Implications of Difference in Standard Deviation Size This  week, we are coverin

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Implications of Difference in Standard Deviation Size
This  week, we are covering an important concept that is widely used in a  variety of fields: the standard deviation. The standard deviation is a  measure of how close together a set of data is grouped. In Chapter 2 of  your text, Kozak (2014) stated:
“In  general a “small” standard deviation means the data is close together  (more consistent) and a “large” standard deviation means the data is  spread out (less consistent). Sometimes you want consistent data and  sometimes you don’t. As an example if you are making bolts, you want to  lengths to be very consistent so you want a small standard deviation. If  you are administering a test to see who can be a pilot, you want a  large standard deviation so you can tell who are the good pilots and who  are the bad ones.” (p. 89).
Example Situations Involving Pilots
A large standard deviation tells us that there is a lot of variability in the scores; that is, the distribution of scores is spread out and not clustered around the mean. As Kozak (2104) has stated, when assessing potential pilots, we may want a large standard deviation, so that we can differentiate  between candidates; that is, we can determine who would be good pilots  and those who would not be good pilots. Since a large standard  deviation tells us that there is a lot of variability in the scores, candidates, who would be good pilots, would have scores  far above the mean, while those who would not be good pilots would have  scores far below the mean. Thus, only the “top” candidates would be  selected to be pilots.
A small standard deviation tells us that there is not a lot of variability in a distribution of scores; that is, the scores are very consistent (similar)  and close to the mean. Using our pilot example, a small standard  deviation is desirable, when considering aircraft landing distances. If  there is not enough distance when landing, the aircraft could undershoot  the runway; that is, land short of the runway. On the other hand, if  there is too much distance, the aircraft can overshoot the runway; that  is, the aircraft does not stop before the end of the runway. Both  undershooting and overshooting runways could result in injuries and/or  fatalities. Thus, it is important that pilots have consistent accurate  landing distances. Specifically, over a number of landings, the  distances would, on average, be appropriate to the runway length with  little variation among the distances.
Now think about how this might apply in your chosen field and answer both of the following questions:
What is an example of when you would want consistent data and, therefore, a small standard deviation? 
What is an example of when you might want a large standard deviation? That is, data that is more spread out?
Reference
Kozak, K. (2014). Statistics using technology. Retrieved from https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/oerfiles/statsusingtech.pdf 

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Busy Intersection Observation.

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Locate a busy intersection and spend 30-60 minutes in daylight hours during a period of high traffic observing the intersection. You should observe at least 3-5 light cycles for each direction of traffic. The intersection must include:
Traffic lights
At least 5 lanes on all four sides of the intersection (e.g. 2 heading in each direction plus a center turn lane)
Retail businesses on at least 2 corners of the intersection (schools, churches, and hospitals will not count)
Crosswalks that are outlined with paint and accessible to pedestrians
Good ideas in SLC: 400 S. and 700 E., 2100 S. and 700 E., any other big intersection along the 700 E. corridor, but try to find one that may be used by pedestrians
You are not required to walk across any part of the intersection, but you will need to observe from at least one corner.
Take at least 2 photos of the intersection, notably of the crosswalk(s) or other important features that complement your written description, to upload to this assignment.
Photos may NOT be taken from inside your car.
Include the date and time of day of your observation.
All images should be converted to .jpg/JPEG format prior to pasting them into your assignment document.
If you currently live in a place with few busy intersections, please consult with Dr. Shaw, Dr. Groot or Anupriya to discuss your options.

Next:

Take notes during your observation, and provide a very specific and inclusive description of the intersection. Summarize these observations in a table; a table is provided below and text within the table may be single-spaced. Items to include:
A number of total lanes to cross in each direction. Use street names as a means to provide an orientation of each crossing direction.
The approximate total distance to cross in each direction, assuming each lane is about 10 feet.
Monitor at least 3 light cycles in each direction and record the average amount of time available to cross the full intersection in each direction. Record times using the crosswalk indicators when possible. Do NOT include the time for a green arrow in a left turn lane, unless it is included with same-direction traffic. The goal here is to figure out how much time is available for someone to walk across the entire intersection.
A list of notable features – density and types of vehicles, businesses, signage, lights, countdown timer (present or not) to cross the light, TRAX line, TRAX train, sun’s rays, noise, people in and around the intersection, location/accessibility/type of button to push for the walk sign. This list is just a starting point, please be as inclusive as possible.
Make a list of potential obstacles in the area. Examples may include a change in texture and/or quality of the crosswalk surface, bumps/potholes or debris (look at the surface as close to street level as possible), TRAX rails, TRAX train, ramps from the sidewalk to the street as they are not always in perfect alignment with the crosswalk, speed and behavior of vehicles moving through the intersection, foliage or any other visual obstacles (construction cones or barriers, etc.) or anything else that may present a barrier for an older adult crossing the intersection. These are only examples–be as inclusive as possible.
Below is an MS Word document with a table for you to download and use for reporting your intersection observations:
Table for Intersection Description S2021-1.docx

Lastly, using formal, double-spaced text, address the following:

Think about an older person (~75-80 yrs old) who is near and dear to you–perhaps a grandparent or a close neighbor. With this person in mind:

Sample Solution

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Treatment Plan Mood Disorders

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American Psychological Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). (DSM-5). ISBN-13: 978-0-8904-2555-8

I would use the drug Lamictal 25 mg po qd x week then 50 mg the next week until you reach 200mg in one month which max dose. Why? because he is construction worker that will sweat and have electrolyte irregularities with lithium. also Lamictal does does not require any monitoring. If it does not take away his mania entirely we can add Abilify.

