There are many common applications of colligative properties. Choose a topic related to colligative properties that you’d like to research and share with the class. Some ideas are presented below, but as always, you can choose your own topic.

Vapor pressure lowering
Alcoholic beverages can be made through fermentation. For example, wine is made by fermenting grapes. The fermentation process is carried out by yeast. The resulting solution is mainly ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and water. To make liquors with a higher alcohol content, like brandy, distillation is used. Discuss why high alcohol content cannot be achieved by fermentation alone. Use the concept of vapor pressure lowering (and probably Raoult’s Law) to explain how distillation can be used to enrich the alcohol in liquors. If you do not want to promote alcoholic beverages, you can frame the discussion in the context of ethanol’s use as a gasoline additive or in hand sanitizer.
Freezing point depression and boiling point elevation
What is the antifreeze/coolant that you put in your car? How does the substance function as both an antifreezing agent and a coolant?
Have you ever made ice cream at home? Some of the simpler ice cream makers call for ice and salt to freeze the cream, sugar, and other ingredients. You can even find very simple examples on the internet where you make ice cream using plastic bags. How do colligative properties apply to these types of ice cream makers?
Have you ever been on a plane that had to be de-iced before take-off? What are some de-icing agents and how do they work?
Have you ever been in a city where it snowed? If snow is frequent enough, a city will often have equipment for spreading salt along the roads. Which salts are commonly used for salting roads and how do they make the roads safer for driving?
Osmotic pressure
How does osmotic pressure affect biological cells? What are some ways that biological cells deal with osmotic pressure extremes? What happens if cells don’t deal with osmotic extremes well?
California experiences periodic drought, but the state boarders the ocean. Why can’t we just get the water from the ocean? You might want to look up desalination and reverse osmosis, in particular.
If you find yourself in a survival situation, why is it a bad idea to drink sea water?

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Conspiracy Theories Research Essay For this assignment, you will research a popular conspiracy theory.
These theories have not been proven due to their lack of concrete evidence, which is why they are still
considered a theory. Your task is to select a popular conspiracy theory, provide background information on the
topic, research three of the more well-known reasons behind the theory and then provide the flaw(s) in each of
those reasons. To put it simply, a conspiracy theory is an alternative explanation to an event. In order for a
conspiracy theory to first begin, there has to be some lack of evidence or something that may not make sense.
Unfortunately, what makes it a conspiracy and not reality is the lack of hard evidence. This is why it’s difficult to
prove a conspiracy theory. These are important questions when looking at any conspiracy theory: ∙ Does it
make sense and/or is it reasonable? ∙ Is there a means or motive available? ∙ Is there enough evidence to
support the theory? ∙ Does the conspiracy theory actually explain what happened? Process: ∙ Select your
conspiracy theory. ∙ Begin researching the theory. ∙ Find three reasons/sources to support the theory. ∙ Find
three reasons/sources to discount the theory. ∙ Evaluate the credibility of the sources (worksheet). ∙ Begin the
rough draft of your essay. Expectations: ∙ Your essay should be a minimum of 3 pages and a maximum of 5. ∙
Your essay should have an introduction, three body paragraphs and a conclusion. ∙ Your introduction must
have a thesis statement that indicates three clear, unalike reasons for your theory. ∙ Double-space your essay ∙
Type out your essay ∙ Write in third person ∙ Include a captivating title ∙ Indent each paragraph ∙ Keep
paragraphs balanced (include the approximate number of sentences in each) ∙ ALL sources needed to be cited
accordingly.

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