Describe why the invention is unique to your aged children, why it is age appropriate, any precautions about the toy (not suitable for? And why).

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For this 20 point Exercise I would like you to choose one of the 4 Stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Development. Describe the Stage in depth and then create a board game, sport related game, video, cartoon or toy for children in the age group and Stage you chose to study in depth. Your invention must be original. Use your imagination and have fun with this assignment. Be creative.

Explain the reasoning behind your toy or game based on the abilities and the limitations of your age group. Describe why the invention is unique to your aged children, why it is age appropriate, any precautions about the toy (not suitable for? And why). Use the language of the Cognitive Stage you are working from.

For example if I were inventing a toy for a child in the sensorimotor stage I might be cautious about the size and shape of my invention as in this stage children are testing things in their mouth and a danger could be of swallowing a small object.

You will be graded on the following:

1. Choose one of the Stages of Cognitive Development and Describe the stage in depth (5 pts)

2. Create an Original Toy, Board Game, Sports Game, video, cartoon based on the Cognitive Stage you chose.  Draw a picture, create a video, in some way describe and show me your new invention (10 pts)

3. Explain the reasoning behind your toy or game, video, cartoon, etc based on the abilities and the limitations of your age group. Describe why the invention is unique to your aged children, why it is age appropriate, any precautions about the toy (not suitable for? And why). Use the language of the Cognitive Stage you are working from. (5 pts)

· Expand on your colleague’s posting by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

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Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resource on your own before you bid. One of the references must come from Broderick and Blewitt (2015). I need this completed by 02/04/18 at 3pm. Respond to at least two of my colleagues using one or more of the following approaches:

· Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

· Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

· Expand on your colleague’s posting by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

1. (B. Smi)

After completing the Five Factor Personality Test, my results were as follows: Factor I: Extraversion (Surgency), Factor II: Agreeableness (Friendliness), Factor III: Conscientiousness (Dependability), Factor IV: Neuroticism, and Factor V: Openness (Culture/Intellect).

Factor I

Buchanan (n.d.) declares that Surgency is a descriptor for behavior in social settings. Those who score high in this trait are very outgoing while those who score low are more reserved, introverts.. My score was ranked at about average. I can’t say that this score was accurate or inaccurate because I believe I can be an even split. If I am unfamiliar or uncomfortable with the setting, I can be reserved and observant.

 

Factor II

 

Friendliness is described by Buchanan (n.d.) as a trait that displays how an individual treats others. I believe this to be true as I firmly believe in treating others with respect at all times. I am very cognizant about pleasantries and politeness: please and thank yous, eye contact, and respectful tones. The associated characteristics for this trait are identified as trusting, friendly, and cooperative. I would say I am each of these. Over time, I’ve that it takes much more time and energy to be mean, angry, or spiteful. There is also no benefit to that behavior when others are going on about their lives. In addition to this, I know how it feels to be treated poorly and I’d rather not spread that around. I would much rather throw glitter than coal. My score, 29, is ranked as relatively high.

 

Factor III

 

Conscientiousness is describes a person’s ability to be organized and persistent in accomplishing their set goals. Also a trait that manifested over time. I’ve always enjoyed learning but found high school a bit too easy. Therefore, college was a bit of a shock because I had to learn to study for the first time ever. Now, I am all about planning, time frames, and setting goals that are attainable and realistic. I believe I favor mother in this trait as she has always preached to that I be a woman of my word. It was always her expectation that I did what I said I would do and if I could not, it needed to be discussed. My score in this factor, 44, is categorized as relatively high, depicting me as well organized and dutiful.

 

Factor IV

 

Neuroticism concerns a person’s frequency in experiencing negative emotions. Like most people, I have a few negative thought about myself when I feel disappointed or that I could have done better at something. However, this is not a frequent occurrence. I agree with my score of 13, which is marked as relatively low.  In the past I had a lot of negative self talk. I remember reading once that they way parent’s speak to their children is the reoccurring voice in their head. I firmly believe this. I struggled with my body image a lot in school and college even wearing size three jeans because I was often told I needed to lost weight and eat less. An increase in self-love and taking over my views of my body decreased past emotional distress. I would say I am more relaxed and less emotional.

