Difference between correlation and causation?

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  1. What is the difference between correlation and causation?
  2. Give your own real life example of a situation in which correlation was mistaken for causation.
  3. What is the difference between a justification and an explanation?
  4. Consider the statements, “Lisa has not texted me this morning. She must be mad at me.”
    A. What is the belief presented in these two statements? What is its justification?
    B. What is the current condition and its explanation?
  5. Consider a situation in which you solved a real-life problem by using cause and effect. In a six- to eightsentence paragraph, explain the problem and your thought process as you solved it.
  6. Define analogy and give your own example.
  7. What qualities make a good analogical argument? Give three of your own example of a solid analogical
    argument.

Sample Solution

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The purpose of feasibility reports

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Create a brief feasibility report. The purpose of feasibility reports is to analyze a problem or situation and assess the possible solutions.

Analyze skills required to meet the needs of your future career and whether adding a second minor in Technical Communication or a Writing Certificate make sense for your professional goals.

Using the memorandum format found on chapter 2.13 of Open Technical Communication, create a 2 page, single-spaced memorandum that is organized using the following headings:

  1. Background
    a. What is your current major/minor?
    b. How many hours have you completed toward your current major/minor?
    c. How many hours do you still have to complete?
    d. When is your anticipated graduation date?
    e. Describe your career goals. How will your choice of major and minor further your goals?
  2. Requirements
    a. What would be required for you to add Technical Communication as a second minor or major? What would be required for you to add a Writing Certificate to your current program?
    b. If you decided to add either of these to your current academic program, what would you need to do to proceed?
    c. Are there any courses required for Technical Communication that could also meet a requirement? For example, most chemistry students also get a minor in mathematics because of the overlap of coursework.
    d. Who is your advisor and what is the best way to contact them?
  3. Benefits
    a. Visit the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook https://www.bls.gov/ooh/, and see what type of communication work is associated with your prospective career?
    b. How might the Writing Certificate or the minor in Technical Communication provide beneficial skills that you can use?
  4. Constraints
    a. What might keep you from adding either the minor in Technical Communication or the Writing Certificate to your current academic program?
    b. Examples of constraints might be any of the following: time, a rigidly structured degree plan, money, or interest
  5. Recommended Actions
    a. What actions should you take?
  6. Conclusion
    Important: Your document should be written in paragraph form and should be carefully proofread for errors.
    Resources:
    Texas Tech Academic Catalog: https://catalog.ttu.edu/
    TTU Technical Communication Minor: https://www.depts.ttu.edu/english/programs_degrees/ba/minors/tc_req.php
    Undergraduate Writing Certificate:
    https://www.depts.ttu.edu/english/programs_degrees/programs/certificates/undergraduate_writing_certificate.php
    TTU Schedule of Classes: https://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/class_schedule/
    Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/

Sample Solution

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Design of a mindful writing mantra

