1. What are the primary principles of Universal Design and how can these be applied to various educational contexts? 2. What have you learned from reading the personal narratives about people with differing disabilities?

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Weekly Discussion

Please make sure to read the assigned Readings for Diversity and Social Justice, Section 6.  After you have gone through the material, please answer the following set of questions in a well-structured and comprehensive answer. Please make sure to address ALL parts of the question.

Required Text: Maurianne Adams; Warren J. Blumenfeld, D. Chase J. Catalano, Keri “Safire” DeJong, Heather

W. Hackman, Larissa E. Hopkins, Barbara J. Love, Madeline L. Peters, Davey Shlasko,

and Ximena Zúñiga, eds. Readings for Diversity and Social Justice. Routledge: 2018. 4th

edition.

Your answers should be at least 500 words (total for all parts of the question), and include 2-3 additional sources, beside the textbook.  The suggestions for additional sources can be found in the textbook; you can also include news sources.

5 Questions:

1. What are the primary principles of Universal Design and how can these be applied to various educational contexts?

2. What have you learned from reading the personal narratives about people with differing disabilities?

3. How does this social construction of disabilities impact institutional policies, and societal and individual behaviors regarding disabilities?  In other words, how have people with disabilities been marginalized in the past and present at those three levels?  Please be specific and provide examples to support your answers.

4. How do you feel when you see a person with a visible disability on the street, in a coffee shop, in a bank, in the classroom, etc. (feel free to include other places as well)?  Based on your feelings, what actions do you undertake?

5. In your assessment, how do your reactions, or lack thereof, to people with disabilities affect them?  In addition to your personal experiences, please use the personal narratives about people with differing disabilities (included in the Voices section) to supplement your assessment.

Introduction (this will have a well-defined purpose statement in your intro paragraph that provides guidance to the reader about what you are going to cover in your paper)

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Assignment Instructions

First, select a newer scholarly journal article (no older than 2015) relevant to the course regarding the psychological impact of a Weapon of Mass Destruction attack on the population.  Then conduct an article review of that article. It must be related to the course or course materials. The intent is for students to do some external research away from the provided references and find an Article in the Library. Students should search the library’s online databases, such as ProQuest, EbscoHost, and others, to find scholarly or peer-reviewed articles.

Additionally, the review of the journal article is an evaluation of the article’s strengths, weaknesses, and validity. It is used to inform of the article’s value through your explanation, interpretation, and analysis. As you do this, ask the major questions that are central to the review process:

1. What is the purpose of this article?

2. Why is it important to investigate or examine the subject of the article?

3. How are the authors carrying out the task? Are their methods and comments appropriate and adequate to the task?

4. What do they claim to have found out? Are the findings clearly stated?

5. How does this advance knowledge in the field?

Hint: These would make really good section titles for your paper.

Writing Guidance:

  • The paper should be no less than 5 pages for the body of your work, double spaced (cover and reference pages are required – note that they are not factored into your page count).
  • Appropriate writing requirements using APA style formatted citations and compiling a complete reference list in accordance with the APA guidance are part of the requirement.
  • Use scholarly or other relevant sources. Your article selection will be part of the grade.
  • No abstract is required.
  • Save your work as a Microsoft Word document entitled ‘YourLastNamewk#.doc’ (i.e., Smith1.doc) and upload this document as your assignment.

Your work should consist of:

  • Introduction (this will have a well-defined purpose statement in your intro paragraph that provides guidance to the reader about what you are going to cover in your paper)
  • Body (feel free to use sub-headings if necessary)
  • Conclusion (this wraps up the key points of your work and brings your paper to a logical conclusion)

STYLE AND CONVENTION:

  • All written submissions should be submitted in a font and page set-up that is readable and neat. Students will follow the APA 6 Style as the sole citation and reference style used in written work submitted as part of coursework.
  • Additionally, the attached rubric will be used to grade your papers.
  • Typewritten in double-spaced format.
  • Times New Roman styles in 12-point font.
  • Page margins Top, Bottom, Left Side and Right Side = 1 inch, with reasonable accommodation being made for special situations and online submission variances.
  • Complete an appropriate page header with page number for each page.
  • Create an appropriate title page.
  • Points will be deducted for the use of Wikipedia or encyclopedic type sources. It is highly advised to utilize: books, peer reviewed journals, articles, archived documents, etc.
  • The paper need to be a minimum of 5 complete pages for the body of your work (not including the title and works cited pages in the page count). Points will be deducted if the minimum page requirement is not met accordingly.

. Was it ethical to do the prison study in the way that Zimbardo conducted it?  Why or why not?  Explain your position substantively.

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Before responding to the questions below, click on the “Lessons” link on the left and complete the Week 7: Topic 1 – Social Psychology lesson. After completing the lesson, return to the forum here, click the “Post New Conversation” link at the top Week 7 Forum screen, and respond to the following questions.

