Argumentation and Advocacy

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I need each question answered in 150 words each. Also, I want each reference listed with each questionMODULE 1DQ1Aristotle described argumentation as the following: “For to a certain extent all men attempt to discuss statements and to maintain them, to defend themselves, and to attack others.” Aristotle’s description of argumentation represents his view of how argumentation is a part of who we are as human beings. Do you agree or disagree with Aristotle’s viewpoint? Explain why. How has his viewpoint played a significant role in the historical development of argumentation?DQ2Find a blog that presents and defends an argument within one of its posts. Write a paragraph evaluating the arguments as either inductive or deductive. Provide the blog link in your paragraph response. Why do you think identifying these different elements in an argument is important?STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapters 1 and 2 in Introduction to Logic.Read “Ways of Knowing and Willingness to Argue” by Schommer-Aikins & Easter, from Journal of Psychology (2009). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=36525661&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “Developing Face-to-Face Argumentation Skills: Does Arguing on the Computer Help?” by Iordanou, from Journal of Cognition & Development (2013). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=87512075&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “The Language of Argumentation” by Taylor, from Science Teacher (2013). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=88164181&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “Principles in Persuasion: Beyond Characteristics of the Speaker” by Bradshaw, from Jury Expert (2012). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=79746133&site=ehost-live&scope=siteView “For Argument’s Sake” by Cohen, from TED Talks (2013). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=96349&xtid=56620Read “Persuasion” from Mosdell, from Key Concepts in Public Relations (2009). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sageukpr/persuasion/0?institutionId=5865Read “Chapter 1: Nature of Argumentation” by Besnard & Hunter (2008). URL:https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?ppg=16&docID=3338790&tm=1528414595722View “Public Speaking—Informative and Persuasive Speeches” from Films on Demand (2012). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=96349&xtid=117906MODULE 2DQ1When watching or reading the news, what fallacies do you see people make most often in their arguments?DQ2Identify a fallacy you used in a recent discussion with another person. Why did you use that fallacy and how can you address the concern without the use of the fallacy?STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapter 4 in Introduction to Logic.View the Fallacies media piece to increase your knowledge of fallacies. URL:http://lc.gcumedia.com/phi105/fallacies-website/fallacies-website-v1.1.htmlRead “Fallacies” by Cohen, from The Essentials of Philosophy and Ethics (2006). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/hodderepe/fallacies/0?institutionId=5865Read “Part IV – Of Fallacies” by True, from Elements of Logic (1860). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-16649-004&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “Fallacy” by Iannone, from Dictionary of World Philosophy (2001). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/routwp/fallacy/0?institutionId=5865Read “Worldview,” by Margas & Margas from Encyclopedia of Identity (2010). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/topic/world_views?institutionId=5865Read “Fallacies of Logic: Argumentation Cons” by Shaprio, from ETC: A Review of General Semantics (2007). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=23943093&site=ehost-live&scope=siteMODULE 3DQ1Find an example in society of a dispute that is (1) based on the ambiguity of language and (2) is not a genuine dispute. Point out the differences and propose how to resolve the dispute.DQ2Take a term that is related to a social issue you are personally interested in and clearly define it. For example, defining a right vs a privilege in the debates on health care. Comment on another student’s post by seeing if you can find an exception that is excluded from the definition given.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapter 3 in Introduction to Logic.Read “The Rules of the Syllogism” by Jevons, from Elementary Lessons in Logic (1912). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2009-01796-015&site=ehost-live&scope=siteView “Logic: The Structure of Reason” from our Films on Demand collection. URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=96349&xtid=32714MODULE 4DQ1Examine an argument made in public and translate its conclusion to show one of the four standard-form categorical propositions (A, E, I, or O). Does the conclusion follow from the premises? Why or why not? Second, if its premises are true, what else can you infer about the conclusion? Analyze.[Note: Remember that standard-form categorical propositions use affirmative or negative “to be” verbs (e.g., is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) in its copula to set up a connection between two classes — the subject (S) and the predicate (P).]DQ2As you are learning about propositions and contradictions, write out a view that you hold on a social issue in propositional form (A, E, I, or O). What is the logical contradiction to your view? Identify a specific group that advocates the contradiction of your viewpoint.