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The etymology of “mindfulness” is to “remember to remember.” Meditators use a variety of techniques to
remember-to-remember, including meditation bells and mantra, or a verbal saying that is repeated or becomes
the object of reflection. Ideally, a mantra should be paired with breath-watching, with mindful breathing
encoded in the mantra, for example, “Breathing in, I know I am here; breathing out, I know I am here now.”
Here’s one of my mantra: “Your Ability to Write is Already Present.” Here’s another, “Present moment,
breathing moment, writing moment.”
A mindful writing mantra draws our attention back to the present moment. Resultant changes in our outlook
and emotional state can happen within seconds of repeating a mantra, in part because the mantra steers our
internal talk, which probably up until that moment had been free-ranging, widely discursive, its self-pathos
rhetoric goading us into all sorts of additional mental formations and storylines about our writing.
This project involves designing your own mindful writing mantra in the context of an extended exploration of
mindful writing theory and practice. The intent is to make your mantra something you would actually display on
your desk or wherever you tend to write—as an object, as a sign, possibly as jewelry—and build that mantra on
sound mindful writing concepts.
Stages:
Rough draft (2-3 pages), Thursday, 4/22/2021: emailed to by class time to receive credit (graded as
Complete/Incomplete). No late drafts will be accepted for credit to discourage procrastination (manage that
through mindful writing!).
Second draft (4-5 pages), Thursday, 4/29/2021: by class time to receive credit (graded as
Complete/Incomplete). No late drafts will be accepted for credit.
Final draft (at least 7 pages), by noon on Saturday, 5/8/2021. Double check that I received your project: if you
don’t see an email from me on the evening of May 8 indicating that the document was received, it’s your
responsibility to contact me immediately to prevent grade point deduction. No projects will be accepted after
Monday, May 10. Look for emailed feedback and a grade by Tuesday, May 11.
Parts of Project:
Design of a mindful writing mantra
Design the rhetoric of your mantra
Design a visual appearance for your mantra. The examples of mindful calligraphy (from Thich Nhat Hanh) at
the top of this exercise sheet are each inside an almost-closed circle. It’s called an ensō:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C5%8D (Links to an external site.) Take a picture of the drawing (or visual
elements) or describe how you would design its visual appearance; if the former, email me the picture along
with the project.
7+ page exploration of mindful writing, connecting your mantra to concepts from the course covering all of the
following, drawing multiple links to assigned readings. How does your mantra connect to:
Intrapersonal rhetoric
Role in content development (accessing monkey mind to come up with ideas)
Role in self-pathos (preconceptions about writing ability, storylines, mind waves and mind weeds, basic
goodness)
Role in creating audience ghosts/reader demons
Impermanence
Role in content development (coming up with ideas)
Ability to track change in content and writing ability
Groundlessness 
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Embodiment
How does your mantra help you become more aware of your physical self as you write?
Mindlessness
General problems in your writing life
How you plan to use your writing mantra to chip away at mindlessness
Specific phases in a writing process (Starting? Drafting? Revising? Receiving Feedback? Finishing?) when you
might use the mantra.
Helpful Hints:
Use multiple examples from your writing life (brief or extended)
Use multiple examples from assigned readings
Talk about your process of creating your mantra
Include material from your “Start Where You Are” exercises
Possibly talk about using the mantra TO COMPLETE this final project or another writing assignment at the end
of this semester: show your mantra in action

Sample Solution

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The VaR (value at risk)

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  1. Recall the VaR (value at risk) example we did in class (BBKB Chapter 2 Excel Example
    uploaded on D2L). In that example, we conducted a simulation of a 1-month VaR of $1M
    portfolio, assuming 1% average monthly return and 5% standard deviation of monthly
    return. Please explore the spreadsheet to recall the details, and also recall that a random
    monthly return can be generated by Norminv(Rand(),1%,5%) function, which can be seen
    from the spreadsheet. Now assume that you manage a large portfolio with the current
    value of $50 million, and also assume the monthly return follow a normal distribution with
    mean of 1% and standard deviation of 4%. You generate monthly return for 12-month
    period, and then calculate the portfolio value at the end of the 12th month. (Hint: add 11
    more columns to generate monthly return for all 12 months, and the end portfolio value is
    simply the beginning portfolio value multiply by 1+monthly return for all months, i.e.,
    multiple 12 times). You then run this simulation for 5000 times, and then rank the end
    portfolio value from the lowest to the highest (1st to 5000th).
    a) Report your 12-month portfolio VaR estimate, given a 95% confidence level. Save
    your results in “Sheet1” tab.
    b) Now set the standard deviation of monthly return to 3% (instead of 4%), and report
    your new 12-month portfolio VaR, and save your results in “Sheet2” tab. Is your new
    VaR higher or lower than the one in a)? Attach your spreadsheet.
  2. Read article “Value at risk: uses and abuses” posted on D2L (Reading #4), and then write
    a brief summary of the article (about 1 page single spaced). In your summary write-up,
    focus on the four cases (P&G, Barings, Orange County, and Metallgesellshaft), and
    address the following: 1) Would VaR have helped in those cases and what are the VaR
    limitations? 2) What are the key points of the article?

Sample Solution

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