or two partners each weekend, and when you asked him what he meant by that, he said, “Sex.” You asked if he uses any contraception in these sexual encounters, and he said, “No, I don’t like how they feel, so I won’t have sex if the other person would make me use one.”

You asked Josiah what his goals are for counseling and what he would like to change, and he responded, “Not much really. I like my life and have fun with all the partying we do here. I guess I need to learn to be a little more careful with my drinking since I got that police citation, but otherwise, I feel really happy with my life right now and can’t think of much that I really want to work on in counseling.”

With these thoughts in mind:

Post by Day 4

· an explanation of how you, as a counselor, might help this student make healthy, informed sexual decisions. 

· Describe one specific strategy you might use or one example conversation you might have with him (in the form of a short dialogue) to help him change his sexual behavior. 

· Explain why the strategy or conversation you described might be effective.

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.

Required Resources

Readings

· Article: American Counseling Association (ACA). (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4

· Article: Altshuler, A. L., Ojanen-Goldsmith, A., Blumenthal, P. D., & Freedman, L. R. (2017). A good abortion experience: A qualitative exploration of women’s needs and preferences in clinical care. Social Science & Medicine, 191, 109–116. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

· Article: Coast, E., Norris, A. H., Moore, A. M., & Freeman, E. (2018). Review article: Trajectories of women’s abortion-related care: A conceptual framework. Social Science & Medicine, 200, 199–210. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

· Article: Edwards, A., & Seck, M. M. (2018). Ethnicity, Values, and Value Conflicts of African American and White Social Service Professionals. Journal of Social Work Values & Ethics, 15(2), 37–47. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

· Article: Hoggart, L. (2015). Abortion Counselling in Britain: Understanding the Controversy. Sociology Compass, 9(5), 365–378. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Identify the informal fallacies, assumptions, and      biases involved in manipulative appeals and abuses of language. Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical      thinking.

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identify three (3) premises (reasons) listed under either the Pro or Con section – whichever section opposes your position.

. For each of the three (3) premises (reasons) that oppose your position on the issue, answer these “believing” questions suggested by Elbow:

  1. What’s interesting or helpful about this view?
  2. What would I notice if I believed this view?
  3. In what sense or under what conditions might this idea      be true?”

The paper should follow guidelines for clear and organized writing:

  • Include an introductory paragraph and concluding      paragraph.
  • Address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic      sentence and supporting sentences.
  • Adhere to standard rules of English grammar,      punctuation, mechanics, and spelling.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Identify the informal fallacies, assumptions, and      biases involved in manipulative appeals and abuses of language.
  • Create written work utilizing the concepts of critical      thinking.
  • Use technology and information resources to research      issues in critical thinking skills and informal logic.

Are Felon Disenfranchisement Laws a Form of Racial Discrimination?

Cons: (1)

Jason L. Riley, Editorial board member of the Wall Street Journal, stated the following in his Feb. 12, 2014 article “Holder (Hearts) Felons,” published in the Wall Street Journal:

“Blacks are disproportionately affected by felon disenfranchisement laws because a disproportionate number of blacks are felons. The problem is black criminality, not racist laws. White felons face the same voting restrictions, which date not to America’s post-Civil War period, as Mr. Holder suggested in his remarks, but to medieval Europe by way of ancient Greece and Rome. Indeed, many of the voter-disenfranchisement laws in this country were passed long before blacks could even vote…
The Obama administration would rather focus on white racism instead of black behavior. But before Republicans follow along, they might consider how these liberal policies impact the law-abiding members of the black community so often ignored by the left. Eliminating mandatory minimum sentences for drug dealers means that these thugs return to the ghetto sooner rather than later to raise hell. Similarly, re-enfranchising black felons gives people who broke the law the ability to dilute the votes of black people who followed it—the very same law-abiding blacks who in the vast majority of cases were the felons’ victims.”

Cons: (2)

Sam Reed, MA, Washington Secretary of State, stated the following in an Oct. 7, 2010 press release “Ninth Circuit Upholds Washington’s Felon Voting Ban,” available at the Washington State Office of the Attorney General website:

“We absolutely believe in civil rights and will continue to work toward equality in the criminal justice system, but at the same time, we firmly believe that it is appropriate and reasonable for society to deny voting rights to people who commit serious crimes… This has been the law in our state since 1866 and nearly every state in America has this sensible policy. There is clearly no [racially] discriminatory intent. It is about a reasonable sanction we impose based on the person’s decision to commit a crime.”

Oct. 7, 2010 – Sam Reed, MA 

Cons: (3)

Edward Feser, PhD, Instructor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College, stated in his Spring 2005 article “Should Felons Vote?,” published in City Journal:

“The frequently heard charge is that disenfranchising felons is racist because the felon population is disproportionately black. But the mere fact that blacks make up a lopsided percentage of the nation’s prison population doesn’t prove that racism is to blame.
Is the mostly male population of the prisons evidence of reverse sexism? Of course not: men commit the vast majority of serious crimes – a fact no one would dispute – and that’s why there are lots more of them than women behind bars.
Regrettably, blacks also commit a disproportionate number of felonies, as victim surveys show. In any case, a felon either deserves his punishment or not, whatever his race. If he does, it may also be that he deserves disenfranchisement. His race, in both cases, is irrelevant.”

Spring 2005 – Edward Feser, PhD