 

Factor V

 

The trait of openness, within the FFPT,  depicts a person’s ability to be open-minded and interested in culture. My high score of 31 indicates my likeliness to be creative and imaginative. Buchanan (n.d.) insists similar individuals also seek out cultural and educational experiences. This score is spot on as I love art !!! I literally just received two paintings for my apartment from a friend of mine. I believe in art and its ability to help those who are different and express themselves differently. In addition to this, I sometimes assist a great friend of mine in creative direction for his photo shoots. I also co-founded a blog in which I discussed topics related to non-millennial millennial. Lol

 

Two Experiences

 

An experience that impacted my development until adulthood was the way I viewed myself. I was very active in high school: cheerleading, dance team, and working part-time. I wore single digits in jeans but I was never small enough for my mother. I carried that insecurity about my body with me for most of my life. It took some therapy and a lot of “undoing” for me to unlearn the negative self-talk. I’d come so self-conscious I’d talk about my weight before anyone else could to beat them to the punch. However, this undoing also helped me deal with negativity. I was bullied in high school for trivial things. I knew they weren’t true but the pain was very real. As a young adult I’ve decided not to take on other people’s stuff. Through life experiences and educational materials, I’ve learned that sometimes project onto others or reflect their unhappiness by lashing out at others. I have made my personal views of self a priority.

 

Another experience that has impacted my development was the notion to preserve. My dad is an Army vet and always believed “if there’s a will, there’s a way.” He didn’t believe there was just one route to anything. Implementing that style of thought has helped me through a number of things. There isn’t just one way to be educated, happy, or loved. An example of this could be taken from my workplace values. I work for the Department of Human Resources, assisting individuals in finding jobs and furthering their education. If I cannot find the necessary information, I’m willing to search all systems, send emails, and annoy my teammates to help that person out. I do not believe in trying something once and becoming defeated. I’ve carried this attitude with me in all areas of life.

 

Summary

 

I believe that the FFPT results were spot on in the assessment of my traits and behaviors. While my Surgency can vary, it is accurate in the sense that I can be both outgoing and reserved. I believe that my childhood traits and lessons have followed me into adulthood. However, I also believe traits can change and evolve as the person does. Finally, I believe a large part of my ability to change is influenced by Factor V: which is my ability to be open, imaginative, and creative.

References

Buchanan, T. (n.d.). Five factor personality test. Retrieved March 10, 2013 from http://www.personalitytest.org.uk/

2. (A. Wit)

Personality traits are relatively stable over the lifespan, but they are also influenced by life stage development and life events. Thirty-five years ago, mental health researchers found they could narrow down measurable personality traits into five categories: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015).  These personality traits are often referred to as the “Five Factor Model” or “the Big 5”.  The Five Factor Personality Test (FFTP) is an online modification of the International Personality Item Pool (INIP).  Both tests are used to rank individuals within the five personality trait categories (Buchanan, n.d.).  Such tests can be used to analyze stability and change in personality traits over time (Specht, Egloff, & Schmukle, 2011).

My FFTP scores

Factor I- Extroversion- 27- about average

Factor II- Agreeableness- 26- about average

Factor III- Conscientiousness -39- relatively high

Factor IV- Neuroticism- 18- relatively low

Factor V- Openness- 23- relatively low

My scores on the FFTP were predictable in some categories and surprising in others.  The most surprising score was Factor I-extroversion.  I ranked about average.  This is surprising to me because I would describe myself as an introvert.  Although I am adept in social situations, I highly value time alone.  I prefer listening and observing unless I feel confident in making a point.  In factors II-V including agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness, my scores were predictable.  My highly conscientious traits include a preference for planning over spontaneity and co-dependent behaviors such as being overly responsible for myself and others.

