Read the article “Organizational Behavior: Affect in the Workplace.” Consider the production of moods and their consequences in a workplace such as Walden Sports.

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Attitudes color every aspect of people’s everyday lives. Attitudes certainly affect an employee’s work life and organizational success. One of the major job attitudes is job satisfaction. The job itself may have qualities or factors that contribute to an employee’s job satisfaction or dissatisfaction; hours, pay, environment, culture, and the amount or type of work all play a role. Other factors can include the quality of social aspects of the workplace environment, such as employee relationships and support. Virtual work can have an impact on job satisfaction, as it may affect social relationships due to reduced face-to-face interaction.

In this Discussion, you will explore job attitudes at play at Walden Sports and come up with ways to measure them.

To prepare for this Discussion:

  • View Introducing Walden Sports, Inc. found in this week’s media Learning Resources. Assuming the role of a consultant, identify job satisfaction problems within Walden Sports and think about data you may need to collect in order to better understand those problems.
  • Read the article “Organizational Behavior: Affect in the Workplace.” Consider the production of moods and their consequences in a workplace such as Walden Sports.
  • Read the article “Understanding Job Satisfaction in the Causal Attitude Network (CAN) Model.” Compare the measurement of job satisfaction models and how that can support your choice of data collection strategy. See Appendix B, the “Detailed Methods” section, on page 28.

One paragraph that communicates the background of your topic  touching upon the relevant research surrounding this topic. This  paragraph will provide the context of this topic.

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  1. One paragraph that describes your topic.
  2. One paragraph that communicates the background of your topic  touching upon the relevant research surrounding this topic. This  paragraph will provide the context of this topic.
  3. One paragraph that describes how this topic aligns with your  specialization and provides a rationale for the inclusion of the  research topic in your specialization.
  4. One paragraph that provides a rationale for investigating this topic from a qualitative perspective.
  5. Using the research question examples found in the unit  introduction as a guide, write a research question based on this topic  which is aligned with each of the five methodologies. (In other words,  write five research questions and indicate which methodology each  question represents.)

Use at least ten references from recent and appropriate academic  sources (peer-reviewed journal articles or texts written by  methodologists) to support this assignment.

 

Kirrane, M., Breen, M., & O’Connor, C. (2018). A qualitative investigation of the origins of excessive work behaviour John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1111/joop.12203

Lawson, K. M., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2015). Links between family gender socialization experiences in childhood and gendered occupational attainment in young adulthood. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 90, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.07.003

Mazzetti, G., Schaufeli, W. B., Guglielmi, D., & Depolo, M. (2016). Overwork climate scale:

Psychometric properties and relationships with working hard. Journal of Managerial

Psychology, 31, 880–896. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-03-2014-0100

Mazzetti, G., Schaufeli, W. B., & Guglielmi, D. (2014). Are workaholics born or made? Relations of workaholic with person characteristics and overwork climate. International Journal of Stress Management, 21, 227–254. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035700

Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16, 15–31. https://doi.org/

10.1177/1094428112452151

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Toward a psychology of optimal experience. Flow and the

foundations of positive psychology (pp. 209–226). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer

Netherlands.

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Oerlemans, W., & Sonnentag, S. (2013). Workaholism and daily

Recovery: A day reconstruction study of leisure activities. Journal of Organizational Behavior,

34(1), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1796

Andreassen, C. S.,&Pallesen, S. (2016). Workaholism: An addiction to work. The Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, 3, 1–12.

Wayne, J. H., Casper, W. J., Matthews, R. A., & Allen, T. D. (2013). Family-supportive organization Perceptions and organizational commitment: The mediating role of work– family conflict and enrichment and partner attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 606–622. https://doi.org/

10.1037/a0032491

Spurk, D., Hirschi, A., &Kauffeld, S. (2016). A new perspective on the etiology of workaholism: The role of personal and contextual career-related antecedents. Journal of Career Assessment, 24

(4), 747–764. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715616127

What possible impact might this type of assessment have on research related to gender? (Note: You should not disclose your own test score.)

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Research from the past century has claimed empirical support for many different hypotheses–that men and women are fundamentally different because of biological reasons; that social influences (cultural factors) are the cause of male-female differences; and that men and women are not very psychologically different at all. Literature reviews and meta-analyses attempt to parse the truth by identifying in research alpha bias, which is the tendency to exaggerate differences, and beta bias, which is the tendency to minimize differences.

Central to an examination of alpha and beta bias related to gender is a concept called androcentrism. This term refers to the practice of placing masculinity or the male gender at the center of a worldview, thus rendering it the “norm.” Feminine or other gender perspectives become, by definition, “other.” Androcentrism may be unconsciously incorporated as the paradigm through which perceptions and judgments are made, influencing research when subtle biases of the researchers or research designs go undetected.