One of the most famous psychological experiments of all time, was conducted by Dr. Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University. To read more of the details of this experiment, visit http://www.prisonexp.org. Take some time to watch the video on the Zimbardo Prison Experiment by clicking here. After reading about the experiment, exploring the website and watching the video, answer the following:
1. Was it ethical to do the prison study in the way that Zimbardo conducted it?  Why or why not?  Explain your position substantively.

2. What social psychological constructs did the study reveal? Would the same information have been learned if the study had been conducted differently? If yes, how might you adapt the study to address ethical concerns and still obtain results relevant to our understanding of behavior in social settings?
3. How do the social psychology concepts of conformity and the power of the social situation that we are studying this week relate to what happened during the brief period of time that the prison study ran.  Where in the description of how the study unfolded did we see evidence of these concepts?

Read the attached, then read these to comments and respond to each with a minimum of 100 words.

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Read the attached, then read these to comments and respond to each with a minimum of 100 words.

1.

Subjectivism is the idea that all morals and ethics are equal and that none are better nor worse than theirs.

“Subjectivism holds that: (1)  no human person’s moral system is better than any other human person’s moral values; (2) each human person is free to choose the moral values and ethics, in which she/he believes; (3) no individual, human being, acting in a personal capacity, may impose his/her moral value systems on another human being” (Week 2 Section 2.2).

So what does it mean if subjectivism was the only truth in the world and what we called right was right and what we called wrong was in fact wrong. First, the pros of subjectivism would be greater world peace as all societies and cultures would understand that others have their right to believe they are right. Improved international relations would occur as societies would be more understanding of flexible rights and wrongs. Lastly, this would incorporate religion into the picture and hopefully reduce hostility and extremist groups that result from interpretations of what is right and wrong.

In contrast, with subjectivism, the world might struggle to maintain order. It would struggle to protect life and liberty for the individual. Just as John Stuart Mills advocates that right and wrong, laws vs. no laws should only come to fruition to safeguard the life and liberty of other individuals. Meaning, if it does not threaten others, it should not be an issue whether morally or ethically right or wrong. Another negative impact of subjectivism is no universal code exist, and many individuals may not appreciate that other societies act in specific ways. Meaning, in turn, it could promote hostility rather than curb it.

In the favorable light of subjectivism, we enable other individuals, society’s, and cultures to have their own opinions of right and wrong. It is not the place for people to come together to decide what is right and wrong, as many of those attributes depend on how the society is functioning and often times the primary religion of that society. Meaning, it may be acceptable in one society to allow birth control while in others it may not be. It promotes a world of understanding and peace and flows into sovereignty and allowing states to manage to their cultures and societies.

Although, on the other hand, if everything was universally accepting we as citizens in the United States might have to accept of certain morals and ethics from specific cultures inside the country that occur outside the country. In other words, polygamy would have to be deemed as their right and not subject to the interpretation of a right or wrong act. In the example provided, Carla disapproves of unmarried couples having sex, and she considers lobbying for stronger laws to punish individuals for sex outside of marriage. In subjectivism, this should be an acceptable behavior within a society. Perhaps a religion promotes or condones this behavior; nonetheless, subjectivism holds true that individuals will determine what is right and wrong.

Concerning our society in America, and that we are a democratic republic, the people essentially hold the power. As citizens get to elect those that believe what they think is right and wrong, it, in turn, affect our national policy and therefore subjectivism can have a tremendous impact on a nation, society, and culture.

Respond with 100 words or more

2.

The moral theory of subjectivism states that an individual is free to assign what is moral to him/her. Individuals are not bound by the same moral compass as their neighbors and each is free to do whatever they like as long as what they, as an individual, believe they’re doing is moral.

Let’s say that Bob likes to rip the wings off of living butterflies and he finds nothing wrong with it. If subjectivism is in play, Bob’s actions are completely okay because Bob likes doing it and sees nothing wrong with it. Let’s say Bob’s friend Jack notices what he’s doing to those poor butterflies and voices his concerns to him. Since right and wrong are subjective in this theory both parties are right in their actions; Bob is right for ripping off the wings and Jack is right for speaking up. From this, there is no resolution because no one is in the wrong. If cultural relativism was in play and Bob lived in a society where the mutilation of living things was viewed as an unsavory thing to do, Bob would be in the wrong regardless of whether he liked the action or not.

At first I thought that if subjectivism was the true moral theory it would  just lead to chaos, but I read the snippet in this week’s eReading that stated all opposing sides deciding what is right and wrong would basically agree to disagree. (Richard Jacobs, 2018) “Simple subjectivism, then, is deficient because being tolerant skirts the type of dilemmas that ethics seeks to resolve, namely, deciding what is the right thing to do”. Perhaps a plus side to subjectivism is that everyone is their own person and can truly choose to live how they want.

Respond with 100 words or more