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapter 5 in Introduction to Logic.MODULE 5DQ1Using an argument from an organization you found, create the logical contradiction for the organization’s position. Be sure to properly label the quality and quantity of the propositions.DQ2How would you communicate with someone who holds a different view than yourself in a way that is logically sound but does not deny the human dignity of the other person?STUDY MATERIALSReview Chapter 5 in Introduction to LogicRead “Effective Argumentation in a Culture of Discord,” by Cioffi, from Accounting Education News (2005).  URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=18996145&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “The Argumentative Structure of Persuasive Definitions” by Macagno & Walton, from Ethical Theory and Moral Practice (2008). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/881372107?accountid=7374Read “This Is Like That: Metaphors in Public Discourse Shape Attitudes” by Landau & Keefer, from Social & Personality Psychology Compass (2014). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=97332918&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “Reflection and Reasoning in Moral Judgement,” by Paxton et al., from Cognitive Science (2012 URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=70249521&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “The Structure of a Manipulation Argument” by Tognazzini, from Ethics (2014).  URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=92959039&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “Arguing to Learn and Learning to Argue: Design Justifications and Guidelines” by Jonassen & Kim, from Educational Technology Research & Development (2010). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=51313070&site=ehost-live&scope=siteMODULE 6DQ1Why is it important to understand how a syllogism functions when it comes to doing advocacy work?DQ2Provide an argument in affirmation of the topic: It is better to protect privacy over security. Your response should be at least 250 words long and include at least one source found using resources available from the school’s library or online.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapter 6 in Introduction to Logic.Read “Deduction as Verbal Reasoning” by Polk & Newell, from Psychological Review (1995). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9508100500&site=ehost-live&scope=siteRead “Deduction/Induction” by Carr, from Key Ideas in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language (2009). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/edinburghilpl/deduction_induction/0?institutionId=5865Read “Induction” by Brewer and Brewer, from The A-Z of Social Research (2003). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sageuksr/induction/0?institutionId=5865Read “Deduction” by Brewer & Brewer, from The A-Z of Social Research (2003). URL:https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?ppg=111&docID=3308243&tm=1528418776279Read “Chapter 6, Influencing Through Induction” from pages 91-106 of Influencing Through Argument, by Huber, Snider, & Lawrence (2005). URL:https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?ppg=111&docID=3308243&tm=1528418776279Read “Chapter 7, Influencing Through Deduction” from pages 109-132 of Influencing Through Argument, by Huber, Snider, & Lawrence (2005). URL:https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/gcu/reader.action?ppg=129&docID=3308243&tm=1528419322293Read “Deduction as Verbal Reasoning” by Polk & Newell, from Psychological Review (1995). URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9508100500&site=ehost-live&scope=siteMODULE 7DQ1Research an argument in the realm of apologetics and evaluate the syllogism given (e.g., the transcended argument for the existence of God). Translate the argument into a standard-form categorical syllogism with a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion that contains a major term (predicate) and a minor term (subject). Make certain the major term, minor term, and middle term are connected by an affirmative or negative copula that uses “to be” verbs (e.g., is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) in both premises and the conclusion.DQ2Find an argument against a position you hold. This can be in the realm of politics, religion, art, etc. Identify the form of the argument and state whether it is valid or invalid. Then, provide a response.STUDY MATERIALSRead Chapter 7 in Introduction to Logic.MODULE 8DQ1When you are asked to construct an ethical argument, what do you consider that to mean? Explain and discuss with other whether there are objective or subjective standards for ethical arguments.DQ2Find an outside source that argues for some specific ethical standards in its argumentation. Translate it into a syllogismSTUDY MATERIALSReview Chapter 7 in the textbook.Read “Martin Buber,” from the Jewish Virtual Library. URL:http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Buber.htmlView “Evidence in Argument: Critical Thinking” from our Films on Demand database. URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=96349&xtid=49816

