assignment applying theory to gender development

There are several perspectives on how humans develop gender. Older perspectives that emphasized biological differences between males and females have given way to newer perspectives that account for the roles of both biology (e.g., hormones) and environment. When psychologists refer to the environment, they mean the social factors or socialization agents such as peers, family, school, and media, through which a person comes to understand and develop a gender identity. Although many perspectives are in agreement that socialization agents influence gender development, they differ in their conceptualizations of how, why, and to what degree this occurs.
These perspectives have been studied and formulated into theories. Freud led the way with psychoanalytic theories of gender development, suggesting early unconscious drives were the foundation of gender development. Social learning theories are founded in reinforcement and observational models suggesting that gender development is learned. Cognitive development theories suggest that gender differences develop by observation of gender consistencies, gender schemata, or gender scripts within a culture. Whatever the theory, gender roles differ in different cultures.
In this Assignment, you will analyze the gender development of an individual through the lenses of two gender development theories. You will also evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of the two theories in explaining the individual’s development.
To prepare

Consider the key socialization agents (culture, family, school, peers, media, or other societal influences) that influence gender development.
Consider the theories presented in the Learning Resources (biosocial theories, psychoanalytic theories, social learning theory, and gender-schema theory) and select two to use for this Assignment.
Interview an individual you know or complete a self-analysis regarding the key socialization agents (influences) in this person’s or your life regarding gender development. Use the questions in the document “Gender Analysis Questions” in this week’s Learning Resources to guide your interview or self-analysis.

Write a 2- to 3-page paper in which you do the following:

Briefly introduce the individual you interviewed (or yourself), including the person’s gender identity.
Summarize the key gender development socialization agents for this individual.
Identify the two theories you selected, and briefly summarize how each would explain the individual’s gender development.
Explain the relative strengths and weaknesses of each theory in explaining the gender development of the individual.

 
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Long-Range IT Plan Focusing on Innovation

For this assignment, you’re a senior IT manager at Reynolds Tool & Die. You have been asked to write a 3-page plan detailing how you will create a culture of innovation in IT operations and integrate IT innovation into long-range strategic planning. Your proposal should include recommendations for specific technology innovations, and explain how you expect these innovations to drive business success over time.

This assignment requires you to analyze the company’s goals; analyze how IT innovation can contribute to those goals and how the current environment might be able to support innovation. After you have completed your analyses, you will synthesize all of this information into a long-range IT plan focusing on innovation. Specifically, your plan needs to address two things:

 

1. What IS innovations can you propose that align with the strategic long-range plans of both IT and the organization?

 

2. How can you create a culture of innovation within your IT organization?

Headings should be as follows:

I. Long-range, Innovative Solutions Planning

Consider this a wish list. What innovative technologies will you propose to help Reynolds accomplish its long-range goals? For example, does artificial intelligence have a place in the organization? Big Data? What about next generation cloud technologies? How will mobility (related to mobile devices) fit into your planning?

II. Creating a Culture of Innovation in the IT Organization

In order to implement creative solutions, you need an innovative team. Going forward, you’ll want to hire the right people and train them the right way. You already have staff who have been doing things a specific way, and you need to create a culture of innovation throughout the organization. How will you do that? Some areas to address are:

i. IT Staffing and Training

Does your current staff have the right skill sets? What skill sets will they need to add in order to be innovative? What are the potential budget considerations for ongoing training?

 

ii. R&D

Can you make the case for research and development (R&D) within Reynolds’ IT organization? R&D isn’t synonymous with product development; it’s a function tasked with pursuing forward-thinking, innovative strategies, even strategies that the business doesn’t expect to pay off in the short term but hopes will pay off eventually in the long term.

Course Scenario

Reynolds Tool & Die

Reynolds Mission Statement

“We are committed to providing our customers quality products with the highest engineering standards.”

Reynolds Vision Statement

“We are committed to achieving our goal of being a market leader for engineering solutions and will investment in technical innovation. Our desire is to continue to expand our markets, our technical competence, and our intellectual curiosity to serve our customers.”

Additional Information

Reynolds Tool & Die is an automotive component manufacturer supplying suspension pieces and technology to both other suppliers and major U.S. and foreign manufacturers. Annual revenue is around $50 million, and the company is profitable.

Reynolds has production facilities at their headquarters in Akron, OH; in Bloomington, IN; and in Memphis, TN. Approximately 300 people work for Reynolds, including 7 in IT. The IT staff is broken down as follows:

· IT Director

· 2 Help Desk personnel

· 3 Network Engineers

· 1 Software Engineer, primarily supporting the company’s ERP system

One network engineer works in Bloomington, one in Memphis, and the rest of the IT staff is located in Akron.