In this Discussion, you will explore potential causes and effects of alpha and beta errors and their impact on research related to gender.

To prepare

· Take the Gender Traits Test in this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on your results.

· Based on the results and on information presented in this week’s Learning Resources, think about how these results may minimize or exaggerate differences between masculine and feminine traits. Examine Figure 4.1 in your course text for a visual representation of the distribution of differences.

By Day 4

Post an explanation regarding how assessments such as the Gender Traits Test relate to alpha and beta errors. Does this type of assessment overemphasize or minimize differences between masculine and feminine traits? What possible impact might this type of assessment have on research related to gender? (Note: You should not disclose your own test score.)

Readings for this week discussion question; Helgeson, V. S. (2017). Psychology of gender (5th ed.). New York, NY: Taylor and Francis.

  • Chapter      4, “Sex-Related Comparisons: Observations” (pp. 121–154)

Hare-Mustin, R. T., & Marecek, J. (1987, August). Gender and the meaning of difference: Alpha and beta bias. In R.T. Hare-Mustin & J. Maracek (Chairs), The future of difference: Representations of gender in psychology. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, New York, NY. Symposium contribution retrieved from the ERIC database (Accession No. ED292002).

Bem, S. L. (1997). Transforming the debate on sexual inequality: From biological difference to institutionalized androcentrism. PTN – Psychology Teacher Network, 7(3), 2–4. doi:10.1037/e511152010-002

Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581–592. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581

Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581–592. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581

Androgyne Online. (2012). Gender traits test. Retrieved from http://www.afifthofnothing.com/gendertest.html 

Describe the independent variable and the corresponding levels and the dependent variable and the level of measurement.

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  • Here are the requirements for the Research Proposal (1,250 to 1,500 words). Include 8-10 scholarly, peer-reviewed sources within the last five years:Title Page, Abstract page, and References page in APA format (10%). Please refer to the APA style guide regarding the difference between an abstract and an introduction.

    Introductory section (20%): This is the longest section of your paper. Begin with an introductory paragraph that states the purpose of the paper. Then, go into detail on your literature review. Begin with a general review of your topic and move to specific studies that are similar to your proposal. Show how your proposal is different from what has been done before. Build to a paragraph that includes your hypothesis (-ses).

    1. Develop your problem statement.

    2. Develop a hypothesis on the topic you selected.

    3. Include the hypothesis you submitted for Topic 3 DQ 2 (Online) or sent to instructor (Onground). Use the feedback you receive from the discussion forum to revise your hypothesis if necessary.

    Body of the Report:

    1. Method section (20%): This part has four sections (each of which is a subheading): (a) Participants– Explain how many participants will be involved in the study. What will be their relevant characteristics (age, gender, race, etc.)? How will they be recruited? Provide additional information to for clarity; (b) Apparatus/ Materials/ Instruments– What materials or instruments will be used in the experiment? What ingredients will you need to run your study (tests, gadgets, paper/ pencils, etc.)? Clearly state if the instrument is self-created or used in a previous study; (c) Procedure– Provide a clear description of all procedures to be followed in the study. Will there be groups? Will there be manipulation to control variables? Provide the steps of the study in chronological order for the reader. Write in the conditional tense since the study will not be carried out; and (d) Design– Briefly explain the design of the experiment and why that is the best design for your study. (e.g., correlational non-experimental design, between-subjects, within-subjects, or mixed experimental design). Describe the independent variable and the corresponding levels and the dependent variable and the level of measurement.

    2. Results (20%): This section may be combined with the Discussion section. Include a paragraph describing what statistic will be used (e.g., t-test, ANOVA, correlation, chi-square), how many degrees of freedom, alpha level (choose .05), and critical value. (Do not create fake results.)

    3. Discussion (20%): Include at least four paragraphs: (a) Describe what it would mean if significant results were obtained. Then describe what it would mean to obtain nonsignificant results; (b) Discuss how the study will follow APA ethical guidelines by discussing the use of an informed consent form, debriefing statement, deception, and obtaining IRB permission; (c) Discuss any limitations in the study (e.g., possible confounding, lack of random assignment or random sampling, etc.); and (d) Conclude with a discussion of future studies that could arise from the present study.

    References: Include at least 8-10 scholarly, peer-reviewed sources published within the last 5 years.

    Appendices: Include two figures, OR two tables, OR a table and a figure (10%). A table consists of columns and rows of numbers or text, and a figure is anything else (chart, map, graph, etc.). For example, set up a table focusing on participants, include your individually created survey, use/cite tables from a previous study, refer to Chapter 14 summary table, include Informed Consent figure and/or Debriefing Form figure. If unsure, contact your instructor for confirmation of appendices.