Complications of asthma can be sudden. Consider the case of Bradley Wilson, a young boy who had several medical conditions. He appeared in good health when he went to school, returned home, and ate dinner. However, when he later went outside to play, he came back inside wheezing. An ambulance took him to the hospital where he was pronounced dead (Briscoe, 2012). In another case, 10-year-old Dynasty Reese, who had mild asthma, woke up in the middle of the night and ran to her grandfather’s bedroom to tell him she couldn’t breathe. By the time paramedics arrived, she had passed out and was pronounced dead at the hospital (Glissman, 2012). These situations continue to outline the importance of recognizing symptoms of asthma and providing immediate treatment, as well as distinguishing minor symptoms from serious, life-threatening symptoms. Since these symptoms and attacks are often induced by a trigger, as an advanced practice nurse, you must be able to help patients identify their triggers and recommend appropriate treatment options. For this reason, you need to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation.

To Prepare

• Review      “Asthma” in Chapter 27 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the      pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma      exacerbation. Consider how these disorders are similar and different.
• Select      one of the following factor: gender, ethnicity, or behavior. Think about      how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders.      Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these      disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct      two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma      exacerbation. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both      chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation.

To Complete

Write a 2 pages paper that addresses the following:

• Describe      the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma      exacerbation. Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas      patterns during an exacerbation.
• Explain      how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both      disorders. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a      patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct      two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation.      Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as      well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

**This paper should have Introduction (with a purpose statement) and Conclusion

LEARNING RESOURCES

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

• Chapter 26, “Structure and           Function of the Pulmonary System”

This chapter provides information relating to the structure and function of the pulmonary system to illustrate normal pulmonary function. It focuses on gas transport to build the foundation for examining alterations of pulmonary function.

• Chapter 27, “Alterations of           Pulmonary Function”

This chapter examines clinical manifestations of pulmonary alterations and disorders of the chest wall and pleura. It covers the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.

• Chapter 28, “Alterations of           Pulmonary Function in Children”

This chapter focuses on alterations of pulmonary function that affect children. These alterations include disorders of the upper and lower airways.

Hammer, G. G., & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

• Chapter 9, “Pulmonary           Disease”

This chapter begins with an overview of normal structure and function of the lungs to provide a foundation for examining various lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

** American Lung Association. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/ 

** Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.aafa.org 

** Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.cff.org/ 

Instructor Requirements

As advanced practice nurses, we are scholars, nurse researchers and scientists. As such, please use Peer-Reviewed scholarly articles and websites designed for health professionals (not designed for patients) for your references. Students should be using the original citation in up to Date and go to that literature as a reference. The following are examples (not all inclusive) of resources/websites deemed inadmissible for scholarly reference:

1. Up to Date (must use original articles from Up to Date as a resource)

2. Wikipedia

3. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

4. Webmd.com

5. Mayoclinic.com

– This work should have Introduction and Conclusion

– It should have at least 4 to 6 current references (at least 2 from the above class learning resources). 

– APA format

Resource:

“User Stories” document

Continue your work using the scenario presented in Week One. 

The Director of Software Engineering and the Product Manager for the company visited the client and collected the User Stories as depicted in the User Stories document provided. In addition the Chief Financial Officer of the Hospital gave the Director a complete breakdown of the charges for surgeries, hospital stays, and prescription drugs.

Part 1:

The Director has asked you to read through the stories and help with the Functional Requirements Document (FRD) which is a formal statement of the program’s functional requirements. The FRD serves the same purpose as a contract. Your company agrees to provide the capabilities specified. The client agrees to find the product satisfactory if it provides the capabilities specified in the FRD. The Director has asked you to identify any specific user interface, compliance, security, data, and data access requirements identified in the stories. The Director also wants to know which of the requirements you identify are functional or non-functional. The Director has determined that you will use an Agile approach to the development of the program.

Create a 1- to 2-page list using Microsoft® Word of the current requirements the FRD will need. First, list five requirements that are functional, then list five non-functional requirements. The FRD will be refined as the development proceeds, so this list is a starting point.

Part 2:

Your intern is struggling to understand the differences between Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) and Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs).

To help your intern understand the difference, create a 1-page comparison table using Microsoft® Word showing the similarities and differences between a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD). The table should depict at least three points of comparison, as well as a justification of why you would use one approach over the other.

 

Cite all sources using APA guidelines.