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Directions: Review the instructions below under the title APA writing requirements information, Click the following link http://www.apastyle.org/index.aspx?_ga=2.195803692.1839020267.1509561466-105250975.1485634417 and review each tab under Popular Style Guidelines to understand APA 7th edition. Lastly, watch the video at the end titled: APA Style 7th Edition: Student Paper Formatting and submit ten complete sentences on the content you learned while reviewing this APA 7th edition assignment.

APA writing requirements Information:

Keys to writing and APA quick reference guide PRINT AND KEEP

Hello Students,

I have found APA formatting to be tricky over the years so in an effort to help start you off in the right direction I have provided you with some helpful resources.

APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (7th ed.)

Contributors: Joshua M. Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore, Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck

Note: APA style requires authors to use the past tense or present perfect tense when using signal phrases to describe earlier research, for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found…

APA citation basics

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example, (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference. All sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining

• Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
• If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.

(Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized: Writing new media.)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs.
• Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: “Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock’s Vertigo.”
• Italicize or underline the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, television series, documentaries, or albums: The Closing of the American Mind; The Wizard of Oz; Friends.
• Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles, articles from edited collections, television series episodes, and song titles: “Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds”; “The One Where Chandler Can’t Cry.”

Short quotations

If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by “p.”). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author’s last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.

According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p. 199).

Jones (1998) found “students often had difficulty using APA style” (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author’s last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.

She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style” (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style” (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

HERE IS A GOOD SECTION AND THE ONE MOST COMMONLY MISSED. THE PLACEMENT OF THE PUNCTUATION IS THE KEY.

Long quotations

Place direct quotations that are 40 words, or longer, in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.

Jones’s (1998) study found the following: Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

NOTE THE DIFFERENCE IN PUNCTUATION FOR BLOCK CITATIONS. HOWEVER, I DO NOT WANT TO SEE MANY OF THESE LONG QUOTES BECAUSE I WANT TO HEAR YOUR VOICE AND READ HOW YOU APPLY THE MATERIAL. WHEN A LONG QUOTE IS APPLICABLE, PLEASE USE THEM AND CITE APPROPRIATELY. 

Summary or paraphrase

If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.)

.

According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.

 APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

I WANT TO DRAW YOUR ATTENTION TO OWL’S WORDS IN THE ABOVE SENTENCE REGARDING PARAPHRASING. WHEN YOU WRITE THE “AUTHOR” FEELS, THINKS, STATED, THOUGHT, ARGUED, ETC, PLACE THE PUBLICATION YEAR AFTER. OFTEN MISSED WHEN PARAPHRASING.

ALSO, FOR STYLE POINTS ONLY, THE SENTENCE LOOKS CLEANER WITHOUT THE PAGE NUMBER IN BEGINNING; HOWEVER, IT IS  A GOOD HABIT TO ALWAYS PLACE THE PAGE NUMBER AT THE END, EVEN WHEN PARAPHRASING.

Unknown Author:

If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized or underlined; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.

A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers (“Using APA,” 2001).

Organization as an Author: If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source.

According to the American Psychological Association (2000),…

If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations.

First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000)

Second citation: (MADD, 2000)

Citing Indirect Sources

If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses.

Johnson argued that…(as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).

Note: When citing material in parentheses, set off the citation with a comma, as above. Also, try to locate the original material and cite the original source.

Electronic Sources

If possible, cite an electronic document the same as any other document by using the author-date style.

Kenneth (2000) explained…

THIS MEANS YOU MIGHT HAVE TO BUILD OUT THE REFERENCE PAGE BY SEARCHING THE WEBPAGE FOR THE AUTHOR, PUBLICATION DATE, ETC. PLEASE DO NOT PUT A HYPERLINK OR WWW.XYZ.COM AS THE INTEXT CITATION.

Unknown Author and Unknown Date: If no author or date is given, use the title in your signal phrase or the first word or two of the title in the parentheses and use the abbreviation “n.d.” (for “no date”).

Another study of students and research decisions discovered that students succeeded with tutoring (“Tutoring and APA,” n.d.).

Sources Without Page Numbers

When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. When an electronic document has numbered paragraphs, use the abbreviation “para.” followed by the paragraph number (Hall, 2001, para. 5). If the paragraphs are not numbered and the document includes headings, provide the appropriate heading and specify the paragraph under that heading. Note that in some electronic sources, like Web pages, people can use the Find function in their browser to locate any passages you cite.

NOTE, IF YOU USE A WEBPAGE, I WANT YOU TO PROVIDE THE PARAGRAPH NUMBER EVEN IF YOU MANUALLY COUNT THE PARAGRAPHS.

According to Smith (1997), … (Mind over Matter section, para. 6).

Note: Never use the page numbers of Web pages you print out; different computers print Web pages with different pagination.

Keys for success in writing the short paper. (Helpful information but make sure to following instructors instruction)

1. Always provide 3 to 5 references. Which should directly relate to 3 to 5 in-text citations.
2. Short papers are to be 2 to 4 pages in length. It is equally hard to write concise as it is to write long papers. Title and reference pages do not count in that total.
3. Follow the outline presented. Unless otherwise noted, Problem statement (Introduction): 1-2 paragraphs with 1 in-text citation to support your problem statement.  Body of evidence: 1-2 pages with several in-text citations. Remember, the citations should support your thoughts and voice, so 3-5 is about right for a paper this length. Conclusion: 1 paragraph
4. SafeAssign match should be less than 20%. I want to hear your voice and thoughts in the writing.
5. Lastly, follow the basic rules of APA. When paraphrasing, (Author, Year). When providing a direct quote, (author, year, page number or if a page number is not found (electronic source) then include a paragraph number.)

The following links are helpful resources for a virtual tutorial of how to use APA:

Tutorial instructions to APA style writing

Purdue University has helpful updated information on APA format click the link below for more information

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_changes_7th_edition.html

1. Click the following link http://www.apastyle.org/index.aspx?_ga=2.195803692.1839020267.1509561466-105250975.1485634417 (Links to an external site.)

2. Watch the videos on APA by clicking the link below

APA Style 7th Edition: Student Paper Formatting