Influences on personality development in childhood and adulthood

Despite the stability of personality traits over time, major life events can influence a person’s rank in any of the five factors (Specht, Egloff, & Schmukle, 2011).  Major life events may include normative milestones or unpredictable situations.  One normative life event that has influenced my personality was becoming a parent.  I would expect that my score in the conscientious category would be lower before parenthood.  I had three children in the span of five years.  The responsibility of caring and nurturing three young children trumped a spontaneous lifestyle.  Non-normative events that have influenced my personality were the divorce of my parents in middle adulthood and later my own divorce.  In the period immediately following both divorces, I suspect that my neuroticism would have ranked much higher than it does today, and higher than it was as an adolescent.  My current low-level of neuroticism is a poignant indicator of the stability of personality traits from childhood through adulthood, even if they can vary in response to life events.

Manifestation of personality traits

My scores in the FFTP are reflective of who I am today, in this moment.  For example, I scored relatively low in openness.  High scorers in openness are creative, imaginative, and seek out cultural experiences, whereas low scorers are down-to-earth and practical (Buchanan, n.d.).  I tend to gather details and analyze.  I like to do research and math!  Although I am very open and willing to explore spiritually, I value tangible facts.  Another example of the manifestation of traits is my cooperative approach to working with others and my above average agreeableness score.  I live in a small rural community.  I was raised to put trust in my neighbors and expect that most people were allies rather than opponents.

Summary

Counselors should adopt a multidimensional approach to lifespan development.  Although personality traits are relatively stable over the lifespan, they can be influenced by normative and non-normative events.  Using the FFTP assessment can help clients develop an awareness of the quality of life (Buchanan, n.d.).  This assignment has helped me to identify levels and manifestations of my extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness.

References

Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2015). The life span: Human development for helping professionals (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education

Buchanan, T. (n.d.). Five-factor personality test. Retrieved March 10, 2013. Retrieved from http://www.personalitytest.org.uk/

Specht, J., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2011). Stability and change of personality across the life course: The impact of age and major life events on mean-level and rank-order stability of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), 862–882

Readings

· Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2015). The life span: Human development for helping professionals (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

o Chapter 13, “Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, Personality, and Social Development” (review pp. 478-525)

o Chapter 14, “Living Well: Stress, Coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood” (pp. 526-555)

Diehl, M., & Hay, E. L. (2010). Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood: The role of age, self-concept incoherence, and personal control. Developmental Psychology, 46(5),1132–1146.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Henning, P. B. (2011). Disequilibrium, development, and resilience through adult life. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 28(5),443–454.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Ong, A. D., Bergeman, C. S., & Boker, S. M. (2009). Resilience comes of age: Defining features in later adulthood. Journal of Personality, 77(6),1777–1804.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Pufall-Jones, E., & Mistry, J. (2010). Navigating across cultures: Narrative constructions of lived experience. Journal of Ethnographic & Qualitative Research, 4(3), 151–167.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Specht, J., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2011). Stability and change of personality across the life course: The impact of age and major life events on mean-level and rank-order stability of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), 862–882.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Sutin, A. R., Costa, P. T., Jr., Wethington, E., & Eaton, W. (2010). Turning points and lessons learned: Stressful life events and personality trait development across middle adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 25(3), 524–533.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Buchanan, T. (n.d.). Five factor personality test. Retrieved March 10, 2013 from http://www.personalitytest.org.uk/

Media

· Laureate Education (Producer). (2013e). Middle adulthood [Video file]. Retrieved from CDN Files Database. (COUN 6215/COUN 8215/HUMN 8215)
In this week’s media, you will examine the family member aged 30–65.
Note: Please click on the following link for the transcript: Transcript (PDF).

· Laureate Education (Producer). (2013h). Perspectives: Middle adulthood [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 3 minutes.
This week’s presenter discusses the impacts of family, career, and sexual orientation in middle adulthood.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Evaluate your chosen peer-reviewed articles summarizing each and explaining how the research design described could be useful for designing original research on your topic.

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I attached the questions so you can see table of contents

Research Methods Literature Review

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, review the qualitative and quantitative research designs encountered so far in this course.