Andrew, a 26-year-old male with bipolar disorder type 1. He works outside in construction.

Create a treatment plan for your assigned patient using the American Psychiatric Association’s guidelines (if applicable) and at least two peer-review articles. Address the following:

What medication(s) would you start your patient on? Include the starting, tapering up, and maintenance doses, and patient education. Why did you choose this medication?
Initial lab and blood tests.
What type of therapy would work best for your patient?

Sample Solution

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Write a 3 paragraph summary of community health (2) and safety (1) issues for this community and strengthens of the community

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Physical Environment Make sure you address fully what you observed and NOTE if something was not found within your community area.
● Boundaries What defines the boundaries? Roads, water, railroads. Is the area known for a particular name? What area is this community located in?

● Housing and Zoning What is the age of the houses? Describe type of construction material, appearance, and general condition. Do you see single family housing? Multi-family housing?

● Common Meeting Places Where do people in the neighborhood hang out? Who hangs out there and what hours of the day?

● Indicators of Growth or Decline Is this a “thriving” community or does it look “run down?” Is there new or ongoing construction? Businesses and Industries coming to the area? Are buildings, roadways, and public areas clean and well-kept. Do you see dirt, trash, or graffiti?

● Employment Opportunities What places for employment are there is this area? Name the businesses and industries in this area.

● Transportation How to people get from one place to another? Is public transportation available? How timely is it? Personal autos? Bikes? Walking?

People Make sure you address fully what you observed and NOTE if something was not found within your community area.
● Race and Ethnicity What is the majority racial group represented? What is the majority ethnic group represented? Describe the distribution of gender, approximate ages, single families, multiple families, generational families?

● Cultural Characteristics What cultural similarities or differences do you observe? Languages spoken? Clothing? Ethnic eating places? Culturally-based celebrations? Signs in languages other than English?

● Lifestyle Healthy Behaviors What healthy lifestyle behaviors do you observe? Do you see people exercising, wearing helmets when biking, seat belt usage, using trash cans for garbage disposal, healthy eating practices?

● Lifestyle Risk Behaviors What unhealthy lifestyle behaviors do you observe? Do you see people practicing risky lifestyle behaviors such as drinking alcoholic beverages, smoking, fighting? Do you see signs of violence, gang activity, drug use, criminal activity, and bars on doors and/or windows? Do you see overweight/underweight persons? Do you see children unattended playing out in the streets? Do you see any signs of homelessness? Street people? Describe gender, age, and race/ethnicity of persons observed.

● Poverty Indications Do you see any signs of homelessness? Street people? Describe gender, age, and race/ethnicity of persons observed.

Services in the Community Make sure you address fully what you observed and NOTE if something was not found within your community area, how far away it is and how people will access it.
● Social Services Do you see evidence of recreation centers, parks, and social services? For services that are not available, how far must persons travel to access these services? Describe each.

● Health Services Do you see evidence of health (Hospitals, Dr’s Offices, Clinics) andmental health services? Describe each. Are there any signs of alternative services in the area, such as healers (curanderos), herbalists, herbal stores, palm readers, acupunctures, chiropractors. For services that are not available, how far must persons travel to access these services?

● Fire and Police Services Do you see any fire and police services/equipment/officers? Where are the closest fire and/or police stations?

● Educational Resources Where is the nearest public library? Discuss the Schools and Universities/Community colleges?

● Religions What signs of religion do you see? Discuss the types of churches, mosques, temples? What services are offered by these churches, e.g., Day Care, Mother’s Day Out, Summer Camps, Languages Classes, Citizenship Classes, Food Banks, Clothing, other.

Business & Industry Describe stores and shops available in the community, e.g., grocery stores, gas stations, department stores. What type of business climate exists? Manufactures? Light or heavy industry? Large employers? Small business owners? Retail? Hospitality industry? Do people have to seek employment elsewhere? Is this considered a “bedroom community”- where people work outside this community but live here?Make sure you address fully what you observed and NOTE if something was not found within your community area.

Politics What indicators do you see about politics? Posters? Headquarters?Make sure you address fully what you observed and NOTE if something was not found within your community area.

Media Do you see indicators of what people read? Listen to the radio? Watch TV? Are there any signs of media language other than English?Make sure you address fully what you observed and NOTE if something was not found within your community area.

Key Informants Interview a fireman or police office.
Also interview a librarian, school teacher, school nurse or administrator.
Ask each person interviewed to share their perceptions of
the following and cite personal communication as appropriate:
1. Interview with fireman or police officer
˃ Community’s Health issues
˃ Community’s Safety issues
˃ Strengths of the Community

2. Interview with librarian, school teacher, school nurse or administrator
˃ Community’s Health issues
˃ Community’s Safety issues
˃ Strengths of the Community
Enter the information about your interviews with Key Informants in this space in your template. You will not receive credit if the Key Informant interviews are inserted elsewhere on this template.

Analysis of Windshield Survey Analyze and summarize your observations and the input from key informants. Write a 3 paragraph summary of community health (2) and safety (1) issues for this community and strengthens of the community.Remember to cite personal communication as appropriate

 

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