 

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Consumer product – nutrition | Physics homework help

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Nutrition Class:

The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate an electronic advertisement in a way that the student becomes a more critical consumer. The advertisement will be evaluated by comparing the claims made in the ad to scientific evidence and research findings.

The ad: https://www.humnutrition.com/product/62/counter-cravings

Assignment Format

The following explains how to structure your paper.

  • Page 1: Title page with the product name/advertisement   
    Pages 2 to 4 (or 5): Consumer Product Analysis
    This section contains your analysis of both the ad itself and the product advertised.  Evaluating the ad itself is very important however the primary purpose of this paper is evaluating the product and whether there is research to support its’ claims.  The paper should be 3-4 pages. You should comment on the positive aspects (praise) and the negative aspects (criticism) of the ad. Your analysis should be in paragraph form, and critical comments should be well developed and substantiated (cited) by the research studies you use for this assignment. When discussing scientific articles to analyze the product, do NOT use direct quotes or copied material from the scientific articles. Instead, paraphrase the information in your own words and cite appropriately in APA format. In the text of your paper, the author & year of the scientific source should be indicated. When more than two authors are cited, “et al.,” may be used as per APA format (however, remember to include all names on Reference Page.). See example below:
    According to Maughan et al. (2013), creatine supplementation has been shown to significantly increase total body mass in subjects over a 4-week period.
    When discussing the advertisement or product description, you may make limited use of short quotations (<40 words) from the ad or product description, but they should be in APA format and cited properly with page numbers, and author/year.
    When critically evaluating the advertisement, comment on the text, and use of color and graphics. You need to include comments about all of the following questions:
    • Who appears to be the intended consumer?
    • What techniques are used to draw the attention of the reader? Are they successful or not? Again, consider wording, terminology, graphics and more.
    • Is the ad straightforward and factual? Explain.
    • Is any important information omitted that should be disclosed to the consumer?
    • What gimmicks are used to sell the product? Were the gimmicks successful?
    • When critically evaluating the product, incorporate responses to all of the following questions but do not limit your critique to the questions below.  This product evaluation should make up the majority of the paper. 
    • Is the use of this product supported by scientific evidence? If so, are there any conflicting results among various studies? Do the subjects’ age, health condition, fitness level, etc. match those for whom the ad is directed? Were there limitations and/or flaws in these studies? Describe the studies, in your own words, to defend your statements and give evidence for or against the claims made in the ad.
    • What, if any, contribution would the consumption or use of the product make to the nutrient intake, physique, or fitness level of the intended consumer?
    • How much does the product cost? Could some less expensive product be used to obtain the same results? If so, what?
    • What hazards/adverse effects might be associated with the use of this product? Are there any conditions (e.g., medical, age-related) that would contraindicate the use of the product?

The Consumer Product paper is aimed to analyze the product and provide research studies to demonstrate support, or lack thereof, of the product’s claims. This might necessitate a detailed discussion of the study if relevant to the product directly. You should avoid summarizing the studies independent from one another and the product.

Page 5 or 6:  References

This is a separate page and should be headed “References” at the top center of the page.

List the source of the advertisement, and alphabetically list the references used to support your evaluation. Do not alphabetize “within” each reference by changing the original order of authors. However, alphabetize your order among the various references, using the last name of the 1st author of each reference. 

You may use the course textbooks. However, in addition, you must use at least 3 other reliable (peer reviewed) journal references to support your analysis. References need to be current (published within the last 10 years) and must be cited in the evaluation. Give the full publication information of each reference used, including all author(s), title of article and journal or title of book, year of publication, volume or edition, and page number(s).

Indentation – Although the current Publication Manual advises standard (five spaces, first line) indentation for the reference list, this is primarily designed to make typesetting easier; the typeset version will have hanging indents (first line flush left, following lines five spaces indent). We recommend for this paper that you use hanging indents for enhanced readability. We have formatted our sample references list with hanging indents.

Capitalization – Capitalize only the first word of book titles and articles and the first word after a colon. However, for name of journals, capitalize first letter of all major words.

Punctuation – Use a comma to separate:

  • Surnames from initials
  • A journal title from volume number
  • A volume number from page numbers
  • When given, an issue number from page numbers
  • (Ed.) from book title
  • City of publication from state

Spacing – All entries (the entire page) should be double-spaced. 

References should be completed in American Psychological Association (APA) format. See examples below.

Journal article:

Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazetti, S. A., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., & Kraemer, W. J. (2000).  No effect of heavy resistance training and creatine supplementation on blood lipids. International Journal of Sports Nutrition, 10, 144-156.  doi:134-5678-321

Book (other than first edition):

Whitney, E., & Rolfes, S. (2005). Understanding nutrition (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Article or chapter in edited book:

Eiser, S., Redpath, A., & Rogers, N. (1987).  Outcomes of early parenting: Knowns and unknowns. In A. P. Kern & L. S. Maze (Eds.), Logical thinking in children (pp. 58-87). New York: Springer.