For your literature review, you will select one design from each of the following categories.

 

Category

Non-experimental

Quantitative   experimental

Qualitative

Mixed methods

 

Designs

Descriptive
Archival
Observational
Correlational
Survey research

Pretest-posttest   control group
Posttest-only control group
Solomon four-group

Ethnography
Phenomenology
Grounded theory
Narrative
Participatory action research (PAR)

Explanatory
Exploratory
Triangulation
Parallel

Visit the Research Methods research guide in the Ashford University Library and search the databases for a minimum of one peer-reviewed journal article published within the last 10 years about each of the research designs you selected. The articles must not be research studies using the designs. Instead, they must be about how to conduct a study using the design. Examples of acceptable articles for this assignment are listed at the Suggested Articles tab in the Research Methods research guide.
In your paper, briefly outline the topic you selected for your Final Research Proposal in Week One and apply the scientific method by suggesting both a specific research question and a hypothesis for the topic. Evaluate your chosen peer-reviewed articles summarizing each and explaining how the research design described could be useful for designing original research on your topic. Compare and contrast the paradigms or worldviews inherent in the methodology associated with each research design. Apply professional standards and situate yourself as a researcher by identifying which of these approaches best fits with your worldview.

The Research Methods Literature Review

· Must be four to six double-spaced pages in length (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

· Must include a separate title page with the following:

o Title of paper

o Student’s name

o Course name and number

o Instructor’s name

o Date submitted

· Must use at least four peer-reviewed sources published within the last 10 years.

· Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

· Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Explain two unintended consequences of the War on Drugs. Explain whether or not you believe society has benefited from the War on Drugs and why.

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We will not gain the upper hand in the war against drugs until we shift the focus of our efforts from a supply-side battle in distant corners of the world to a demand-side battle at home. Victory will only come if we reduce the demand for drugs through stronger legal sanctions, education, treatment, and a radical change in community values. The current drug culture has its roots in the permissive attitudes of the 1960s, which glorified the use of both marijuana and hard drugs, and in the condoning of the “casual” use of drugs today. Unless we reach children early with knowledge of the consequences of drug use, and unless we reverse the tolerance and even glamorizing of drug use in the popular culture of Hollywood and the rest of the entertainment industry, we will stand no chance of winning the war on drugs.
—Richard Nixon

The above quote is significant for that fact that former president Richard Nixon was the first United States president to use the term “War on Drugs.” With this utterance a new era in criminal justice began that shifted a great deal of focus to attacking a multi-pronged social issue from the stance of law enforcement, the courts, and prisons. This week, you consider the War on Drugs and whether or not it has been successful.

Many early examples of attempts to eradicate drugs exist such as the Chinese opium laws, the Marijuana Tax Act, and Prohibition. In the last century, certain policies were re-implemented that history had already demonstrated were unable to achieve the desired effect.

It could be argued that the War on Drugs of the 1980s has had the single greatest effect on the American criminal justice system. These policies arguably had a greater impact on the social, political, and economic criminal justice reality in the name of deterrence and rehabilitation. For this Discussion, you examine unintended consequences of the War on Drugs and whether or not society has benefited from this war.

Post by Day 3: Explain two unintended consequences of the War on Drugs. Explain whether or not you believe society has benefited from the War on Drugs and why. What are the potential international implications of the War on Drugs? Describe the necessary strategies to remedy these issues.

  • Jones M., & Johnstone, P. (2011). History of      Criminal Justice. (5th ed.) New York, NY. Routledge.
    • Chapter 18, “Law Enforcement Professionalism and       the Establishment of a Criminal Justice System” (pp. 316-336)
  • Reiman, J., & Leighton, P. (2017). The rich      get richer and the poor get prison: Ideology, class, and criminal justice (11th      ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
    • Introduction, “Criminal Justice Through the       Looking Glass, or Winning by Losing” (pp.1–10)
    • Chapter 1, “Crime Control in America: Nothing       Succeeds Like Failure” (pp. 11–63)