Short paper: analysis of documentary film rbg

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Background

Ruth Bader Ginsburg was the second woman appointed as a justice to the U.S. Supreme Court. She was appointed to the court in 1993 by President Bill Clinton and served until her death in September 2020.  Ginsburg successfully fought against discrimination throughout her legal career.  She was a rarity in Harvard Law School: one of nine women among a class of 500 men. She excelled in her studies at Harvard but transferred to Columbia Law School when her husband took a position in New York. She graduated first in her class from Columbia Law in 1959.

As the director of the influential Women’s Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union during the 1970s, she successfully argued six significant cases before the Supreme Court. In those cases, she fought against gender discrimination for both men and women. She was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia by President Jimmy Carter in 1980. And served as a judge on that court until her appointment to the Supreme Court.

Throughout her career, her strategy was to make slow but steady progress against discrimination. She attacked specific areas of discrimination and violations of women’s rights. She believed that it was the responsibility of Congress and state legislatures to enact major changes; it was the responsibility to tell the legislatures what they are can and cannot do. She believed social change should be the responsibility of the legislatures with guidance from the court system.  

When the Supreme Court hears a case, the justices review the information and generally take manyl months to make a decision in the case.  As the cases are decided, the justices who are in the majority write a “majority” opinion explaining the court’s decision. Frequently, those who disagree with the majority write a dissenting opinion stating their opinion on the issue.

During her years on the Supreme Court, Ginsburg wrote many opinions either in support of the majority opinion or as a dissent of the majority’s decision. As more conservative Justices were appointed to the Supreme Court, Ginsburg has increasingly disagreed with the majority opinions. She often wrote dissenting opinions expressing her thoughts on a decision and became known as “The Dissenter.” Ginsburg was a formidable intellect and a powerful voice in the Supreme Court.

Instructions

The following is a 90 minute documentary film on the life and work of Justice Ginsburg. RBG was released in 2018. Watch the film then write an expository essay about the film answering the following prompts. Do not refer to any outside sources.

  • As a student, a lawyer and a judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg overcame many obstacles. How did her personal and early professional experiences lead to her focus on arguing sex discrimination cases?
  •  How did Justice Ginsburg’s dedication to ending discrimination continue in her role as Supreme Court Justice? Select one case that was discussed in the film to illustrate that your point.

The essay should be between 500 and 700 words, using correct grammar, punctuation, paragraph structure. Once again, do not refer to any outside sources for this assignment.

The rubric used in grading this assignment is available by clicking on the three vertical dots at the top of this page.

The Lawyer of Glass ;Miguel de Cervantes

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QUESTIONS:

  1. What do we know about the origins of the protagonist? What is his name and what does his name suggest?
  2. What about the first bosses? How does his life change?
  3. Thomas meets a captain, and his life changes course again. How? What does the narrative tell us from the outset about the difference between what the captain tells and the reality of life as a soldier?
  4. What happens to Thomas in Italy?
  5. Thomas returns to Salamanca to finish his studies. But what happens there? What is the effect of the spell?
  6. Thomas’s friends try to help him, but in the end they let him “go free”. What happens to Thomas then? How does he speak, what things does he say?
  7. Towards the end of the novel, a religious cures Thomas of his madness. What happens to Thomas now (notice the name change) in court?
  8. What does Thomas say about the Court? Where does he go in the end? (theme of weapons and letters)

Sample Solution

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Female faculty at Delaware

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  1. Female faculty at Delaware have raised concerns over gender discrimination by the administration. At their request, the Dean pulled salary data for one department and found that females in the department were making on average $5,000 per year less than their male counterparts. Note that this scenario is fictitious, as are all data to be presented.

a. Formally state the hypotheses that would be reasonable to test for this concern of gender discrimination. Explain your reasoning.

b. If we use a t test to evaluate these hypotheses, should it be an independent samples test, or a paired test? Why?

c. Suppose we conducted the appropriate t test, which produces a p value of 0.017. State in plain English what we might conclude from this test.

d. Suppose the test in question b produced a p value of 0.392. State in plain English what we might conclude from this test.

e. If we fit a regression model to this data using additional variables, and it turned out that there was a significant interaction between gender and years of experience, how should this be interpreted? Please answer in plain English, as if speaking to someone with no statistical background.

f. Suppose that the p value of the test in question b is statistically significant. Explain why this information, by itself, would not prove that the administration is discriminating on the basis of gender.

  1. This question relates to central composite designs (CCD).

a. When in the sequential experiments process would we typically run a central composite design? Why?

b. What additional information do we obtain from central composite designs, relative to factorials or high-resolution fractional factorials?

c. From which types of points in the design do we obtain the additional information noted in question b (center points, factorial points, etc.)?

d. For what reasons do we typically include center points in central composite designs? Hint: there is more than one reason.

e. I plan to run a central composite design in 5 variables, and want to save experimental effort. I am considering running a 25-1 for the factorial part of the design, instead of a full factorial. What is your advice for me about this – does it make sense to you or not? Assume that I plan to fit a full quadratic model with all main effects, all two-factor interactions, and all quadratic terms. Justify your answer.

f. Suppose I run the 25-1 mentioned in question e for the factorial part of the design. Assuming I run the rest of the central composite design using the standard approach, including 4 center points, how many points would be in my final design? Explain your answer.

g. Explain in a few sentences the steps I would take to manually create the factorial part of the design – the 25-1 – utilizing Table 8.14 of the Montgomery text.

  1. I have run a full factorial design involving two discrete variables, A at 4 levels, and B at 5 levels. I have replicated the design once, i.e., I have two runs for each combination of these two variables. Further, I blocked the design by replicate; that is I ran the first replicate in Block 1, and the second replicate in Block 2. I randomized the order of runs within each block.

a. Write down the ANOVA table – just sources of variation and the associated degrees of freedom. Explain your answer.

b. Assume we did have the data, and could calculate the sums of squares, mean squares, and F ratios. Conceptually, what pattern would I expect to see in the set of mean squares if the null hypotheses concerning A, B, & their interaction were all true? That is, how would you expect these mean squares to compare to one another? Why?

c. What pattern would I expect to see in the set of mean squares if the null hypotheses concerning A, B, & their interaction were all false? Why?

d. What does the mean square error represent? Please be specific in your answer; for example, do not say “variation” – this is too general.

e. Suppose the null hypotheses about A, B, AB, etc. are false. How might this affect the mean square error? Please explain your answer.

  1. Compare these two types of screening designs: the 2k-p fractional factorial designs (n= 4, 8, 16, 32, etc) and the Plackett-Burman designs that are not a power of two (eg, n= 12, 20, 24, 28, etc).

a. What is similar about these two types of designs? (Hint: It involves their balance and orthogonality properties.)

b. What is the main difference between these two types of designs? (Hint: It involves how they are affected by two factor interactions.)

Sample Solution

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The stress-strain and curvature of the mid-plane

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QUESTION 1
Using the stress-strain and curvature of the mid-plane in sections of a thin plate parallel to XZ and YZ planes, write the Equations for the Stresses in X and Y directions. Explain all the terms in the expressions.
QUESTION 2
A uniform load of 4KN/m2 is applied at the center of a spherical plate, fixed at the edge, of radius 1m thickness 3mm. Determine the deflection caused at the center by this load, using the given expressions. Take E for steel to be 205kn/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio ν as 0.3.
Fixing moment, M = (-pr^2)/8, Flextural Rigidity,D = (Eh^3)/12(1-ν^2 ) and deflection w = (pr^4)/(16D(1+ν))

Sample Solution

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