The three sites are networked via an MPLS circuit. In addition to SAP® software, the company uses Microsoft® Office 2010 for administrative work along with several specialized CAD programs for design. The SAP software is two versions behind, but not at end of its life. A data center is in Akron, while the other two sites have smaller hardware footprints consisting of Microsoft Exchange servers for email, a small file and print server, and redundant Active Directory servers. EMC Storage Area Network (SAN) devices are at each site. Redundant backup appliances are in Akron and Bloomington, and data can be cycled among the SANS for further redundancy. While some server virtualization has been achieved, only about 20 percent of all servers have been virtualized with the help of VMWare. All sites use Cisco® switches, routers, and firewalls. Servers, desktops, laptops and printers are all HP®, and are between 3 and 5 years old and the desktops and Laptops use Windows® 7 as the operating system. All servers are on Microsoft Server 2012.

There are no cloud applications. There has been a demand by administrative personnel and engineers for integrating mobile devices with Microsoft Exchange and other apps but to date the company has not implemented a BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) or a MDM (Mobile Device Management) solution.

The IT budget typically is between $1.2 and $1.5 million annually, depending on capital expense. Note that this budget ONLY covers hardware, software, services, and licensing. Personnel costs are not included, nor do you need to include them for the Week 4 budget assignment.

This year the company is embarking on significant expansion. A joint venture has been signed with a firm from Mexico Peraltada LLC in order to gain access to a new supplier market. Both companies will remain independent, but Reynolds will exchange engineering expertise for a percentage of sales in Mexico and there will be joint development of intellectual property.

Peraltada uses Microsoft Office 2016 and Oracle as their ERP solution. Desktop and laptops are HP, and they are running Microsoft Server 2016. They employ around 200 people with 5 in IT. The company provides key employees with iPhones for mobile access to their network.

In an effort to diversify, the company has purchased a small company in Vancouver, Canada that makes light aircraft landing gear components. P.T. Tracy, LLC employs about 80 people, with 3 in IT. They also use SAP for an ERP solution but one version newer than Reynolds. They use Microsoft Office 2013 and Windows 10 for their desktop OS. Their firewall solution is Palo Alto and they use Cisco routing and switching equipment. Servers, desktops and laptops are all Dell®. They also have implemented a BYOD policy, using the MDM solution VMWare AirWatch®, supporting both Apple® and Samsung® Galaxy phones. They are running Microsoft Server 2016.

All three companies in the scenario have a Microsoft Enterprise License in various stages of life; none will be up for renewal at the same time.

 

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Effectiveness of a community-based diabetes self-management education (DSME) program in a rural agricultural setting.

Monica Bullock    1 posts   Re: Topic 3 DQ 1  Paz-Pacheco, E., Sandoval, M. A., Ardena, G. J. R., Paterno, E., Juban, N., Lantion-Ang, F. L., … Bongon, J. (2017). Effectiveness of a community-based diabetes self-management education (DSME) program in a rural agricultural setting. Primary Health Care Research & Development (Cambridge University Press / UK), 18(1), 35–49. https://doi- org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1017/S1463423616000335  This study was done to assess the effectiveness of diabetes self-management in rural agricultural towns. It gives a great out line of how the programs were implemented and great statistics. This fits with the population that I deal with at my practicum sight. The down side is that the study was conducted in the Philippines. Not that the information is not valid it just makes it less relatable. On that not I think I would need more information for evidence based practice changes, something relatable to the US. For my capstone project I think it provides great ideas to solve the problem.  Carlos Vasconcelos, António Almeida, Maria Cabral, Elisabete Ramos, & Romeu Mendes. (2019). The Impact of a Community-Based Food Education Program on Nutrition- Related Knowledge in Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, (13), 2403. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3390/ijerph16132403  This study focused on food based interventions. Educating the community on food and how it will affect the body. Randomly people were assigned a workout program and diet program then tested the knowledge of food nutrients through a questionnaire before and after to produce results. I think this is a good study to use because it shows how food is a major role in life style changes and the effects on A1C. The down side is the study data is confusion to read and it does only focus on a specific demographic, but it does apply to the question I want to answer. This would be relatable and with the support of another study would be great for evidence based change.  Prezio, E. A., Pagán, J. A., Shuval, K., & Culica, D. (2014). The Community Diabetes Education (CoDE) Program: Cost-Effectiveness and Health Outcomes. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(6), 771–779. https://doi- org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.016  The study looks at how effective community based teaching programs are with minority and low income groups. Once education was initiated the participants A1 C was tracked for a year to observe for any improvements. Cost was also evaluated vs benefits. I think this is a good one study to use since in recent years I have seen these type of programs pop up in the community. The study focuses on Mexican American who are uninsured, a large part of my community population. I think this would provide enough for evidence based practice changes since it is relatable to my community.  Bielamowicz, M. K., Pope, P., & Rice, C. A. (2013). Sustaining a Creative Community-Based Diabetes Education Program: Motivating Texans With Type 2 Diabetes to Do Well With Diabetes Control. Diabetes Educator, 39(1), 119–127. https://doi- org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/0145721712470605  This is an interesting one that take place in Texas and uses cooking as the way to have patients take action in the their own self-care. Using a free healthy cooking class offered to anyone that signed up participants were interviewed at the beginning to see what they viewed as healthy life style changes and cooking. A1Cwere also measured and glucoses levels. At the end of the classes the same things were measured to show improvement and more interest in self-care. This is a unique way to have patients take responsibility for their care through the food they prepare. The down side is the person has to have an interest in cooking and food. On its own I think this would have a strong argument for evidence based changes, but would be stronger with added support from a different study.  Aguiar, E. J., Morgan, P. J., Collins, C. E., Plotnikoff, R. C., Young, M. D., & Callister, R. (2016). Efficacy of the Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Using LifeStyle Education Program RCT. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 50(3), 353–364. https://doiorg.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.020  This study looks at the PULSE program which contains education on weight loss through life style modifications. It followed high risk men for one year to see if there was improvements in A1C and glucose with the implementation. The program is gender tailored and individually tailored. Weakens would be it only focusses on men, but still could provide good information on life style changes and the effects.

