Discussion 1: Contributing to Community Recovery
The damaging effects of disaster on mental health and the increased vulnerability to addiction of survivors are well documented. The most common conditions that follow a disaster are post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, grief, and an increase in substance abuse and addictive behaviors (Beaudoin, 2011; Cepeda, Valdez, Kaplan, & Hill, 2010; Johnson & Fendrich, 2009).
As a helping professional, it is essential that you become familiar with federal and local regulations that can impact your role in community recovery.
For this Discussion, review the two scenarios below. Choose one of the scenarios and reflect on the ways in which government and community organizations might contribute to the treatment of addiction.
Scenario A: You are the director of a local addiction treatment center in a West Coast metropolitan area that has experienced an earthquake of major magnitude. The earthquake has caused a large loss of life and destruction of property. The entire metropolitan infrastructure is disrupted, including transportation, sanitation, emergency medical care, and power. People are unable to get to work, children are unable to attend school, and people are confused and frightened. Many mental health and substance abuse facilities have been destroyed, so their services will be interrupted for a long time. A large number of citizens are left homeless, without jobs, and are dealing with the trauma of the event and loss of family and friends. The level of destruction is so vast and far reaching that it will be several months to a year before life returns to what the community could consider normal.
Scenario B: You are the director of a local addiction treatment center in a small Midwestern town of 20,000. A tornado has struck the community, cutting a path of destruction through the entire town and causing hundreds of thousands of dollars in property damage. More devastating, the tornado has resulted in a huge loss of life, including the deaths of over 100 children who were in the local elementary school. Many families are left homeless and grieving over the loss of their property, businesses, friends, and loved ones. The loss of such a large number of children has a particularly serious impact on the emotional well-being of the town’s citizens.
·       Post a response to the scenario that you selected.
·       Explain how you might direct your staff or helping professionals at the addiction treatment center to contribute to the community’s recovery.
·       Explain what your goals would be in the community recovery effort.
·       Then, explain how federal and local government regulations might impact an addiction counselor’s ability to contribute to this community’s recovery.
Support your response using the Resources and the current literature.  Needs to be at least 1 page in length.
References (use at least 2)
Johnson, T. P., & Fendrich, M. (2009). Substance use under conditions of uncertainty and trauma: An introduction. Substance Use and Misuse, 44(12), 1661–1664. 
Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (2006). Substance abuse counseling written into federal disaster response bill. Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly, 18(33), 5–6.
Discussion 2: Perceived Crisis Influencing Addiction
Personal crises and increased vulnerability to addictive chemicals and behaviors can stem from any event or situation that a person perceives as intolerable, the key word being perceives. 
In your role as a helping professional, remember that events that seem benign to you may constitute a crisis in a client’s life. If a client perceives himself or herself to be in a crisis, whether you agree or not, the client is probably in a crisis and needs your professional assistance. There are a number of crisis intervention models available, and you should choose the model that seems to be most effective. 
·       Post a description of at least two factors outside an individual’s control that could result in a perceived crisis and explain how that perception may affect propensity toward addiction.
·       Then describe a model of crisis intervention that might be most effective in addressing these factors and explain why.
Support your response using the Resources and the current literature. Needs to be at least 1 page in length.
References (use at least 2)
Johnson, T. P., & Fendrich, M. (2009). Substance use under conditions of uncertainty and trauma: An introduction. Substance Use and Misuse, 44(12), 1661–1664. 
Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (2006). Substance abuse counseling written into federal disaster response bill. Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly, 18(33), 5–6.
 
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Will need minimum of 150 words for each response, APA Style, double spaced, times new roman, font 12, and and Include: (1 reference for each response within years 2015-2018) with intext citations.

Peer resp. #1

Fibrocystic change is categorized as a benign breast problem. Symptoms of fibrocystic change include breast tenderness, swelling, pain, or irregular menstrual cycles (Arslan Solmaz, 2018). Patients can feel lumps in their breasts. Movable lumps filled up with fluid are called cysts. The patients can find their breasts swollen or tender to touch. It happens when breast tissues become firm and rubbery like scar tissues. Fibrocystic change occurs mostly in women of child-bearing age, but they can affect any women (American Cancer Society, 2017). The changes in hormone related to menstruation can cause the lumps to get bigger and tenderer. Therefore, the symptoms are more noticeable just before the menstrual period starts. The patients may also feel a clear or cloudy nipple discharge. Hormonal abnormalities such as an excess of estrogen over progesterone or increased thyroid hormone activity are reported to be the cause of the fibrocystic change (Arslan Solmaz, 2018). A diagnosis is based on symptoms, history, and physical examination. A mammogram, ultrasound, or a biopsy will be needed to rule out cancer.

Treatment for fibrocystic change is necessary if the cysts cause discomfort. Medications include danazol, tamoxifen, hormonal therapies, or vitamin E (Talaei, Moradi, & Rafiei, 2017). The authors also mention that Metformin can help reduce the symptoms of fibrocystic change. Besides that, patients who take Metformin have a reduced mortality rate of cancer due to the medication’s antitumoral properties (Talaei, Moradi, & Rafiei, 2017). Another option is to have the cysts drained to reduce the pressure and pain, but the fluid can build up again (American Cancer Society, 2017). If that happens, the patients can choose surgery to remove the cysts. They can take pain medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain relief as well. They need to avoid caffeinated drinks such as coffee, tea, sodas, or chocolate since they can stimulate the symptoms (American Cancer Society, 2017). It is still controversial regarding if fibrocystic change is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, so they need to have a routine mammogram screening to detect cancer early (Arslan Solmaz, 2018).

Peer resp. #2

Fibrocystic breast is considered to be a non-proliferative lesion. It generally affects women between the ages of 25 and 50 and rarely affects women under age 20 (Arslan Solmaz, 2018). According to the Center for Disease Control (2018), fibrocystic breasts can have symptoms of feeling lumpy, tender to touch and sore and have cysts that are fluid filled sacs within the breast. Patient education would include that fibrocystic breast disease is usually benign and and may be due to hormonal imbalance. Follow up care would include sonography, mammography and possibly biopsy to ensure that the cysts are not cancerous (Talaei, Moradi and Rafiei, 2017). Treatments can include a fine needle aspiration to drain the cysts, or surgical incision. Over the counter Tylenol and Ibprofen can be used for pain control. Oral contraceptives can be taken for women to lower hormone levels associated with breast changes (Talaei, Moradi and Rafiei, 2017). Self management would include pain management, breast self exams, warm compresses and monitoring any cysts for and change in texture, size and if they are causing further pain.

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