Find Article about Topic – (Texture, Frottage) (20 sentences and reply to the 2 posts with 6 sentence each

1- Please post your responses for the Article (20 sentences or more with websites and/or visual examples) to the article link above Please share what you learned, did not know, how the topic/learning changed your view toward the topic now, and more with classmates.

2- reply to the 2 post with 6 sentences each on

a-Frottage is the technique of obtaining an impression of the surface texture of a material, such as wood. Doing this by placing a piece of paper over it and rubbing it with a soft pencil. The surrealist Max Ernst is credited with first using frottage in a more complex fashion. Max Ernst started using the frottage technique in his work in 1925. As some might still recall from their childhood days, this technique involves laying a piece of paper on a structured surface and making a rubbing of its texture with a pencil. A floorâ€s structure inspired him to place a piece of paper on the floorboards and then transfer its compositions to the sheet with graphite. He made prints by rubbing graphite over textured wooden planks. Then would use the resulting patterns to stimulate his creative imagination. He would look to see what shapes and images were suggested by the marks and then work them up into surreal fantasy artworks. This technique can be used for excellent art pieces but are very common or childlike experiments.

Now, it is hard to capture texture in a drawing. We touch an object and can feel that it is smooth or rough, but how do we translate what we feel into what we see. A hard, flat surface such as metal or glass is highly reflective. The light hits more of the surface and bounces off. This creates sharp, crisp edges and stronger contrasts of light and dark values. A soft surface such as cloth or leaves absorbs the light, creating smooth transitions between highlights and shadows. Rough surfaces are uneven; the sun hits less of the surface or beats it in less or infrequent areas. The reflected light is less, making softer variances in values. But the more profound the dips or crevices, the rougher the texture is. Uneven surfaces like tree bark, have many small ridges that catch the light on the high ridge with a dark shadow behind the ridge, creating stronger variances.

b-Starting with texture, this is a very interesting concept when used in the art world. As a child I was fascinated to find out that some paintings have texture. If you were to touch many artists’ paintings you would find a highly rigid and rough surface. This I found to be true because my mother has some of her own paintings hanging in our home. Over the years I appreciated these paintings with more than my eyes, being the curious child I am. Honestly I think as far as touching art works is considered it’s a sad time we live in. It really can detract from the arts experience not being able to fully observe an artwork with all of our senses. But like one of my ressources, https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4320 (Links to an external site.), talks about not all texture is tactile, it can be visual. Yes, even photographs can give a great sense of texture. The subject in which is captured may have texture that is apparent. The artist may also paint in a textured style. You can clearly tell the difference in these pieces that show texture because each item captured has its own texture. Frottage is really another example of visually captured texture. This is a french derived word. It means “to rub”, in this artistic sense it is the rubbing of lead or another marking tool to reveal the texture of an object’s surface onto paper. This is a concept that I learned at least fifteen years ago in elementary school. Many artists use this technique for example here are a few from my source, https://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/2015/apparitions-frottages-and-rubbings-from-1860-to-now (Links to an external site.), Henri Michaux, Eva Kmentová, Roy Lichtenstein, and JindÅich Å týrský. My source https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/elements-of-art-texture (Links to an external site.) suggests that you should take a “textuere walk.” But I would encourage you to take a frottage walk. Enjoy nature and take a rubbing of the texture of the tree bark, concrets of sidewalk, braille on signs, maybe even the lettering of a stop sign. This could help you to experience new textures. You may even be inspired to use frottage to give your art visual texture. These are interesting subjects to learn about. Expeciall more in depth as an adult, renewing my childlike want to touch everything that looks interesting. As an artists we should go against conventions and use our individuality. If for you that’s incorporating frottage to your images then so be it. Texture is a way to give a piece of art real visual/tactile interest.
Sources:
https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=4320 (Links to an external site.)
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/f/frottage (Links to an external site.)
https://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/2015/apparitions-frottages-and-rubbings-from-1860-to-now (Links to an external site.)
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/frottage (Links to an external site.)
https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/elements-of-art-texture (Links to an external site.)

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