Electronic Reference (see note of caution below):

Mack, G. W., & Bergeron, M. F. (May 30, 1997). Hydration and physical activity: Scientific concepts and practical applications. Retrieved from: http://www.gssiweb.com/hydr.html

Quality of References:  Acceptable references include any reliable, professional, nutrition, physical education, sports medicine, or scientific journal or book.  Unacceptable references include popular magazines (e.g., Runner’s World, American Health, Prevention, Muscle and Fitness) or popular books (The Zone Diet, 50 Ways to Stay Fit on a Busy Schedule, Total-Life Exercise Book).  If you are unsure of the reliability of a reference, check with your instructor!  Refer to the syllabus for a partial list of acceptable periodicals and on-line resources.

You may contact our reference librarian to make an appointment at the library for help in using the databases and searching for appropriate references.  See the course syllabus for contact information.

Use of WWW pages: The World Wide Web (The Internet) is an unmonitored, un-refereed source of information. Consequently, information may be accurate or inaccurate, and each page must be judged for accuracy and reliability. Authoritative web pages are written by individuals with appropriate credentials (e.g., Ph.D., R.D., M.D., etc.) and should cite references used to write the page. Pages that are sponsored or maintained by the seller of a product are most often biased toward the product and should be read with this in mind. We highly recommend that you only use journal articles (or articles coming from professional sources). Again, if you are unsure of the reliability of the source, check with your instructor.

General Paper Form and Style Guidelines:

Your paper must:

  • Be written in narrative, paragraph format, typed and double spaced
  • Be written in the 3rd person (do not use first or second person, such as “we”, “I” or “you”)
  • Be written in the past tense when describing the research study
  • Not use direct quotations or copied material from the scientific sources
  • Be in a font size that is New York Times 12 point or similar size (easy to read)
  • Be left justified (do not right justify/align, which centers the text)
  • Have 1-inch margins all around
  • Have numbered pages
  • Be submitted in the manner requested by your instructor

Grading rubric: 

Format/appearance/organization/complete information APA format

References (number and quality)

Use of references in paper (appropriate citations for all references)

Quality of writing (syntax, grammar, spelling)

Critical evaluation of advertisement (text, color, graphics)

Critical evaluation of product (how claims of ad relate to scientific evidence)

DQ ? Wk 4 PSY303

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Controversy: Culturally Bound Syndromes and Symptoms
You must successfully complete the “Dissociative, Somatic Symptom, Schizophrenia, and Neurocognitive Disorders” quiz before you will be allowed to post in this discussion forum. Before you begin working on this discussion, please read the article by Wen-Shing (2006) as well as the “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists,” and review any relevant Instructor Guidance.
For this discussion, you will enter into another conversation on an ongoing controversy and contemporary issue regarding abnormal psychology. Specifically, are there psychological syndromes and symptoms that appear only in certain cultures?
 
Because this topic is not covered explicitly in your course textbook, it is absolutely essential to read the Wen-Shing (2006) article, guidelines 1, 2 and 5 from the “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists,” and your instructor’s initial post before responding.
As you enter into this conversation, carefully consider the historical information you read regarding the discovery and identification of symptoms and syndromes that could potentially be bound to specific cultures. Then, take a moment to relate this historical background to the current ethical, clinical, and social considerations when working with individuals from diverse backgrounds. Interpret specific symptoms and syndromes as they relate to abnormal behavior from a culturally sensitive standpoint. Be sure to integrate knowledge of any appropriate cultural considerations psychologists must be aware of when working with individuals from backgrounds dissimilar to their own.
Again, the goal of this discussion forum is to have a single dynamic and respectful conversation about culturally bound symptoms and syndromes, not a series of 20 to 30 separate conversations. This means every post should be in response to another post. Your instructor will be posting the initial thread to which you will respond. Only start a new discussion thread if you want to address an entirely different theme or question(s) within the discussion subject area. Additionally, only post after first carefully reading what all the others within the thread have written.
 
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suraya only need help assignment

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