General requirements

    5 pages, double-spaced, 12pt Times New Roman, 1-inch margins
   
Attention! The following sections are not included in the 5 pages
    Executive summary
    Appendix (optional section)
    Consulted or Recommended Sources

Guidelines

Some of the information reported below (and more) can be found here: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/policy-briefs/

Your policy brief must include the following sections:

    TITLE: A good title quickly communicates the contents of the brief in a memorable way

    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: It includes an overview of the problem and the proposed policy action. This section is one to two paragraphs long. In any case, it should be no longer than half a page. This section is single-spaced. This section is not included in the 5-page count.

    CONTEXT OR SCOPE OF PROBLEM: This section communicates the importance of the problem and aims to convince the reader of the necessity of policy action.

    POLICY ALTERNATIVES: This section discusses the current policy approach and explains proposed options. It should be fair and accurate while convincing the reader why the policy action proposed in the brief is the most desirable.

    POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS: This section contains the most detailed explanation of the concrete steps to be taken to address the policy issue.

    [OPTIONAL] APPENDIX: This section is optional. You may or may not include it. If you do include it, this section does not count toward the 5-page limit. If some readers might need further support in order to accept your argument but doing so in the brief itself might derail the conversation for other readers, you might include the extra information in an appendix.

    CONSULTED OR RECOMMENDED SOURCES: These should be reliable sources that you have used throughout your brief to guide your policy discussion and recommendations.

Background information

Some background considerations to keep in mind when writing a policy brief:

    What are policy briefs? A policy brief presents a concise summary of information that can help readers understand, and likely make decisions about, government policies. Policy briefs give objective summaries of relevant research, suggest possible policy options, and argue for particular courses of action
    Who is the audience? Policy briefs are usually created for a reader or policy maker who has a stake in the issue that youre discussing
    What is the purpose? Policy briefs are distinctive in their focus on communicating the practical implications of research to a specific audience. Your policy brief will synthesize scientific findings, but will deploy them for a very specific purpose: to help readers decide what they should do
    How do I identify a problem for my policy brief? An effective policy brief must propose a solution to a well-defined problem that can be addressed at the level of policy. The key is that you define the problem and its contributing factors as specifically as possible so that some sort of concrete policy action is feasible. For example, bad spending habits might be an important problem, but you cant simply implement a policy to make better financial decisions. In order to make it the subject of a policy brief, youll need to look for research on the topic and narrow it down. Is the problem a lack of financial education, predatory lending practices, dishonest advertising, or something else? Narrowing to one of these (and perhaps further) would allow you to write a brief that can propose concrete policy action
    How do I frame the issue? Your own process of identifying the problem likely had some stops, starts, and dead-ends, but your goal in framing the issue for your reader is to provide the most direct path to understanding the problem and the proposed policy change. Here are some questions you might want to consider:
o    What is the problem? Understanding what the problem is, in the clearest terms possible, will give your reader a reference point. Every piece of information in the brief should be clearly and easily connected to the problem
o    What is the scope of the problem? Knowing the extent of the problem helps to frame the policy issue for your reader. Is the problem national, or international? How many people does this issue affect? Daily? Annually? This is a great place for any statistical information you may have gathered through your research
o    Who are the stakeholders? Who does this issue affect? The primary group being affected is important, and knowing who this group is allows the reader to assign a face to the policy issue.

Read Onora Oneills article, A Kantian Approach to Famine Relief and Carrs Ethics of
Care Contribution and then answer the following questions:
1. From the lecture, what is Kants view of making ethical considerations dependent
on consequences? What should be the foundation of ethics instead?
2. From the lecture, you learned that Kant believes that that moral requirements
must be unconditionally valid. What does this mean and why does he think this is
necessary? What is the formula of the Humanity as an End in Itself formula of the
Categorical Imperative?
3. From the lecture, explain Gilligans observations and how they led her to propose
care as a new basis for assessing ethics.
4. From Oneills article, what does it mean to treat someone as a mere means?
When it is permissible to treat someone as a means? Formulate an example to
show the difference between treating someone as a means and as a mere
means.
5. From Oneills article, explain the difference between the requirements of justice
and beneficence in Kantian ethics.
6. Discuss some of the requirements that the duty of justice place on us in times of
famine according to Oneill.
7. With regard to Care Ethics, what is the realm of ethical consideration that Held
thinks traditional ethics misses and what kinds of values does this cause them to
leave out?
8. Contrast the idea of self of traditional ethics to the idea of self that Held is
advocating. Which seems more accurate as a description of how we exist in the
world?
9. One of the key critiques that care ethicists make is that the division between
reason and emotions that has been made in traditional philosophy is artificial and
unhelpful. They advocate that we should cultivate desirable forms of emotion and
that ethics is incomplete without doing so. Do you think she is right? Comment on
this by referring to the example of human mothering, or use another pertinent
example of your own choosing.
10.What is the criticism of care ethics addressed by Carr, and how does Carr
explain Helds response to this criticism?