 

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Case Study: Nicole Experiences School Phobia (Biopsychosocial)

Case Study: Nicole Experiences School Phobia (Biopsychosocial)

Nicole is a 9-year-old Caucasian female who lives with her mother. Nicole’s father has never lived with the family and has not been in contact for many years. Nicole is a fourth-grade student at an urban elementary school and her mother works as an assistant at a veterinary hospital. Nicole and her mother moved to the city within the past year.

Presenting Problem: For the past several weeks, Nicole has increasingly refused to attend school. Initially, Nicole claimed illness in order to stay home, but lately has been tearfully refusing to go to school because she “wants to stay home” and is “scared to go back” to her classroom. Her mother has been forced to take time off from work, and occasionally enlists neighbors to stay with Nicole when she has to work. School officials are insisting that Nicole return to school immediately or begin a program of home tutoring.

Biological Factors: Nicole has always been an anxious child who had difficulty with separation and new experiences. While her mother is unaware of any family history of anxiety disorders, she claims that Nicole has seemed “edgy” and “fearful” from “day one.” Nicole’s diet is significant for her lack of appetite—excessive consumption of caffeine-rich cola beverages (approximately 6 cans per day)—and she also complains of sleep difficulties.

Psychological Factors: Nicole is deeply attached to her mother who works full time. Her mother finds it challenging to parent such a needy child. Nicole is beset by ongoing anxiety, particularly in response to separation experiences such as going to school and sleepovers at friends’ homes. She has numerous strengths, such as her high intellect, loving nature, and artistic skill. She has poor self-esteem, and is riddled with feelings of inadequacy.

Social Factors: Nicole lives and attends school in an urban environment. Having moved to the city only recently, Nicole and her mother feel relatively isolated and feel tentative in a big city with significant crime and hustle-bustle. Nicole’s relatives all live in distant cities, and her mother’s work demands have limited their ability to make social or community connections.

Biopsychosocial Formulation and Plan: Nicole, who may or may not have a biological tendency toward anxiety, is certainly not benefiting from the high levels of caffeine she is consuming. Caffeine may be contributing to some degree to her sleeplessness, low appetite, and possibly even her anxiety. Most prominent, however, appears to be Nicole’s sense of isolation in a new and intimidating environment and her necessary dependence on her single, full-time working mother. By staying home from school, Nicole (perhaps unconsciously) succeeds in securing her mother’s presence, or at least the attention of a neighbor. Nicole’s school refusal may be inadvertently reinforced by the companionship and attention of her mother and neighbors, as well as by relief from the more challenging aspects of getting to school on public transportation and contending with school demands. The lack of a secure social support network appears to be enhancing her dependency on her mother and generating fearfulness and school refusal.

Treatment should progress in a number of ways. First, a behavioral program should be instituted whereby shaping is utilized to gradually reinforce Nicole’s reentry to school. For example, Nicole’s mother could spend the first hour of her school day during her first week back at school, then only the first 30 minutes, then merely accompany her to school, and so forth. Nicole’s successes could be reinforced by special time with her mother, enjoyable experiences with friends, or other desirable incentives. This behavioral plan should be augmented by some supportive psychotherapy to help Nicole express her fears and dependency needs, both verbally and through nonverbal means such as play and drawing. Efforts should also be encouraged for the family to extend their social network, and consultation could be provided to determine available resources and strategies. Nicole’s participation in activities (such as group art projects), which can enhance her sense of esteem and competence, would also be beneficial. Finally, all caffeine should be eliminated from Nicole’s diet

 

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